The diploma thesis deals about design of the ARC multifunctional filters using modern functional blocks. These active blocks are for example voltage feedback operational amplifiers (OAs), operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), current conveyors (CCIIs) or current mode analog multipliers, current feedback amplifiers (CFAs), integrated circuits with switched capacitors building blocks (SCs) and digital potentiometers. The filters are studied with ideal circuit models and models of third level (3) based on voltage controlled voltage sources, voltage controlled current sources etc. (analog behavioral modelling). The professional macromodels are used for example LT 1364 (Linear Technology), EL 2045 (Intersil), LT 1228 (Linear Technology), LM 13700 (National Semiconductor), EL 2082 (Intersil), AD 844 (Analog Devices) and others. The circuits of the designed filters are simulated in PSpice (OrCAD), parasite effects and effects of the real parts are studied. Tuning and electronic adjusting parameters these filters are discussed and controlled by simulation in PSpice. Properties some simulated circuits are compare with experimental results. In conclusion individual filters are discussed and compared their properties. The constructional details of the some filters are presented at the end of this work.

På Svenska Gymnastikförbundets begäran har detta projekt gjorts som ett koncept för dem att ha som utgångspunkt i diskussioner med såväl föreningar som politiker i frågan om gymnastikens behov av anpassade idrottsanläggningar. En användarstudie av gymnastiken, samt flera discipliner, har gjorts och stått som utgångspunkt för anläggningens utformning. Därtill har även en utvärdering av flertalet befintliga hallar som används för gymnastik gjorts för att motivera beslut gällande anpassningar som lyfter anläggningens utförande i jämförelse. Arbetet kommer ge en skriftlig rapport och en digital modell av anläggningen. Modellen presenteras i form av ritningar och visualiseringar. / This project is based on a request from the Swedish federation of gymnastics to create a concept for a customized training facility that could be used as a reference in discussions with gymnastics associations and politicians. A user study of the gymnastic disciplines has been done and thereafter used to motivate the formation of the facility. An evaluation of existing facilities will set the base of what the new facility should contain and also have to improve. The work has led to a report and a digital model of the facility. The model is presented as architectural drawings and visualizations.

[pt] Demonstramos como aprender a função objetivo e as restrições de problemas de otimização enquanto observamos sua solução ótima no decorrer de múltiplas rodadas. Nossa abordagem é baseada em técnicas de Online Learning e funciona para funções objetivo lineares sob conjuntos viáveis arbitrários generalizando trabalhos anteriores. Os dois algoritmos, um para aprender a função objetivo e o outro par aprender as restrições, convergem a uma taxa de O (1 sobre raiz de T) que nos permitem produzir soluções tão boas quanto as ótimas em poucas observações. Finalmente, mostramos a eficácia e possíveis aplicações de nossos métodos em um amplo estudo computacional. / [en] We demonstrate how to learn the objective function and constraints of optimization problems while observing its optimal solution over multiple rounds. Our approach is based on Online Learning techniques and works for linear objective functions under arbitrary feasible sets by generalizing previous work. The two algorithms, one to learn objective function and other to learn constraints, converge at a rate of O (1 on t root) that allow us to produce solutions as good as the optimal in a few observations. Finally, we show the efficacy and possible applications of our methods in a significant computational study.

After repeated criticism of the social services about how they manage family care, the National Board of Health and Welfare decided to solve the problem by importing a model used in England (Integrated children's system). This was translated into Swedish conditions and named BBIC (Barns behov i centrum = Child’s needs at the center). Our study aims to investigate whether BBIC will contribute to more and more extensive follow-ups of children placed than before, with a focus on the child's best. This has been studied through qualitative interviews with six social workers who work with children investigations. The results indicate that follow-up is becoming more wide when BBIC is used, the social welfare worker needs to see the child several times to obtain all the information that BBIC documents require. The result also indicates that the social workers use different BBIC documents when they do follow-ups. There are also other parts of the follow-up in which social welfare workers work different, for example how often they visit the child between the statutory reassessments.

Venous disease is a common vascular condition affecting the lower limbs and causes considerable morbidity in affected patients. National Health Service (NHS) treatment costs are substantial and there is a large demand for treatment much of which cannot be met. Roughly half a million people in the United Kingdom contact their general practitioner each year about varicose veins and associated clinical symptoms. In order to assign priorities and target interventions properly, authorities need to know which patients with venous disease will progress. Although many epidemiological studies have investigated the prevalence of venous disease, information on deterioration is scarce. The overall aim of this study is to determine the natural history of venous disease in the population and to identify lifestyle and clinical factors related to deterioration which might aid clinical decision making and health services policy. The specific objectives were to determine which risk factors were associated with deterioration of venous disease and venous reflux, and to ascertain the natural history of asymptomatic venous incompetence in terms of deteriorating to overt trunk varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency. The study design was a population based cohort in the Edinburgh Vein Study which the survivors of the 1566 individuals aged 18 to 64 randomly sampled years from the general population at baseline underwent a 13-year follow-up examination. Details of the 1566 participants in the baseline study were sent to the Practitioner Services Division (PSD) of the NHS in Scotland who provided updated addresses and general practitioner registration details. Information collected on each subject at a follow-up clinic included lifestyle factors and medical history, height and weight measurement (by means of a questionnaire), clinical examination for classification of venous disease according to the Basle and CEAP systems, and duplex scanning to assess incompetence of venous valves in the deep and superficial systems of ten vein segments in each leg. Of the subjects from the baseline, 880 participated in the follow-up study, and 576 did not participate, providing a response rate of 60.4% of which 490 were female (55.7%) and 390 were male (44.3%). The study subjects were generally older and slightly more affluent than residents of the City of Edinburgh. For trunk varicose veins, the baseline prevalence was higher in males compared to females (p<0.01), but there was no difference in prevalence among subjects at the follow-up stage of the study (p=0.56). The overall rate of deterioration in trunk varicose veins was 3.55% per annum. More females than males deteriorated (p=0.04). Among subjects who showed deterioration in their trunk varicose veins, the commonest deterioration was from Basle Grade I (mild) at baseline to Grade II (moderate) at follow-up in both the right and left leg (28.1% and 32.9% respectively). Subjects older than 55 years of age (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.01-2.51), who had a positive family history of varicose veins or venous ulcer (OR=1.92, 95% CI 1.20-3.07), and sat down at work for more than half the working day (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.04-2.73) had increased risk of deteriorating trunk varicose veins. There was no significant difference between males and females in the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) among subjects at both the baseline and follow-up stage of the study (p=0.15 and 0.16 respectively). The rate of deterioration in CVI was 1.76% per annum. Similarly, among subjects who deteriorated, the commonest deterioration was from Grade I (mild) to Grade II (moderate) CEAP classification in both the right and left leg (42.4% and 45.5% respectively). The risk of worsening of CVI among those older than 55 was nearly three times more than those aged less than 55 (OR=2.85, 95% CI 1.18-6.87), and was still significant when adjusted for gender. The prevalence of telangiectasia was higher in females than in males in both the baseline and follow-up stages of the study (both p<0.01). The rate of deterioration in telangiectasia was 1.6% per annum. The commonest deterioration was from grade I (mild) at baseline to grade II (moderate) follow-up in the left and right leg (using the Basle Classification). Females subjects (OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.35-2.64), those older than 55 (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.19-2.36), with a positive family history of venous disease (OR=1.60 95% CI 1.14-2.24) were associated with an increased risk of deterioration from telangiectasia compared to male subjects under 55 years of age and with no family history of the disease. The risk of telangiectasia deterioration was more than twice as high in subjects with venous reflux in the greater saphenous vein (origin) (OR=2.34, 95% CI 1.53-3.57), the greater saphenous vein (lower third of the thigh) (OR=2.28, 95% CI 1.59-3.27) and in the small saphenous vein (1.89, 95% CI 1.06-3.36) compared to those with no segments affected. The age and gender adjusted risk was also more than twice as high in subjects with venous reflux in two segments of the superficial system compared to subjects with no venous reflux in any segment (OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.23-3.44), and almost four times as high in subjects with reflux in more than three segments of the superficial system (OR=3.97, 95% CI 2.16-7.31) compared to subjects with no segments affected. On duplex scanning, the prevalence of reflux was higher in females than in males in the superficial system at baseline and follow-up stages of the study (p<0.01 respectively). In the deep system, the prevalence was higher in males than females at the baseline stage (p<0.01) with no significant difference at the follow-up stage (p=0.85). The rate of deterioration in venous reflux was 1.28% per annum. Most subjects deteriorated from one to two vein segments affected in the leg, the majority of which had reflux in the greater saphenous vein (thigh) at baseline and developed reflux in the greater saphenous vein (origin) at follow-up. Subjects more than 55 years of age had significantly more deterioration than those aged less than 55 (p<0.01). Obese or overweight subjects (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.32-3.67), those aged more than 55 (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.32-3.67), with a family history of varicose veins (among female subjects only, OR=2.55, 95% CI 1.16-5.56), and who sat down at work more than half the working time (among male subjects only) (OR=2.26, 95%CI 0.97-5.23) had increased risk of showing deterioration in reflux in any leg and in any vein segment from baseline to follow-up. Subjects with venous reflux at baseline were over two and half times more likely to show deterioration in trunk varicose veins compared to those with no reflux (OR=2.69, 95%CI 1.44-5.01), and four times more likely to deteriorate in either trunk varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency (OR=4.20, 95% CI 2.42-7.29). Subjects with venous reflux at baseline were twice as likely to develop new trunk varicose veins (OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.25-3.46), and 1.78 times more likely to develop either trunk varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency (OR=1.78, 95%CI 1.12-2.80). Age and gender adjusted risk of trunk varicose veins increased more than fourfold among subjects with venous reflux in the greater saphenous veins (OR=4.04, 95% CI 2.36-6.92), and more than threefold in the greater saphenous vein (lower third of the thigh) (OR=3.13, 95% CI 1.85-5.27) and the small saphenous vein (OR=3.17, 95% CI 1.55-6.48). Subjects with venous reflux in two or more than three vein segments in the superficial system were more than five times more likely to deteriorate from trunk varicose veins (OR=5.39, 95% CI 2.64-10.99 and OR=5.96, 95% CI 2.71-13.10 respectively). The Edinburgh Vein Study follow-up identified factors linked to deterioration of trunk varicose veins and CVI. The findings of this follow-up study have important implications in decision making in NHS and a prognostic tool could be produced to assist clinicians in deciding who should receive treatment or maintained under surveillance. Increasing age, and family history will likely lead to worsening of trunk varicose veins and CVI. The findings also confirm the association between asymptomatic and symptomatic venous valvular incompetence with worsening and developing new cases of venous disease. Such information will be essential for policy makers facing difficult decisions over prioritisation of services in the future. Further research might include trials of surgical and non-surgical interventions designed to limit deterioration in high risk individuals and enable surgeons to target interventions appropriately. Larger prognostic studies of many factors, including genotype, might be conducted to link progression of venous disease, and to provide further information on high risk individuals who might benefit from treatment.

I denna studie undersöks och analyseras kopplingen mellan yrkesutbildningens mål och APL för att få en rättssäker och likvärdig betygsättning. Jag har undersökt sex yrkeslärare inom gymnasial yrkesutbildning på handels- och administrationsprogram om deras bedömningspraktik i samband med det arbetsplatsförlagda lärandet (APL). Jag har även undersökt åtta elever på handels- och administrationsprogrammet om hur de uppfattar kursmål/bedömningar /uppföljning under sin APL-period. Datainsamlingen har skett genom kvantitativa enkät-undersökningar. Det insamlade materialet sammanställdes och därefter analyserades data i förhållande till studiens frågeställningar. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten fokuserar på bedömningspraktiken, uppföljning/återkoppling samt kommunikationens betydelse för lärandet och bedömning. Tidigare forskning visar att en tydlig bedömningspraktik är mycket viktig för att få en så bra koppling mellan skolans mål och APL-platsen som möjligt. Resultatet visar att de flesta har en väl fungerande bedömningspraktik. Flera yrkeslärare säger dock att tiden är det största hindret för rättssäker och likvärdig betygssättning. Rektorn har i detta sammanhang en central roll i att organisera verksamheten så att förutsättningar ges för detta arbete. / This stydy investigates and analyses the connection between the vocational educations aim and APL to get an assured and equivalent assessment. I have surveyed six vocational education teachers within secondary vocational education in business and administration programme about their assessment practice in connection with the workplace-based learning (APL). I have moreover surveyed eigth students in business and administration programme about how they perceived the course objective/ assessment/ monitoring during their APL-period. The data collection has been carried out in the form of quantitative questionnaires. The gathered data got compiled and subsequently analysed in relation to the studies question formulations. The theoretical premiss focuses on the assessment practice, monitoring/ feedback and the communications significance for the learning and assessment. Prior research shows a clear assessment practice is quite important to get as good of a connection between the schools aim and the APL-place as possible. The result shows that most have a well functioning assessment practice. Several vocational education teachers says however that time is the biggest hindrance for an assured assessment practice. The principal has in this contexture a central role in organizing the schools activity so that the basis is given for this work.

Onboarding is the process where new employees get to know the organization, their colleagues and what rules and conditions that characterize their new workplace. The goal of onboarding is to get employees to perform, obtain work satisfaction and to feel a commitment and a loyalty to the business.This study aims to get increased understanding of the process by studying experiences from employees at an IT consulting company. The questions that are being answered are about how new employes experience their onboarding process and how managers describes the employees' onboarding process.A qualitative method has been used and empirical data has been collected through semistructured interviews with 12 employees, seven employees and five managers within the selected IT consulting company. The result shows that the onboarding process is formal and structured but that the employees' expresses a need for further improvement. Measures that appear as suggestions for improvement of the studied company’s onboarding process includes development towards mentorship, together with clear formal follow-ups with newly employed. These measures can contribute to an improved experience from start and further work to increase the employees willingness to remain within the organization. / Onboarding är den process där nyanställda medarbetare lär känna organisationen, arbetsgruppen samt vilka regler och villkor som präglar arbetet på deras nya arbetsplats. Målet med onboarding är att få medarbetarna att prestera, känna tillfredsställelse i sitt arbete samt att känna ett engagemang och en lojalitet till verksamheten. Denna studie syftar till att skapa en ökad förståelse för processen genom att studera upplevelser från anställda på ett IT-konsultbolag. De frågeställningar som söks svar på är hur nyanställda medarbetare upplever den onboardingprocess de genomgått, samt på vilket sätt chefer beskriver medarbetarnas onboardingprocess. En kvalitativ metod har använts och empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 12 anställda, varav sju medarbetare och fem chefer inom valt IT-konsultbolag. Resultatet visar på att den studerade verksamheten arbetar formellt och strukturerat med arbetsplatsintroduktion, men att medarbetarnas upplevelser ger uttryck för visst behov av vidare arbete för förbättring. Åtgärder som framkommer som förbättringsförslag av det studerade företagets onboarding innefattar exempelvis ett utökat arbete med nuvarande fadderuppdrag alternativt vidareutveckling av ett mentorskap, tillsammans med tydliga formella uppföljningar med nyanställda medarbetare. Dessa åtgärder kan bidra till en förbättrad upplevelse från start och ett vidare arbete för att få medarbetare att vilja stanna längre inom organisationen.

Syftet med examensarbetet är att skapa en handlingsplan för uppföljning av åtgärder i händelse av olycksfall, tillbud och observationer i avvikelsehanteringssystem (TIA-systemet)på en enhet på Scania i Södertälje. Frågeställningarnaär(1) Vad ska följas upp, (2) När kan uppföljning ske och (3) Hur kan uppföljning ske. Teorier om SMART:a mål, kartläggning av krav och målsättning, MoSCoW, product breakdown structure, ISO 9001, systematisk arbetsmiljö och hörnstensmodellen har legat till grund för studien. Metoden utgörs av aktionsforskning,fallstudie med kvalitativa data och abduktion. Datainsamlingen har bestått av intervjuer och enkät. Verktyg för datasortering är GAP-modellen, SWOT-analys, histogram och träddiagram. Resultatet visar på att inget standardiserat arbetssätt finns för en långsiktig uppföljning där mätning av effekter och mål endast sker ibland.Samtidigt finns en meningsskillnad angåendehuruvida uppföljning sker över huvud taget. Vid de fall uppföljning sker används en databas för att spara information ibland. Slutsatsen är att (1) det som ska följas upp är mål för åtgärder där det finns en bestämd metod för mätning och uppföljningsrutin. Information ska dokumenteras i databas och ledningen ska prioritera att uppföljning sker. (2) uppföljning ska ske efter behov, inga kända bestämmelser finns om när uppföljning borde ske.När uppföljning ska ske bestäms i åtgärdsplaneringen. (3) Uppföljning ska ske enligt handlingsplan (bilaga 4), det vill säga bestäm mål och indikationer, bestäm när och hur indikatorer ska följas upp samt dokumentera uppföljning i en databas. / The purpose of the thesis project is to create an action plan for monitoring measures in a deviation management systems (the TIA-system). The research questions are (1) What should be followed up, (2) When should a follow-up take place and (3) How can a follow-up occur. Smart goals, mapping of requirements and objectives, MoSCoW, product breakdown structure, ISO 9001, systematic work environment and the cornerstone model are theories the thesis is built upon. Action research and qualitative study have designed the method whereby data collection has consisted of interviews and questionnaires. Data sorting tools are the GAP model, SWOT analysis, histogram and tree chart. The result founds that there is no standardized way of working with a long-term follow-up, where measurement of effects and goals only occurs occasionally. Furthermore, there is an obscurity about whether follow-ups are carried out at all. In cases where a follow-up occurs, a database is occasionally used to save information. The conclusion is that (1) a follow-up should include goals for measures where there is a definite method for measurement and follow-up routine. Information must be documented in the database and the management must prioritize that a follow-up takes place at all time. (2) a follow-up should be carried out depending on the measures, there is not any known theories about when follow-ups should take place. Although, the timeline for when a follow-up should be done must be determined in the action plan. (3) A follow-up shall take place according to the action plan (Appendix 4), that is, determine goals and indications, determine when and how indicators should be followed up and document information from a follow- up in a database.

Bakgrund: Visselblåsarsystem införs nu för företag inom EU. EU ser ett behov för ett ökat skydd för visselblåsare och EU kommissionen fastslog 16e april 2019 ett direktiv som innebär att säkra kanaler för rapportering av visselblåsarärenden skall finnas för alla företag med fler än 50 anställda. Att minimera risker för ekonomiska oegentligheter är en nyckelfråga för företag och som visselblåsarsystem förväntas bidra till. Mutor, bokföringsbrott och bedrägerier kan påverka trovärdigheten i företagens redovisning och om brott förekommer och uppdagas kan företagets existens stå på spel. Allvarliga konsekvenser kan vara att investerare och aktieägare förlorar insatt kapital och anställda kan förlora sina arbeten. Intern styrning och kontroll påverkar företagets arbete för att uppfylla målen för effektivitet och produktivitet i verksamheten, tillförlitlig finansiell rapportering samt efterlevnad av tillämpliga lagar och regler. En aspekt som bidrar till ett säkrare kontrollarbete är när medarbetare och andra intressenter tryggt kan larma vid misstanke om ekonomisk brottslighet och andra oegentligheter. Syfte: Denna rapport syftar till att beskriva om införandet av ett visselblåsarsystem kan bidra till att minimera risker för ekonomisk brottslighet och bidra i företagets arbete med intern styrning och kontroll. Metod: Det empiriska materialet som har samlats in i studien har gjorts med en kvalitativ metod och 10 personer har intervjuats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Informanterna har kunskap kring visselblåsning och förebyggande av ekonomisk brottslighet. Analys och Slutsats: Analysen pekar på att ett visselblåsarsystem kan bidra till företagets arbete med intern styrning och kontroll och till en korrekt redovisning och säkrare rapportering av företagets resultat, framförallt förebyggande genom att upptäcka oegentligheter i ett tidigt skede. Flertalet informanter belyste även vikten av företagskultur och dess påverkan på visselblåsarsystemets effektivitet. / Background: Whistleblowing systems are now being introduced within EU on a broad scale. April 16th, 2019 the European Parliament approved an EU Whistleblower Protection Directive. The new law must be transformed to national law by the member states, and legal entities with 50 employees or more must get ready to comply with the new law. Minimizing risks of financial irregularities is a key issue for companies and where a whistleblower system is expected to contribute. Bribes, accounting offenses and fraud can affect the credibility of corporate accounts and if a crime is discovered, the company's existence could be at stake. Serious consequences may be that investors and shareholders lose their capital and employees can lose their jobs. Internal control systems are present to fulfill the goals for efficiency and productivity in the business, reliable financial reporting and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Models for internal control prescribes that employees and other stakeholders must be able to safely warn about suspicion of financial crime. Purpose: In this report we analyze if the introduction of a whistleblower system can help to minimize the risks of financial crime and contribute to the company's work with internal control. Method: The empirical material used in the study has been collected with a qualitative method and 10 people have been interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The respondents work in various ways close to whistleblowing with knowledge about prevention of economic crime. Analysis and Conclusion: The analysis indicates that a whistleblower system can contribute to the company's work with internal control and to a correct accounting and safer reporting of the company's results, especially in a preventive stage. Most respondents also highlighted the importance of corporate culture and its impact on the whistleblower system's efficiency.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar retrospectivamente, em longo-prazo, os preditores de recorrência de fibrilação atrial paroxística (FA) em 139 pacientes submetidos à ablação por radiofreqüência, através das técnicas ostial ou extraostial de abordagem do átrio esquerdo, associadas ou não à ablação do istmo cavo-tricuspídeo (ICT). Variáveis pré, intra e pós-ablação foram avaliadas por análise uni e multivariada, para determinar os preditores de recorrência da FA após um procedimento. Observou-se que maior tempo de história de FA, uso de mais antiarrítmicos e recorrência de FA dentro de 60 dias pós-procedimento, aumentaram o risco de recorrência de FA a longo-prazo. Por outro lado, a associação de flutter atrial e a ablação concomitante do ICT, reduziram o risco de recorrência ao final de 33 ±12 meses. / The objective of this study was to evaluate in retrospect, in long-term, the predictors of late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in 139 patients submitted to the ablation by radiofrequency, through the techniques ostial or extra-ostial of approach of the atrium left, associated or not to the ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus(ICT). Variables pre, intra and post-ablation were appraised for analysis uni and multivariated, to determine the predictors of recurrence of AF after one procedure. It was observed that larger time of history of AF, use of more drugs and recurrence of AF within 60 days after procedure; they increased the risk of recurrence of AF in long-term. On the other hand, the association of atrial flutter and the concomitant ablation of ICT, they reduced the recurrence risk at the end of 33 ±12 months.