Dans nos pays occidentaux, les spécialistes de la question du vieillissement avancent que l'un des paradoxes du discours contemporain privilégiant d'une part, l'autonomie et d'autre part, le maintien de la dépendance des personnes âgées, s'avère fort préjudiciable à cette population.Si tous parlent d'autonomie peu évoquent la responsabilité. Pourtant, l'homme apparaît comme le sujet moral qui doit répondre de ses actions. car la véritable expérience de la responsabilité exige de réunir concrètement deux relations fondamentales: la responsabilité pour son agir propre et la responsabilité pour le monde. L'autonomie responsable des personnes âgées est donc tributaire de deux facteurs importants: la personne elle-même et la société dans laquelle elle vit. Si la résilience est une condition qui relève directement de la personne, la créativité dépend tout autant du talent personnel que des conditions dans lesquelles la société met à la disposition de la personne pour se réaliser.D'où l'intérêt grandissant vers l'éthique qui d'une part, impose une vision participative de l'autonomie c'est-à-dire une vision qui renforce le lien social et refuse l'assistance; d'autre part, le développement d'une démarche qui réalise les conditions de cette autonomie responsable en amorçant un processus d'éducation tout au long de la vie. C'est ce qu'a bien compris l'un des philosophes du vingtième siècle, Hans Jonas, qui a précisé sous le nom de principe responsabilité, une règle d'éthique à laquelle on ne saurait s'opposer.C'est donc dans cette optique que nous essayons de voir s'il est encore possible de maintenir chez les personnes âgées vivant dans nos sociétés, une autonomie responsable. / In our countries of the West, the fact that experts in the matter of aging put forth the idea that one of the paradoxes of the present debate, on the one hand, promoting the preservation of autonomy and, on the other, keeping the elderly dependent, proves to be most detrimental to this part of the population.While many speak of autonomy, few promote responsibility. Still, man appears to be, as it were, the moral subject who, must be accountable for his actions, for the true experience of responsibility requires that two fundamental relationships come together in reality: responsibility for one’s own deeds and responsibility to the world.Responsible autonomy of the elderly flows therefore from two important elements: the person and the society in which the person lives. If resilience is a condition that is a direct trait of the person, creativity depends as much on the personal talent as on the conditions which society makes available to the person to be fulfilled.Hence, the growing interest in the ethics which, on the one hand, imposes a participating vision of the autonomy, that is, a vision that reaffirms the social bond and rejects assistance: on the other hand, the development of an initiative that fulfills the conditions of this responsible autonomy by preparing a process of education all through his life. This is what one of the philosophers of the twentieth century understood so well, Hans Jonas, who stated precisely under the name of principle of responsibility, a rule of ethics which we cannot oppose. It is therefore from this point of view that we strive to see if it is still possible to maintain a responsible autonomy in the elderly persons living in our society.

This dissertation thesis deals with an economic evaluation of population ageing in the Czech Republic. The emphasis is put on statistical and economic factors. The issue of population ageing is very wide and it affects many areas of human life. Therefore, it should be perceived in its range. The substance lies in continuity among economic area, health, education, housing, retirement policy and migration policy. Both macroeconomic and social effects of changes in the demographic structure of population should be regularly evaluated. Impacts of demographic ageing are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative relate to personal life, good health in old age, ensuring an adequate living standard and security of older persons. Similarly, quantitative impacts cover sustainability of funding of the pension system and social and health care systems. The thesis focuses on important factors that are often neglected and that can represent the threat to the proper function of society. On the contrary, there can be found factors acting positively e.g. the issue of labour immigration or integration of older people into the labour market. This dissertation thesis also provides complex statistical and economic view on the issue of population ageing including all key factors and effects on pensions, health, social and demographic area. The aim of the thesis lies is in the synthesis of important factors connected with population ageing and provides statistical assessment of the issue. The thesis provides procedures and methods that are innovative in the Czech Republic.

The goal of this study was to provide a link between the family-supportive benefits offered by an employer, and the work-family conflict experienced by that organization's employees. In order for employee outcomes such as job satisfaction to remain high, the work-family conflict experienced by the employee needs to remain low. One way to possibly lower the amount of work-family conflict experienced is to offer family-supportive benefits.

Orientador: Sadao Omote / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Horiguela / Banca: Maria Alves de Toledo Bruns / Resumo: A longevidade da espécie humana tem sido pesquisada mundialmente com objetivos diversos. Com o conhecimento das implicações biológicas, psicológicas e sociais do envelhecimento, a sociedade pode melhorar as condições de saúde, lazer, cultura e educação das pessoas, além de, ao favorecer o contato intergeracional, diminuir o preconceito ao idoso permitindo que os conhecimentos da tradição cultural sejam aprendidos e multiplicados pelos jovens. Este estudo se propôs investigar se as Universidades Abertas à Terceira Idade poderiam funcionar como uma rede de apoio afetivo e social para seus alunos. Através de dois instrumentos para medir atitudes, avaliaram-se as redes que funcionariam como suporte afetivo e social. Como rede afetiva, os alunos escolheram os filhos, marido e netos e por extensão, os cunhados e irmãos. Em situações difíceis, a oração e a fé forneciam apoios importantes. Entes queridos falecidos também foram lembranças que confortavam. Como rede social, médicos, vizinhos, serviçais, amigos conquistados na UNATI, professores, monitores e a coordenação foram referidos como suportes importantes em suas vidas. Conclui-se que as UNATIS foram consideradas pela população estudada, como importantes redes de apoio social. / Abstract: The longevity of human specie has been worldwide researched with different objectives. With the knowledge about the biological, psychological and sociological implications of aging, society could look up for the people health, leisure, culture and education conditions, and while improving the intergeneration contact, decrease prejudice against the elder, allowing the knowledge about the cultural tradition to be learned and multiplied by the youth. This study proposed to investigate if the Universities for the Elderly (UNATI) could work as an emotional and social support network for its students. It was evaluated, by two instruments that measure attitudes, the networks that could work as emotional and social supports. Students chose kids, husband and grandchildren as the emotional support network, and for extension, brothers-in-law and brothers. In difficult situations, prayer and faith were important supports. Deceased dear relatives were supporting memories, too. As the social network, doctors, neighbors, employees, friends from UNATI and its professors, monitors and co-ordination, were referred to be important supports in their lives. The conclusion of this research was that UNATIs were considered an important social support network. / Doutor

5 Abstract This thesis is focused on the research of adult day care centers. Its aim is to answer the question how the the day care centers define the care from the point of view of different stakeholders; how are the centers specific to other social services and what are the possible problems and obstacles. Theoretical part describes the current situation of elderly care and deals with topics such as the demographic development of the Czech Republic, the media image of the elderly, new trends in the area of care, active aging, social services etc. Empirical research deals with two day care centers from the points of view of different stakeholders. The research, which results in two case studies and their comparisons, is carried out using qualitative methods - semi-structured interviews, analysis of documents and survey. Data analysis shows that the main function of day care centers is "relief service" for families who provide care to the frail seniors. The distinctive feature of day care centers is emphasizing differnces with other social services for elderly, especially the residential ones. This is why the great emphasis is placed on individual care in a small environment and on intergenerational encounters. The analysis also shows the day care centers as a female environment. Women prevail among...

The aim of this study is to investigate how social workers, within the social services, supports and helps older women who have been/are victims to violence in close relationships. The purpose is also to gain understanding of the social workers experiences with this group. Interviews with social workers within this area, relationship violence unit in Stockholm, has been a method to collect information for the purpose of this study. The material has been analyzed from several points of view: organizational, grass- roots bureaucracy, discretionand intersectionality. As a result, to this study, some lacking in discretion are shown. The results shows lacking in discretion in forms of e.g resources, and interactivity among different units regarding this group. In conclusion, improving arrangement concerning elderly violence victims are being discussed. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare inom socialtjänstens relationsvåldsenheter arbetar för att hjälpa och stödja äldre kvinnor som har blivit utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Vidare var syftet med studien att få en ökad förståelse för socialsekreterares erfarenheter av arbetet med våldsutsatta äldre kvinnor. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte och dess frågeställningar har empiri inhämtats genom enskilda intervjuer med socialsekreterare verksamma inom socialtjänstens relationsvåldsenhet i Stockholms Stad. Empirin har analyserats utifrån de teoretiska begreppen: organisation, handlingsutrymme och intersektionalitet. Studiens resultat visar på brister vad gäller samverkan, sviktande kompetens samt utmaningar gällande handlingsutrymmet. Vidare redogörs för betydelsen av att äldre kan vara särskilt sårbara, samt hur behovet av stöd ställs i relation till bristfälliga resurser. Avslutningsvis diskuteras möjliga förbättringsområden inom relationsvåldsenheten för att öka möjligheten att tillgodose våldsutsatta äldre kvinnors stödbehov.

Studien bygger på antagandet om att de som invandrar sent i livet har vissa odds emot sig, som kan göra dem starkt mottagliga för psykisk stress, isolering och ensamhet. Denna studies syfte är att studera och fördjupa kunskaperna om erfarenheter och uppfattningar hos anhöriga till äldre assyrier/syrianer avseende formell omsorg, informell omsorg samt deras upplevelser av hur det är för dem att vara anhörig. Utifrån studiens explorativa syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ intervjustudie, där data analyserades med innehållsanalys (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004). Deltagarna var 13 informanter från länderna: Turkiet, Syrien och Irak, vilka är informella omsorgsgivare till en äldre närstående. Informanternas närstående äldre har kommit till Sverige sent i livet och huvudparten av dem är analfabeter. Den ansvarsfulla anhörigrollen går som en röd tråd genom resultatet i denna studie. Här framträder ambivalenta känslor inför uppdraget, glädjen av att få återgälda det man själv har fått av sina föräldrar som barn samtidigt som man upplever bundenhetskänslor. Slutsatser dragna från denna studie är att den anhöriges ansvar aldrig tar slut. Att en omsorg, vilken inte upplevs erbjuda den äldre personen möjligheten att bli förstådd, kommer att upplevas som otillräcklig. Uppfattningar framkommer om att det finns olika sätt att se på hur omsorgen ska tillgodoses hos yngre och äldre generationer, vilket också visar sig höra samman med vilka förutsättningar individen har för attta emot formell så väl som informell omsorg. I studien visade det sig vara viktigt att bli sedd av den formella omsorgen. För informanterna innebar det att bli lyssnad på, bli visad tillit, få ekonomisk ersättning för arbetet samt kunskap om hur omsorgen ska ges. / "It is impossible to resign". The study is based on the assumption that those who immigrate late in life have some odds against them that can make them highly receptive to mental stress, isolation and loneliness. This study aims to deepen the knowledge of the experiences and the perceptions the family members of elderly Assyrians/Syriacs have concerning formal care, informal care and their experiences as next of kin. Based on the exploratory purpose of the study semi structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants from: Turkey, Syria and Iraq, all of them providers of informal care for their older relatives who are late in life migrants in Sweden, and the majority of them beeing illiterate. A clearly perceptible theme in the study is that of being the responsible next of kin. The struggle for relatives to cope with the care giving demands induces both feelings of restriction as well as the satisfaction of being able to return the care that was once offered. Conclusions drawn from this study is that the responsibility of the caring next of kin never ceases. Another conclusion is that care which is not perceived to offer the older person the possibility to be understood will be perceived as insufficient. Ideas appear that there are different ways of looking at how care should be provided by younger and older generations, which is also associated with the personal conditions for receiving formal as well as informal care. It proved to be important to be recognized by the formal care. For the participants it entails to be heard, to be shown trust, to receive financial compensation for their care and knowledge of how care should be provided.

Denna studie hade som syfte att beskriva hur vårdbiträden inom äldreboende och hemtjänst upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö under coronapandemin. Detta genom frågeställningarna: Hur upplever vårdbiträden att deras arbetsinnehåll har påverkats av pandemin? Hur har vårdbiträdenas samarbete påverkats av pandemin? Vilka andra faktorer i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön har vårdbiträdena uppmärksammat i samband med pandemin? Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra vårdbiträden inom äldreomsorgen. Som analysverktyg användes Karasek och Theorells (1990) krav-kontroll-stödmodell. I resultatet framkom att den största inverkan på vårdbiträdenas psykosociala arbetsmiljö under pandemin var samhällets förändrade rekommendationer och restriktioner avseende skyddsutrustning och att förhindra smittspridning. Detta påverkade hela deras arbetssituation på flera olika sätt genom högre krav och mindre kontroll i arbetet. Stödet i arbetet i form av kollegialt stöd, visade sig vara betydelsefullt för den psykosociala arbetsmiljön under pandemin.

Studien “Att överväga integriteten på sociala medier” ämnar belysa och problematisera hur den äldre generationen förhandlar med sin integritet samt hur den påverkas av dataövervakning. Uppsatsen undersöker den äldre generationen i åldrarna 60–80 år om hur de uppfattar integritet och dataövervakning på Facebook. Under det senaste decenniet har internetanvändningen bland äldre ökat samtidigt som oron över integriteten online har blivit ett alltmer diskuterat ämne, där händelser som Cambridge Analytica och Brexit ökat medvetenheten om integritet och dataövervakning. Den snabba utvecklingen av digitala medier har bidragit till en stark gemenskap som de äldre vill ta del av men har svårt att vara en del av. Den äldre generationen saknar den digitala kompetens som krävs vilket skapar ett gap mellan de äldre och samhället. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår från Internet Privacy Concerns (IPC), Integritetsparadoxen och Westins teori. Med hjälp av metoden tematisk analys har vi studerat de kvalitativa intervjuerna, för att sedan finna teman som bidrar till analysen av det empiriska materialet.   Analysen visade att de äldre saknar kunskap om hur sociala medier fungerar och hade svårt att förstå vad dataövervakning på Facebook är. Okunskapen gjorde att respondenterna hade svårt att uttrycka sig om de var positivt eller negativt inställda till dataövervakning. Utöver detta, fann vi att de äldre värderar sin integritet olika beroende på vilken roll de har och hur de känner att de bidrar till samhället. De äldre måste göra en avvägning mellan att vara med i det digitala samhället och därmed riskera sin integritet online eller att avstå från sociala medier och riskera att hamna i ett utanförskap men inte utsätta sin integritet för risker. Utifrån respondenternas svar visade det sig att de värderar den sociala gemenskapen som finns på Facebook framför att skydda sin integritet. / The Study “To consider the integrity on social media” aims to how the elder generation negotiate their integrity and how it is affected by the dataveillance on social media. The study examines the elder generation in the age between 60 to 80 years on how they perceive integrity and dataveillance on Facebook. Over the past decade, internet use among the elderly has increased, while concerns about the online integrity have become an increasingly discussed topic, with incidents such as Cambridge Analytica and Brexit that raised awareness about integrity and dataveillance. The rapid development of digital media has contributed to a strong community, that the elderly wants to take part in, but finds it difficult to be a part of. The elder generation lacks the digital skills that is required, which creates a gap between the elderly and society. The theoretical framework of the study is based on Internet Privacy Concerns (IPC), Integrity Paradox and Westin´s theory. By using the method thematic analysis, we have studied the qualitative interviews and found themes that contribute to the analysis of the empirical research. The analysis showed that the elderly stands between being part of the social, digital community and jeopardize their online integrity or choosing to give up social media and risk ending up in exclusion but maintaining their integrity in safety. The study also found that the elderly lacks the digital knowledge that is required today to be a part of the digital community and have difficulties in understanding what dataveillance means and that it exists on Facebook.

I denna studie undersöks yrkesverksammas upplevelser av det sociala arbetet kring våld mot äldre kvinnor i nära relation, samt deras upplevelser avseende möjligheter och svårigheter för att nå ut till samt stödja dessa kvinnor. De delar som undersöks gällande våldet är de yrkesverksammas upplevelser om vilken kunskap och syn på våldet som finns hos såväl kvinnan som inom professionen, samt vilket stöd som finns att tillgå för den våldsutsatta äldre kvinnan. Utifrån en kvalitativ ansats har sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts, respondenterna arbetar inom kommun samt region och möter på olika sätt äldre personer i sitt arbete. Det insamlade materialet från intervjuerna har tematiserats, kopplats ochanalyserats med hjälp av relevant forskning samt teorier om gräsrotsbyråkrati, normaliseringsprocess och intersektionalitet. Den befintliga tidigare forskningen inom ämnet våld i nära relation mot äldre kvinnor bekräftar det resultat som framkommit av denna studie. Samtliga intervjurespondenter uppger en brist på adekvat stöd och insatser för den äldre våldsutsatta kvinnan, svårigheter kring vem som har det primära ansvaret för det förebyggande och uppsökande arbetet, samt kunskapsbrist och fördomar om vem som blir utsatt för våld. Ett ytterligare perspektiv som lyfts i resultatet är synen på våld som kan påverkas av såväl normaliseringsprocesser som generationsskillnader. / This study examines professionals' experiences of social work in relation to domestic violence against elderly women, and their experiences of the opportunities and difficulties in reaching out to and supporting these women. The elements that are investigated regarding violence are the professionals' experiences of what knowledge and view of violence that exists both among the women and within the profession, as well as what social support that is available for the abused elderly woman. Based on a qualitative approach, six semi-structured interviews were conducted, the respondents work in municipalities and regions and meet elder people in their work. The collected material from the interviews has been thematized, linked to relevant studies and analyzed with theories of street level bureaucracy, the normalization process and intersectionality. The existing previous studies on the topic of domestic violence against elder women confirms the findings of this study. All interviewed respondents reported a lack of adequate support and interventions for the elderly woman, difficulties around who has the primary responsibility for prevention, and a lack of knowledge and prejudices about who is a victim of violence. An additional perspective that is highlighted in the results is that the view of violence can be affected by both normalization processes and generational differences.