The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which, and the ways in which, extended schools can become more community oriented in their extended provision. Within this a focus was placed on co-production and asset-based working and how they take these approaches and implement them into the delivery of the school. Whilst there are many arguments in favour of co-production and asset-based working within communities there appears to be a gap in literature relating to schools adopting these approaches. This thesis seeks to add to the limited range of these literatures by focusing on a case study school and the extent to which a group of stakeholders involved in the school are able to recognise and build upon assets within the community and the extent to which co-production plays a role in the provision made by the school. This study was qualitative and longitudinal in nature. It took the form of a case study of a school attempting to develop a community oriented approach. The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews with a group of eight stakeholders taken from a purposive sample as they were connected to the school. The stakeholders were interviewed and additional data was collected through two further feedback and observation sessions with six of the original stakeholders over a period of twelve months. The thesis begins by introducing the topic, moving on to explore a range of literatures around extended schools, asset and deficit-based working, community organizing and co-production. Each of these approaches are explored in the way they relate to work between schools and their local communities. Methodologies are then introduced, findings presented and then discussed and conclusions offered in the following chapters. The findings highlight the difficulties faced by schools in becoming more community oriented in their extended provision. The thesis explores some of the potentials, possibilities and constraints of the extended schools agenda by examining the implications of these findings. The study concludes by arguing that schools are often professionally dominated institutions and that the balance in partnerships between schools and the local community will always be tempered and restricted by the expectations and demands placed upon schools by local and national policy.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe disruption to students worldwide, especially younger ones. This instrumental case study investigated how elementary students in a rural United States southeastern community experienced the sudden, extended closure of their school building facilities triggered by this health emergency. Multiple stakeholder perspectives were gathered through semi-structured interviews with the elementary school principal, three classroom teachers, three elementary-aged students, and three student family members, along with classroom observations as well as corresponding documents and artifacts. Interview commentaries and weekly reflective commentary journal entries were employed to address data validation and reliability issues. The findings demonstrate how the rural elementary school community leveraged its unique strengths (e.g., partnership with families, communal leaders, businesses, and local institutions) and overcame disadvantages under emergency conditions. Salutary lessons drawn from the COVID-19 extended school facilities closure were shared from the perspectives of the rural school stakeholders.

The purpose of this essay is to examine the differences between two schools in Sweden, and how they have chosen to take advantage of / work with their extended school.In this story, I describe what a period can look like at a school in Stockholm and then how it works at a school in Gothenburg. I try to investigate what makes it work, both by reviewing schedule-sacrifices and the actual meaning of the extended school teachers mission , and what it results in in each school.I will also talk to the students in each school and ask them what they think we’re doing when they’re in class, and see if there will be any differences depending on which school. The thesis method is an essay where I will start from my story and support my questions through research in the leisure-centers role in school, leadership, the role of the extended school in workplace and my own reflections. / Denna uppsats undersöker skillnaderna mellan två skolor, en i Göteborg och en i Stockholm, och om hur de har valt att ta till vara på/arbeta med sitt fritidshem. I berättelsen skildrar jag hur en period kan se ut på en skola i Stockholm och sedan hur det fungerar på en skola i Göteborg. Jag försöker att undersöka vad det är som gör att det fungerar, både genom att se över schema-uppoffringar, meningen med fritidshemslärarens uppdrag och vad det resulterar i på respektive skolor. Jag kommer även att prata med eleverna om vad dom anser att vi fritidshemslärare gör för någonting under skoldagen, för att se om dom ser på oss olika, beroende på skola och arbetssätt. Uppsatsens metod är en essä där jag kommer att utgå ifrån min berättelse och stödja mina frågeställningar genom forskning inom fritidshemmets roll i skolan, ledarskap, tolkning av uppdraget, och mina egna reflektioner.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka lärare i fritidshem erfarenheter av undervisning i närmiljön, samt vilka förutsättningar som finns för att skapa en god samverkan mellan idrottsföreningar och fritidshemmet. Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på semi-strukturerade intervjuer som genomförts på fyra fritidshem med fem lärare i fritidshem. Data analyseras för att hitta gemensamma fenomen och teman som tolkas utifrån de teoretiska begreppen socialt-, kulturellt- och ekonomiskt kapital samt habitus. Resultatet visar att lärarna i fritidshem har skilda erfarenheter av undervisning i närmiljön och av samverkan med lokala föreningslivet. Lärarna har en positiv inställning till samverkan och de fördelar en sådan kan föra med sig. Närmiljön används som samverkanspartner på skilda sätt inom olika fritidshem, antingen med eller utan föreningens aktiva deltagande. De största faktorerna för att en samverkan ska vara möjlig krävs är enligt resultatet kontaktnät som lärarna på fritidshemmen besitter och fritidshemmets status. Studien visade även på att COVID-19 har haft en negativ betydelse för fritidshemmet i stort och dess möjlighet till samverkan.

The Alice Project investigates the problem behind the lack of provision for children in developing areas. The project recognises the potential in formal educational facilities as being the most important designed children’s space in townships [as developed transit camps]. The study will aim to address school environments in an extroverted or interactive manner. This will be done in order to transform the school grounds into a community children’s ‘city of learning’ [H.Hertzberger.2008:127]. The study questions the one dimensional identity of current educational environments, while focusing on Olievenhoutbosch as the main research area [Olievenhoutbocsh Ministerial Housing Estate: July 2005] The study identifies the problem behind the dystopian institutional character of current educational facilities as; introverted layouts, isolation, mono function and functionally dominant and intimidating spaces [H.Zeither.1996:16; H.Hertzberger.2008:71]. In order to address dissertation elements of spatial alienation, the dissertation will investigate counter theories of contextual inclusion and humane places of interaction, using contextual informants of community use of spaces to assist in program allocation and determinants of spatial hierarchy, supported with theories by Jane Jacobs [1961] and Jan Gehl [2010 and 2011] on qualities of a humane compact city space. These theories will then be combined with educational design theories of learning spaces implemented as a city in miniature, ultimately allowing the educational environment to socially extrovert to include community life and achieve a social academic atmosphere through an interactive educational environment . / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

The effects of long school breaks, such as summer vacation, on students' achievement has been an area of interest among educators and researchers for many years (e.g. Austin, Rogers & Walbesser, 1972; Ballinger, 1987, 1988; Borman, Benson & Overman, 2005; White, 1906). Research specific to children and youth with disabilities and the level of regression over summer months, however, is sparse. On the whole, both researchers and special educators have agreed that students with more severe disabilities tend to regress more than students with mild disabilities (Cornelius & Semmel, 1982; Edgar, Spence & Kenowitz, 1977; Shaw, 1982). These challenges can make extended breaks from school particularly detrimental for these children. A group of students that may be especially affected by a long break in schooling are children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These children often have slower rates of skill acquisition and more difficulties with maintenance/generalization of skills across time (Arnold- Saritepe, 2009). The current study explored the extent to which students with ASD maintained cognitive, behavioral and social skills over the summer vacation months with differing levels of summer programming. Additionally, this study examined whether students of varying functioning levels differed in their maintenance of skills during the summer. A pre-post quasi-experimental design was utilized in which the May assessments were treated as baseline data and September assessments for the following academic year were treated as outcome data. Participants included 139 students aged 5-9 years with an ASD diagnosis given by their school district. Three different groups of Extended School Year support were compared, including students who received no ESY support, students who received standard ESY support from their school district, and students who received ESY support along with individualized programming. Overall, students maintained skills from pre- to post-test in most key areas. When group comparisons were made between children who attended ESY (ESY group and ESY with individualized support group) and those who did not receive ESY programming few differences were found. While students who received the most intensive level of ESY support were found to decrease significantly in the presentation of hyperactivity and noncompliance, ESY was generally effective in maintaining skills over the summer break. / School Psychology

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the values and results of one year's participation of the Sanger School in a three-year Texas Health Education Program (Texas Extended School and Community Health Program) in order to determine an adequate basis for making recommendations for the further development of this program.

The aim of this study was to observe how, and if, the concept of Media and Information Literacy (Medie-och informationskunnighet in Swedish) was used in the extended school environment. In Swedish primary schools, 21stcentury skills, such as critical thinking, are beginning to be implemented, butis that also the case with the fritidshem? In this study, I have used fiveobservations to examine the situation at a specific school that has a vision ofsustainability and focus of extensively working with information andcommunication technologies. Would this school break down the boundaries, andstatus divide, that often exist between school and fritidshem? / Måletmed den här studien var att observera hur, och om, medie- ochinformationskunnighet användes i fritidshemmet. I den svenska grundskolanbörjar 2000-talets förmågor, som kritiskt tänkande, att sätta sig, men gällerdet även fritidshemmet? I denna studie har jag använt fem observationer för attundersöka hur det ser ut i en skola som har en vision om hållbarhet och fokuspå informations- och kommunikationsteknologi. Kunde denna skola brytabarriärerna och statusskillnaderna, som ofta finns mellan skola ochfritidshemmet?

Detta är en studie som utforskar fritidspedagogers uppfattning om samtal med barn i deras verksamhet. Vår utgångspunkt var sokratiska och filosofiska samtal som vi stötte på under en kurs i ”barns existentiella frågor”. Vi blev då nyfikna över hur detta såg ut i verkligheten, om det fanns överhuvudtaget. Vi använder oss av ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv kombinerat med kunskapsbegrepp från Aristoteles för att få goda verktyg i en analys utifrån kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi använder även Skolinspektionens kvalitetsgranskning av fritidshemmen från 2010 för att få ett bollplank att jämföra de mönster vi hittat och de mönster de identifierat. I arbetet kom vi fram till att pedagoger ofta strävar efter mål som de inte alltid kan uppnå av olika orsaker samt att de i samtal med elever vill ha det resultat som ett Sokratiskt eller filosofiska samtal har möjlighet att bidra till. Dock upptäckte vi att man genom samtal försöker lära elever praktisk klokhet men med samma metoder man använder för att lära ut teoretisk kunskap. / In this study, we will be exploring the extended school teacher’s perception of dialogue with children in their work environment. The starting point for this study happened when we encountered Philosophical and Socratic dialogues as a didactic tool in our course “the child's existential questions”. This sparked our interest, trying to figure out how these would look like in the real world, if they were present at all. This study is using a phenomenological perspective, combined with Aristotle's theory of knowledge with the purpose of giving us the tools required for analyzing our qualitative interviews. We will also be using a report from Skolinspektionen regarding the quality of extended school teacher’s work environment from 2010 with the purpose of comparing the results we find in our study against the results they identified. The results of this study concluded that pedagogues often strive for goals that may be difficult to reach, for a couple of different reasons. Also in their dialogues with children they strive for results that philosophical and Socratic dialogues can contribute to. We also learned that the extended school teachers try to teach practical wisdom but with the tools of teaching theoretical knowledge.

The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about how a few pedagogues apprehend playing’s opportunities to create social relationships between children. The purpose is also to contribute knowledge about how a few pedagogues apprehend their role in children’s relationship work in playing. To obtain empirical material to our study we have completed qualitative interviews with eight pedagogues who work in extended school in four different schools. The theoretical framework we have used to analyze the empirical data is symbolic interactionism, in particular concepts from Erving Goffman’s The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959). According to the pedagogues, playing create social relationships between children by their fantasy, creativity and by their own initiative. According to the pedagogues, playing clarifies children how to work together and how to behave towards other children. To include and prevent children from being excluded the pedagogues use different tools to support them in entering social relationships with other children. The pedagogues use free play to get children to learn how to take responsibility and in an independently way create new social relationships with other children. The pedagogues use adult- conducted play to get children to interact in play, to enter community and create social relationships. The pedagogues feel they are in children´s free play depending on how the children act for example if there is a problem regarding children´s language or behavior in playing. In adult-conducted play the pedagogues apprehend their role to be an explicit and determined leader and be the one who always controls children’s play. The pedagogues also apprehend their role in adult-conducted play to break up subgroups and lead the children away from evil playing. / Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur ett antal pedagoger uppfattar lekens möjligheter för barn att skapa sociala relationer. Syftet är även att bidra med kunskap om hur ett antal pedagoger uppfattar sin roll i barns relationsarbete i leken. För att samla in empiriskt material till vår studie har vi genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta pedagoger som arbetar på fritidshem på fyra olika skolor. För att analysera det empiriska materialet använder vi oss av symbolisk interaktionism i form av ett antal begrepp från Erving Goffmans Jaget och maskerna: En studie i vardagslivets dramatik (1959). Pedagogerna uppfattar att leken skapar sociala relationer mellan barnen via deras fantasi, kreativitet, egna initiativ. Pedagogerna uppfattar att i leken får barnen lära sig att samarbeta och hur man ske bete sig mot andra barn. För att inkludera och motverka att barn är exkluderade uppfattar pedagogerna att de använder sig av olika verktyg för att stötta dem att ingå i sociala relationer med andra barn. Pedagogerna uppfattar att fri lek används för att barnen ska lära sig att ta ansvar och på ett självständigt sätt skapa nya sociala relationer med andra barn. Pedagogerna uppfattar att de använder styrd lek för att barnen ska få interagera i lek, ingå i gemenskap och skapa sociala relationer. Pedagogerna uppfattar att de intar olika roller i barnens fria lek beroende på hur barnen agerar i leken. Bland annat om det är problem angående barnens språkbruk eller beteende i leken. I den styrda leken uppfattar pedagogerna att sin roll är att vara en tydlig och bestämd ledare och hela tiden vara den som styr barnens lek. Pedagogerna uppfattar även att sin roll i den styrda leken är att bryta upp subgrupper och leda barnen bort från ondskefulla lekar.