I en globaliserad och högt konkurrensutsatt värld så behöver företag och organisationer ständigt arbeta för att bli bättre och mer effektiva. Ett av de mest erkända förbättringsprogrammen är Six sigma som med grund i data arbetar mot mindre variation och bättre resultat i processer. Hur fungerar detta i miljöer där personalfrågor och människan är i centrum? Hur kan HR funktionen i ett tillverkningsbolag använda sig av Six sigma metodik i arbetet mot en lägre personalomsättning? Hög personalomsättning är något som i många fall är problematiskt, då det hindrar en kontinuerlig utveckling i arbetet och kräver stora utbildningskostnader. Finns det sätt att förstå personalomsättning med nya digitaliserade data, och hur kan kvalitetsverktyg användas för att minska personalomsättningen? Studien undersöker ett urval av de mest använda Six sigma verktygen och hur dessa kan användas i arbete med hög personalomsättning bland nyanställd personal. Med en metod som utgår från DMAIC modellen så bedöms utvalda kvalitetsverktyg. Parallellt så redovisas orsaker och lärdomar kring personalomsättning inom industrin. Genom intervjuer och datainsamling med organisationens chefer så framkommer indikationer på vilka parametrar som driver personalomsättningen. Studiens resultat visar på att det fungerar väl att applicera Six sigma verktyg på HR problem, även om det finns vissa begränsningar i användandet av statistiska verktyg. Resultatet mynnar ut i en sammanställning av de mest effektiva verktygen för detta problemområde och ett förslag påmodell som chefer och rekryterare kan använda i förbättringsarbeten / In a global market with high competition the need for companies to improve and streamline their processes increase. One of the most well-known improvement programs is Six sigma, that has its background in data analyses to improve variance in a process. How does it work in an HR environment where most problems are human and behavior based? How can an HR department in a manufacturing company use common Six sigma methodology in its work towards lower employee turnover? High employee turnover is problematic for many companies, and it affects the continuity of the organization and result in costly education. Is there a way to understand employee turnover with new digital accessible data, and how can you use quality tools to improve the area? The study explores a choice of the most used six sigma tools and sees how these can be used in the work against high employee turnover specifically for new employees. The method is based on the DMAIC model and rate the chosen quality tools along with reflections to learn and understand what drives employee turnover in this industry. Through interviews and datacollection with the managers of the organizations some indicators appear that could show us the causes of the turnover. The result shows that six sigma tools are effective in problem solving even in HR related problems, even if it does show some restrictions compared to regular production problem types.The study delivers a list of the most effective tools and a model for recruiters and managers to use when working with future HR problems.

Det finns ett stort intresse i samhället kring AI och dess användningsområden, men hur ser det ut i organisationer idag och vilka initiativ tas för att kompetensutveckla personalen med hjälp av AI? Det är just vad denna studie ska försöka besvara. Dataunderlaget för studien baseras på semi-strukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med tio personer som framförallt arbetar inom HR, men även inom försäljning och affärsutveckling, fördelat över olika branscher. Analysen av det tematiserade underlaget visar på resultatet att integrering och användning av AI-verktyg för kompetensutveckling är ytterst varierande i de organisationer vi har varit i kontakt med, och att nyttjandet av AI-verktygen i stort inte är medvetet och planerat gällande kompetensutveckling. / There is considerable societal interest in AI and its applications; however, the current state within organizations and the initiatives undertaken to develop staff competencies using AI remain unclear. This study seeks to address these questions. The data for this study is derived from semi-structured qualitative interviews with ten individuals primarily working in HR, as well as in sales and business development, across various industries. The analysis of the thematic data reveals that the integration and utilization of AI tools for competency development vary significantly among the organizations surveyed. Moreover, the use of AI tools for competency development is largely unintentional and unplanned.

The Swedish Armed Forces are in the middle of a crisis when 30% of professional officers retire in the next few years. It is difficult to recruit and retain personnel with the required skills and experience for Military Region Groups within the Home Guard Combat Force. The prupose of this study is to deepen the author´s understanding of what attracts professional officers to apply for employment in a military region group, and what is required to retain them. The study is based on a hermeneutic paradigm with an inductive approach and qualitative method. The method included four workshops with personell within and outside military regions and four interviews with representatives from the HR function in the Armed Forces. The result is reported as Grounded Theory. The results revealed four themes: instrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, the conditions of the organization and the mission, and working relationships that highlight what attracts and retain professional officers in a military region group. The study describes four conclusions: Professional officers fromn all three generations in the study are attracted to meaningful work tasks. Certain nuances between the generations´motivational factors occur and need to be taken into account in recrutiment, Professional officers from all three generations in the study cite both internal and external motivational factors as reasons for staying. Intrinsic motivation inludes geographical location and family siutation, extrinsic motivation inludes relevant salary development, The Home Guard Combat Force lacks a functioning personell supply system and cannot ensure that the vacancies within each military region are filled to a sufficient extent,  The Home Guard Combat Force needs to work more activelu with internal marketing within the Swedish Armed Forces.

Bakgrunden till studien var sjuksköterskebristen i hälso- och sjukvården och det faktum att många arbetsgivare har svårt att rekrytera och behålla sjuksköterskor. Det valda perspektivet var anställningsrelationen och teorin om ”psykologiska kontrakt”; individens uppfattningar om ömsesidiga åtaganden/skyldigheter mellan anställd och arbetsgivare. (Förhands)förväntningar, influerade av signaler/information från organisationer, kan vara en grund till nyanställdas psykologiska kontrakt. I denna studie undersöktes sjuksköterskestudenters förväntningar på ömsesidiga åtaganden i en anställningsrelation, liksom hur de fick information om arbetsgivare/arbetsplatser och varför informationen var viktig. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 12 sjuksköterskestudenter från en svensk högskola, 11 var sistaårsstudenter. Analysmetoden var fenomenologisk. Två huvudteman för förväntade åtaganden framkom: sjuksköterskeprofessionen och personen. Tema tillit/förtroende framkom för hur studenterna fick viktig information om arbetsgivare/arbetsplatser, kategorierna var: direkta kontakter med organisationer/arbetsgivare, nätverk och media. Resultatet pekade på vikten av ett relationellt förhållningssätt i kompetensförsörjningen, liksom att arbetsgivare särskilt bör uppmärksamma förtroendefrågor och professionella värderingar i kontakter/kommunikation med sjuksköterskestudenter.

Small construction professional services (CPS) firms are recognised as being vitally important to the UK construction industry as much of the professional capacity of the sector resides within these small practices. They rely on the capabilities of small groups of professional employees in delivering their services and so need to ensure their commitment to achieving organisational objectives. Clearly, human resource management (HRM) strategies have a major role to play in managing employee commitment, and yet such strategies have received little attention within the construction management literature. This study investigates the nature of construction professionals commitment within small CPS firms and to develop HRM interventions that foster organisational commitment in small CPS firms. The study adopts qualitative approach to enable gathering of rich data that come directly from the participants involved in the phenomenon. Exploratory interviews with managers of small CPS firms conducted in the early phase of the research helped to identify some of the key strategies and operational challenges related to the management of commitment. Following this, the main data was collected through conducting two in-depth case studies, which included one small quantity surveying practice in the East Midlands, UK, and one small multi-disciplinary practice in the West Midlands, UK. The case studies involve in-depth interviews involving the employer and employees, participation observation and document analysis at the main office of both organisations. Together, these data helped to unravel the nature of the employment relationship within such firms and also to gain a better understanding of how professional employees express their commitment. The findings reveal that professional employees commitment is influenced by a complex range of factors, but that five main HRM levers have a particular influence within such firms. These relate to job design, performance and career management, training and development, reward management and employee involvement. It is clear that a range of factors impinge on the abilities of employers to enact effective HRM strategies. In particular the recent economic crisis and personal problems have both been cited as the main challenges by the employer and employees of both organisations. It highlights the significant importance of managing organisational commitment much more effectively, regardless of the economic climate. Based on the research results a framework for managing professional commitment was developed and validated within a range of small CPS firms. The framework presents a holistic way of accounting for all the issues that influence the development and maintenance of organisational commitment within small CPS firms. Such knowledge is essential to the management of small CPS firms for achieving meaningful improvement in their approach to foster organisational commitment. The key recommendations for the management of small CPS firms is to make sure that every aspect of the job meets the professional employees expectations as well as project requirements and organisational objectives. This includes improving communication by utilising both formal and informal medium of communication, rewarding employees with both monetary and non-monetary rewards and developing employees by providing both on-the-job training and off-the job training. All these HRM practices need to be effectively linked and managed appropriately to collectively foster commitment. In conclusion, the complex nature of organisational commitment raised the importance for the management of small CPS firms to have a structured approach in managing their employees commitment.

Dans un environnement très compétitif, les entreprises ont besoin de contrôler et revoir constamment leurs positions stratégiques et repenser leurs compétences centrales via de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles et managériales telle que l’essaimage. L’essaimage, se présente donc, comme un choix stratégique qui doit se faire d'une manière réfléchie dans le cadre de management innovant d’entreprise. Les initiatives d’appui à l’essaimage s’avèrent comme pistes prometteuses pour la création de l’emploi, la création de valeur et la création de richesse.Nous avons ainsi identifié les déterminants manageriels et organisationnels qui favorisent d’avantage le développement de l’essaimage, particulièrement dans le contexte tunisien à travers une recherche combinant une analyse de type qualitatif et longitudinal avec des éléments quantitatifs validant les résultats obtenus dans trois entreprises. / In a highly competitive environment, companies need to constantly monitor and review their strategic positions and rethink their core competencies through new organizational and managerial practices such as the spin-off. Therefore the spin-off presents itself as a strategic choice that must be taken in a thoughtful way in the context of innovative business management. The supporting initiatives of the spin-off appear as promising leads for job creation, value creation and wealth creation. We have identified the managerial and organizational determinants that primary promote the development of spin-offs, particularly in the Tunisian context through a research combining qualitative and longitudinal analysis with quantitative elements validating the results obtained in three different companies.

La gestion des connaissances, fortement facilitée par l’introduction des TIC, est perçue au niveau de l’organisation comme un moyen de gérer au mieux son capital intellectuel. La connaissance étant devenue à la fois un support et un facteur important du changement organisationnel, l’intérêt des TIC se situe dans la possibilité de générer une importante base de connaissances interactive et facilement accessible et exploitable par les utilisateurs. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’étudier l’adoption de la gestion des connaissances comme une nouvelle approche pour la gestion des organisations en Algérie. Nous orientons notre problématique vers la création de valeur organisationnelle, qui a pour conséquence l’amélioration de la performance. La spécificité de notre objet de recherche est abordée à travers une méthodologie qualitative. L’originalité de ce travail se trouve dans la prise en compte de deux niveaux d’analyse : le niveau global et le niveau des organisations. Pour étudier le niveau global, nous nous inscrivons dans une démarche de compréhension de l’application d’une stratégie de gestion des connaissances à un projet de gouvernance électronique en Algérie. Le niveau des organisations est étudié à travers une étude de cas multiple destinée à rechercher des régularités, des divergences et des convergences entre les éléments des différents cas étudiés. L’objectif de cette recherche, qui s’inscrit dans un cadre d’analyse multidimensionnel et reste essentiellement exploratoire, est de comprendre etd’expliquer les relations qualitatives qui régissent le phénomène que nous étudions. / Knowledge management, which is very simplified by the IT introduction, is seen in the organisation as a means for the best management of the intellectual capital. As knowledge has become both a support and an important factor of the organisational change, the IT’s interest lies in the capacity of generating an important interactive base of knowledge which is easy to access and to exploit. In this thesis, we study the adoption of knowledge management as a new approach for the management of organisations in Algeria. Our problematic is turned towards the organisational value creation, which results in performance improvement. The specificity of our research’s object is dealt through a qualitative methodology. The originality of this work is to take into account two analysis levels: the global level and the organisations level. To study the global level, we lead an approach to understanding the application of a strategy of knowledge management in an electronic governance project in Algeria. We study the organisations level through a multi-case study, to look for regularities, divergences and convergences between the elements of the different studied cases. The objective of this research, which is essentially exploratory, lies within the framework multidimensional analysis to understand and explain the qualitative relations which characterize the phenomenon we are studying.

Bakgrund: Arbetsmarknaden har gått från att vara industrifokuserad till att bli tjänstefokuserad där individen och dess kompetenser står i fokus. Arbetstagaren och dess inneboende kompetens blir därav organisationens viktigaste resurs. Strukturförändringarna på arbetsmarknaden har även bidragit till att HR-arbetet upplevt ett behov av att genomgå strukturella skiften. För HR- avdelningar innebär detta en stor förändring i arbetet, både gällande arbetssätt och arbetsfokus, där rationella mätbara modeller får växande betydelse i det värdeskapande arbetet. Dock framkommer tendenser i tidigare forskning att aktiviteten med att mäta humankapital kan vara komplicerad. Med denna bakgrund anser vi det intressant att studera fenomenet av en ökad efterfrågan av ett mätbart resultat ur ett HR-perspektiv. För att kunna analysera studiens empiri används tidigare forskning som relaterar till fördelar, nackdelar och svårigheter med att arbeta med personalnyckeltal. Vidare understryker tidigare forskning aspekten av att olika organisationer verkar inom olika kontextuella förutsättningar. Det teoretiska ramverket som appliceras relaterar till de normativa managementteorierna kring det moderna personalarbete, HR-transformationen samt nyinstutionalismen med dess legitimerande kravställningar. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att på ett övergripande plan undersöka användningen av och inställningen till personalnyckeltal. Med utgångspunkt i studiens övergripande syfte avser studien urskilja och beskriva om/hur HR- medarbetare använder sig av metoder för att mäta humankapital. Studien avser vidare utforska vilka konsekvenser HR-avdelningar inom organisationer upplever av att det idag efterfrågas ett mer mätbart värdeskapande inom organisationen. Avslutningsvis ämnar studien försöka förstå HR-funktionens förhållande till personalnyckeltal utifrån institutionaliserade normer.  Metod: För att uppnå studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts. Detta har skett genom sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med HR-representanter från olika organisationer. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att samtliga HR-representanter använder sig av personalnyckeltal. Ingen förhåller sig kritisk till varför mätaktiviteter implementeras i HR arbetet. Detta kan tolkas som att det har blivit en legitimerad arbetspraktik även inom HR- arbetet. Vidare framhålls aspekter av interna och externa organisatoriska kravställningar till ett tydligt värdeskapande för HR-avdelningen leder till större utrymme och högre status inom organisationen.

Cette recherche porte sur les déterminants de l’intention d’utilisation d’un service RH numérisé par des salariés. Partant des théories d’acceptation et d’adoption des technologies, nous avons adopté le TAM comme noyau de notre modèle. Ainsi, notrerecherche contribue à la compréhension de l’acceptation ou du rejet d’information RH numérisée dans un environnement professionnel, et à la détermination des facteurs explicatifs de cette acceptation et de l’intention d’utilisation par les utilisateurs potentiels. La posture proposée dans notre recherche apporte un éclairage original sur l'adoption des services RH numérisés. Notre recherche met en évidence le rôle important de la fonction RH dans l'adoption du service RH numérisé, le long de sa mise en place et après sa mise en place. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les deux croyances de TAM, l'influence sociale, l'image, la compatibilité, l'utilisation volontaire sont des déterminants de l'intention d'utilisation du service RH numérisé. Nos résultats, obtenus après évaluation du modèle structurel et le test des hypothèses en utilisant l'approche PLS, fournissent des indications sur la façon de procéder pour favoriser la mise en place d'un projet de dématérialisation RH et de la transformation numérique de la fonction RH. / This research focuses on the determinants of the intention to use the digital HR information of employees. Based on the approval theories and technology's adoption, we chose the TAM as the core of our model. Thus, our study contributes to the understanding or the reject of the the digital HR information in a professional environment and to find out the explanatory facts of this approval and the intention of using it by potential users. To give an answer to this problematic, the model developed and implemented, is inspired by the theories and theoretical models that treated the behavior of acceptance and use of information systems (TAM TAM2, UTAUT, UTAUT2 .. ) and the results of two exploratory studies. The proposed posture in our search highlights the adoption of digital RH information. Our study also conducted us to well understand the main reasons of the adoption of the e-HRM service by employees. As well as our research puts in obviousness the important role that the RH function plays in the use of the digital RH service along and after its muse en place. The results obtained after the evolution of this framework model and the hypothesis test using the PLS approach suggest that there are hints of the way of proceeding to foster of the settling of the dematerialization of the RH project and the digital transformation of the RH function.

Ce travail aborde la question de l'intégration des médias sociaux dans les stratégies de recrutement des organisations. Bien que les recruteurs ayant recours à des sites comme Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin ou Viadeo sont sans cesse plus nombreux, la connaissance, à la fois théorique et pratique, de ces usages innovants demeure limitée. Deux champs théoriques complémentaires ont été mobilisés, la théorie du capital social et la théorie improvisationnelle, afin de mieux comprendre ces usages et construire un cadre d'analyse adapté. Suite à une étude préliminaire visant à affiner le questionnement initial, 4 études de cas ont été conduites auprès de 2 cabinets de recrutement et 2 entreprises ayant mis en place des stratégies innovantes. Afin de valider certains résultats et d'ajouter une vision prospective à la recherche, une étude Delphi a ensuite été réalisée à l'aide d'un panel de 34 experts du domaine. Ces différents éléments mettent en évidence deux principales pratiques développées par les organisations : la gestion de la marque employeur et le recrutement opérationnel. Les médias sociaux apparaissent comme complémentaires et non substituables aux précédents moyens de recrutement. Ils permettent aux organisations de s'adapter aux nouveaux comportements des candidats et de développer leur capital relationnel. Néanmoins, leur simple usage n'est pas systématiquement synonyme d'approche relationnelle. Par ailleurs, la valorisation du bricolage et de l'improvisation s'avère pertinente afin d'intégrer au mieux les médias sociaux dans les stratégies de recrutement. Leur intégration modifie la place et le rôle des professionnels RH en termes de compétences, de responsabilités et d'importance stratégique. Cependant, cette étude souligne différents défis à relever.relationnelle. Par ailleurs, la valorisation du bricolage et de l'improvisation s'avère pertinente afin d'intégrer au mieux les médias sociaux dans les stratégies de recrutement. Leur intégration modifie la place et le rôle des professionnels RH en termes de compétences, de responsabilités et d'importance stratégique. Cependant, cette étude souligne différents défis à relever. / This work addresses the issue of the integration of social media in recruitment strategies of organizations. Although the number of recruiters using websites like Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin or Viadeo is constantly growing, both theoretical and practical knowledge of these innovative usages remains limited. In order to better understand these usages and build an appropriate analytical framework, two complementary theoretical fields were mobilized, social capital theory and improvisational theory. Following a preliminary study to refine the initial questioning, four case studies were conducted among two recruitment agencies and two companies that have implemented innovative strategies. Finally, to validate a part of the results and add a prospective vision, a Delphi study was then carried out on a panel of 34 experts.These different studies reveal two main practices developed by organizations: employer brand management and operational recruitment. Social media appear not to be similar but complementary with the previous means of recruitment. They allow organizations to adapt to new applicant behaviors and develop their relational capital. However, their mere usage is not always synonymous with relational approach. In addition, the valuation of tinkering and improvisation proves pertinent to better integrate social media in recruitment strategies. Their integration modifies the place and role of HR professionals in terms of skills, responsibilities and strategic importance. However, this study highlights different challenges to overcome.