De etiska konsumenterna växer i antal (Young, Hwang, McDonald & Oates, 2010). och att äta veganskt blir allt mer populärt (The Nielsen Company, 2017). I takt med att de nya veganska produkterna intar marknaden saknas riktlinjer och forskning kring etiska budskap på veganska måltidsproteinförpackningar, något som skulle kunna hjälpa formgivare med hur de kan tänka när de designar dessa förpackningar. Den föreliggande studien undersöker om och hur olika varumärken som säljer vegansk processad mat förmedlar etiska budskap via texter, bilder, kostbenämningar och certifieringar på sina förpackningar samt hur konsumenterna ställer sig till budskapen. Studien genomfördes via en visuell innehållsanalys och en enkätundersökning. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg att kommunikation av etiska budskap på förpackningar är positivt och kan ge mervärde till konsumenten utifrån målgrupp. Studien har även visat att varumärken med produktutbud för allätare till större del kommunicerar personliga preferenser medan varumärken med produktutbud för vegetarianer kommunicerar både etiska aspekter och personliga preferenser på sina förpackningar. / The ethical consumers are growing in numbers (Young, Hwang, McDonald & Oates, 2010), and consuming a vegan diet is becoming more popular (The Nielsen Company, 2017). As the new products are entering the market, guidelines and research on ethical consumption for vegan meat substitute packages are lacking. This thesis can therefore help graphic designers with creating this type of packaging. The present study investigates whether and how different brands who sell vegan processed food communicate ethical statement through text, images, dietary name and certification on their packaging and consumers attitude about it. The study was conducted with a visual content analysis and a survey. The results present that majority of the respondents believe that the communication of ethical statement on the packaging is positive and can bring added value to the consumer based on the target group. The study also presents that brands with a product selection for omnivores, to the greater part only communicate personal preferences while brands with a product selection for vegetarians communicate both ethical aspects and personal preferences on its packaging.

Submitted by Thiago Ferreira Prediger (thiagoprediger@gmail.com) on 2015-04-24T15:28:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Prediger - Exploring Attitudes and Behavioral Intention of Brazilian consumers towards Fair Trade and Fair Trade products.pdf: 1053923 bytes, checksum: aa7aeb5347c8b1046a0294506593cce5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2015-04-24T15:54:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Prediger - Exploring Attitudes and Behavioral Intention of Brazilian consumers towards Fair Trade and Fair Trade products.pdf: 1053923 bytes, checksum: aa7aeb5347c8b1046a0294506593cce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T16:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Prediger - Exploring Attitudes and Behavioral Intention of Brazilian consumers towards Fair Trade and Fair Trade products.pdf: 1053923 bytes, checksum: aa7aeb5347c8b1046a0294506593cce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Global sales of FT products have been growing consistently in the last years. According to the FLO, they jumped from less than €1 billion in 2004 to around €5,5 billion in 2013. Although the movement is still beginning in Brazil, some efforts aiming the institutionalization of FT are already being done. For instance, Schneider (2012) shows that there is a potential market for the FT products in Brazil, however the it is still not well developed. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the variables affecting purchase intention of these product. Past studies have identified factors that are considered predictors of Intention to Buy FT products. Considering these factors, this study aims to determine the variables that are most related to the consumers’ intention to buy and willingness to pay for FT products in Brazil. Based on the answers of 124 respondents, results show that intention to buy FT products in Brazil is linked to the consumers’ ethical consumption attitudes, product interest and quality, low skepticism and positive interest regarding the FT concept. The results also showed two antagonistic clusters of consumers regarding their attitudes. The group 'Activists' have positive attitudes, high intention to buy and willingness to pay. On the other hand, the 'Unbelievers' have negative attitudes, low intention to buy and are not willing to pay more. Based on the results of this study, organizations and individuals who aim to foster the FT market in Brazil can better understand the consumer and take more assertive marketing decisions, considering the relevance of factors affecting Intention to Buy, and differences between consumers. / As vendas globais de produtos FT cresceram de forma consistente nos últimos anos. De acordo com a FLO, as vendas cresceram de menos de € 1 bilhão em 2004 para cerca de € 5,5 bilhões em 2013. Apesar do movimento ainda estar engatinhando no Brasil, alguns esforços visando a institucionalização da FT estão sendo tomados. Por exemplo, o Schneider (2012) mostrou que existe um mercado potencial para os produtos FT no Brasil. Entretanto, ele ainda não é bem desenvolvido. Portanto, há uma necessidade de compreender melhor as variáveis que afetam a intenção de compra destes produtos. Estudos anteriores identificaram fatores que são considerados previsores de intenção de comprar produtos FT. Considerando esses fatores, o presente estudo tem como objetivo determinar as variáveis que estão mais relacionadas com a intenção de compra e disposição para pagar por produtos FT no Brasil. Com base nas respostas de 124 entrevistados, os resultados mostram que a intenção de compra de produtos FT no Brasil está ligada a atitudes de consumo éticas dos consumidores, o interesse e qualidade dos produtos, baixo ceticismo e percepção de relevância acerca do conceito FT. Os resultados também mostraram dois grupos antagônicos de consumidores a respeito de suas atitudes. O grupo dos 'ativistas' tem atitudes positivas, de alta intenção de compra e disposição a pagar mais. Por outro lado, os 'incrédulos' têm atitudes negativas, baixa intenção de compra e não estão dispostos a pagar mais. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, organizações e indivíduos que visam fomentar o mercado FT no Brasil podem entender melhor o consumidor e tomar decisões de marketing mais assertivas, considerando a relevância dos fatores que afetam a intenção de comprar, como também as diferenças entre os consumidores.

Dagens överkonsumtion har resulterat i förödande problem för både natur och oss själva. En av alla lösningar till att minska problemet är att tillverka och erbjuda etiskt korrekta produkter till konsumenter. Men trots att intentionen att köpa dessa produkter har ökat hos konsumenter, genomförs inte dessa köp. I samma veva som konsumtionen förändrats har en ny generation vuxit upp och blivit redo att konsumera - Generation Z. Generation Z skiljer sig från andra generationer i både attityd och handlande. De ägnar stor tid åt sociala medier där de utvecklar sina nätverk, ökar sin kunskap och finner inspiration. Om dagens forskning har rätt om denna generation, är det de som har möjlighet att vända den onda trenden med överkonsumtion och få konsumenter att handla på ett mer etiskt korrekt sätt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur generation Z uppfattar vad som visas på sociala medier, samt hur denna information sedan används i praktiken. Detta undersöks för att se om sociala medier kan påverka generation Z till att genomföra fler etiskt korrekta köp. Med ett synsätt baserat på en teori som säger att det finns ett gap mellan etisk intention och genomförande, är det därför viktigt för både kunder och företag att förstå vad det är som påverkar konsumenter till att faktiskt genomföra ett köp. Om denna kunskap inte uppdagas, kommer problemet kvarstå. Forskning på generation Z är idag väldigt begränsad, på grund av detta har en kvalitativ tvärsnittsdesign med semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer genomförts. Val av metod härleds till att den var bäst lämpad för att uppnå en djup förståelse om ämnet under en kort tid. Undersökningen baseras på fyra fokusgrupper med tre till fem respondenter i varje grupp, totalt 17 personer. Intervjuerna ägde rum i Borås och utfördes på kvinnor i åldern 16-25 år. Utifrån resultatet från empirin och analysen kunde trovärdiga slutsatser om generation Z och dess användning av sociala medier dras. Generation Z använder sig frekvent av sociala medier. De främsta användningsområdena är för att hålla kontakten med omvärlden, inspireras och hämta information. Dessa användningsområden varierar beroende på vilken plattform som används. Nyheter som prioriterades på sociala medier var sådant som snabbt fångade intresset och var lättillgängligt att läsa. Det var också av vikt att informationen kom från en trovärdig källa. Gällande reklam från influencers på sociala medier var det också viktigt att produkten kunde kopplas till personen i fråga, det vill säga även här behövde källan vara trovärdig. Hos generation Z var gapet mellan intention och genomförande av etiskt korrekta köp påtagligt. Slutsatserna som drogs från intervjuerna var att sociala medier bör användas som ett verktyg för att minska gapet då det påverkar konsumenter till hög grad. Majoriteten av respondenterna ville genomföra etiskt korrekta köp, men hänvisade till diverse faktorer som påverkade genomförandet. Främst var okunskap anledningen till att mindre “bra” köp gjordes. Antalet etiska köp kan ökas genom snabbläst information om hållbarhet på sociala medier. / Today's overconsumption has resulted in devastating problems for both nature and ourselves. One of many solutions to reducing the problem is to manufacture and offer ethically correct products to consumers. But even though the intention to buy these products has increased amongst consumers, these purchases are not implemented. At the same time as the consumption changes, a new generation has grown up and are now ready to consume - Generation Z. Generation Z differs from other generations in both attitude and action. They spend a lot of time on social media where they develop their networks, increase their knowledge and find inspiration. If today's research is right about this generation, they are able to reverse the evil trend of overconsumption and make consumers act more ethically correct. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how generation Z perceives what appears on social media, and how this information is then used in practice. This is investigated to see if social media can affect generation Z to implement more ethically correct purchases. With an approach based on a theory that says there is a gap between ethical intention and implementation, it is therefore important for both customers and companies to understand what it is that influences consumers to actually conduct a purchase. If this knowledge is not discovered, the problem will persist. Research on generation Z is today very limited. Because of this, a qualitative cross-sectional design with semi-structured group interviews has been conducted. The choice of method was found to be best suited to obtain a deep understanding of the subject in a short period of time. The survey is based on four focus groups with three to five respondents in each group, a total of 17 people. The interviews took place in Borås and were performed on women in age 16-25 years. Based on the empirical results and the analysis, credible conclusions about generation Z and its use of social media could be drawn. Generation Z uses social media frequently. The main uses are to keep in touch with the outside world, inspire and retrieve information. These uses vary depending on the platform. News that were prioritized on social media were those that quickly caught the interest and were easy to read. It was also important that the information came from a credible source. Regarding advertising from influencers on social media, it was also important that the product could be linked to the specific person. So, even here the source needed to be credible. Amongst generation Z, the gap between intention and implementation of ethically correct purchase was significant. The conclusions drawn from the interviews were that social media should be used as a tool to reduce the gap, as it highly affects consumers. The majority of respondents would do ethically correct purchases, but referred to various factors that influenced implementation. Mainly, lack of knowledge was the reason why less "good" purchases were made. The number of ethical purchases can be increased by fast-paced information on sustainability at social media. This thesis is written in Swedish.

This paper is an attempt to identify new ways to improve consumer’s response to ethical fashion branding through written mission statements and fashion films. It examines material by three fashion brands: H&M, Stella McCartney and People Tree. Additionally, it reviews and summarizes findings of previous literature in the field of ethical and sustainable fashion branding and builds a list of principal factors that play in the success of ethical fashion branding. The paper concludes with providing recommendations to improve the branding of each case study. / BA Thesis

Growing issues such as climate crises, social injustice and neglection of basic human rights have created a new type of consumption, namely ethical consumption. Ethical consumption was initially mainly concerned for environmental issues but has in later years starting to include a variety of pressing issues. Ethical consumption was also initially mainly connected to groups of extremists, but with the increasing availability of ethical products in mainstream outlets, ethical consumption has shifted to be a mainstream consumer game. Mainstream ethical consumption has largely been neglected in previous research where the field is lacking knowledge in form of qualitative behavioral data. Departing from the gap, this study will mainly focus on exploring the motives for ethical consumption in the mainstream consumer segment. We will examine several driving forces in form of altruistic-based motives, egoistic-based motives, and non-value-based motives. However, in order to give this an additional dimension we also want to examine the level of morality of ethical consumption by using five ethical theories. This approach has been overlooked in previous ethical consumption research and it will question the basic assumption that ethical consumption is the morally correct thing to do. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the motivational factors for ethical consumption and through the lens of ethical theories examine the level of morality of this behavior. In order to fulfill this purpose we have conducted a qualitative study within the context of organic groceries in the Swedish market. Organic groceries is a branch of ethical consumption that few studies has examined before, and that applies especially to the Swedish market. 14 mainstream consumers have been interviewed were all of these were frequent buyers of organic groceries. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured fashion which was then analyzed by the use of thematic analysis. Furthermore, the study was guided by an exploratory inductive approach where subjectivity played a significant part. The results show that ethical consumption is driven by altruistic-based motives in form of social justice, where consumer want their consumption to benefit other. However, it is far from the only motive because ethical consumers are equally driven by egoistic motives. The result show that consumers are driven strongly by the sense of self- satisfaction created by the force of social norms, health and wellbeing, and product quality. This duality of motives creates a paradoxical tension in form of a win-win situation where the consumers strive for both the benefit of self as well as the benefit of others. Furthermore, ethical consumption is driven by habitual behavior where the consumers rely much on mental shortcuts in their purchases. Consumers are also not well- informed about ethical products and labels and therefore rely heavily on mythical benefits. In addition, when examining the level of morality of ethical consumption we can conclude that it is on level between mediocre to high. From a consequentialist and a non- consequentialist perspective the level of morality is fairly high, but from a character-based perspective the morality stumbles.

道德企業的臉書粉絲團：社群對話與意義行銷 / Fair Trade is for more than just coffee: Oliberté and prAna sell clothing, shoes, and accessories. Corporate social responsibility now takes the shape of business models. For each item sold, TOMS and Warby Parker give an item to someone in need. The present study takes a closer look at what is happening on these four brands’ Facebook pages with the focus on user-generated contributions. Observation of those pages during the 2014 American holiday shopping season identifies what people are posting. Depth interviews with active Facebook followers provide insight as to why people are posting about these companies and how they came to be brand advocates. The results indicate that though there are plenty of discussions about products, Facebook brand pages are not merely advertising channels. They are tools that the greater ethical consumption community uses to strengthen and expand its values-based groups of followers. People also choose Facebook over face-to-face conversation to start tough conversations about consumer and political issues within their own networks because it is easier to present controversial ideas. The informants, regardless of voting frequency, reported being skeptical of government and large organizations. Yet, they have faith in capitalism’s ability to carry out good around the world, and they are an active audience for meaningful marketing. Finally, informants reported hating shopping. Yet, they invested time checking corporate websites, reading literature written by a brand’s founder, and sharing information about companies on Facebook. Websites and social media are essential to the shopping process today because they are spaces where consumers learn about and share brand stories.

Following the call for further research on the consumer perspective of corporate ethics, this research sets out to explore and conceptualize the construct of ‘Consumer Perceived Ethicality’ (CPE), referring to consumers’ aggregate and valenced perceptions of a subject’s(i.e. a company, brand, product, or service) ethicality. Results present novel insights into how positive/negative CPE is formed and impacted by various kinds of corporate conduct, thereby offering some explanations as to why some companies benefit from positive while others suffer from negative moral equity.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished