The topic of sexual misconduct in the aid sector is not new. However, since it was revealed that Oxfam GB had staff who committed sexual misconduct in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and women spoke about the issue of SEAH under the #AidToo, the topic has been brought to life again. The purpose of this thesis is to make an attempt on how organizations in the aid sector can strengthen approaches to prevent and respond to sexual misconduct. The study sheds light on the problem of how few aid workers are held accountable when they have been discovered of committing sexual misconduct. This is a qualitative case study with focus on Oxfam GB.  The findings presents various areas in which Oxfam GB can strengthen their approaches to prevent and respond to sexual misconduct. To increase knowledge about SEAH, to develop guidelines and methods for how the management could respond when cases of SEAH occur. Reporting mechanisms have an important function to be able to detect cases of sexual misconduct. Furthermore, there needs to be greater focus on the individuals who have been exposed to some form of SEAH. The study further indicates a gap on these approaches to prevent and respond with regards to the legal aspect.

Bakgrund: Sexuella trakasserier är ett utbrett samhällsfenomen men också ett prevalent fenomen inom hälso- och sjukvården. Tidigare forskning har visat att sexuella trakasserier kan innebära konsekvenser i arbetslivet och för sjuksköterskans yrkesutövning. Sjuksköterskan har ett professionellt uppdrag och ansvar att tillhandahålla lämplig vård och patientens hälsa är det främsta målet. Vårdrelationen kan ses som asymmetrisk med ett maktförhållande då patienten är i behov av sjuksköterskans kompetens. Dock finns det i samhället ett obalanserat maktförhållande mellan kvinnor och män. Då sjuksköterskeprofessionen är kvinnodominerad anses det rimligt att tro att denna genushierarki även existerar i sjuksköterskans arbetsmiljö.Syfte: Syftet var att genom litteraturstudie belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelse av sexuella trakasserier på arbetsplatsen och hur dessa påverkar omvårdnaden.Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på tio vetenskapliga studier med kvalitativ ansats. Sökningar efter vetenskapliga studier utfördes i Cinahl och PubMed.Resultat: Fem teman identifierades i de tio studierna: ”Känsloupplevelse”, ”Maktobalans i teamet”, ”Arbetsplatskulturens inverkan”, ”Vikten av stöd från chef” samt ”Kompetens och yrkesroll”.Slutsats: Sexuella trakasserier kan innebära en negativ upplevelse för sjuksköterskor och påverka den omvårdnad som ges patienterna. / Background: Sexual harassment is a widespread social phenomenon and also a prevalent phenomenon in the health care industry. Previous research has shown that sexual harassment can have consequenses in the workplace and while exercising the nurse profession. The nurse has a professional duty and responsibility to provide adequate care and the patient’s health is the main objective. The nurse-patient relationship can be seen as asymmetrical with a power relationship where the patient is dependent on the nurse’s skills. However, in society there is an unbalanced power relationship between men and women. Since the nursing profession is dominated by women it is considered reasonable to believe that this gender hierarchy exists in the nurse’s professional environement.Aim: The aim was through a literary review to illustrate the nurse’s experience of sexual harassment at the workplace and how these affect patient care.Method: Literature review based on ten scientific studies with a qualitative approach. The search for scientific studies were performed in Cinahl and PubMed.Results: Five themes were identified in the ten scientific studies: ”Emotional experience”, ”Power imbalance in the professional team”, ”Impact of workplace culture”, ”Importance of management support” and ”Competence and professional role”.Conclusion: Sexual harassment can involve a negative experience for nurses and may affect the nursing care they carry out to their patients.

Mobbning är ett universellt fenomen som sker i olika miljöer i gruppsammanhang, bland annat på arbetsplatser och i skolor. Psykisk ohälsa ökar i takt med att mobbningen ökar, och kan ge livslånga effekter hos mobbningsoffret. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur mobbning hanteras i svenska skolor. Specifikt undersöker studien olika strategier som elevhälsoteamen arbetar med för att förebygga mobbning och motverka pågående mobbning i skolmiljön och hur det arbetet ser ut utifrån ett individ- och grupperspektiv, samt huruvida mobbning orsakas av individuella eller sociala faktorer. Denna studie utgår ifrån socialpsykologiska teorier och begrepp kring social identitet, gruppdynamik och sociala normer. Tio intervjuer genomfördes och urvalet bestod av respondenter verksamma inom elevhälsan, både som kuratorer och skolsköterskor. Studiens resultat visar att mobbning är ett gruppfenomen snarare än ett individfenomen. Det har framkommit olika arbetssätt att arbeta både förebyggande och åtgärdande på individnivå och på gruppnivå. Det har även visat sig att lärare har en väsentlig påverkan på det förebyggande arbetet mot mobbning. Elevhälsans arbete får bäst resultat när samtlig skolpersonal arbetar med varandra för att motverka mobbning är ett ytterligare resultat. / Bullying is a universal phenomenon that occurs in group settings, including workplaces and schools. Mental illness increases as bullying increases and might cause the victim lifelong effects. The aim of this study is to look into how bullying is handled in Swedish schools. The study specifically explores different strategies that the student care team works on preventing the occurrence of bullying and ongoing bullying in the school environment from an individual and group perspective, and whether bullying is caused by individual or social factors. This study is based on social psychological theories and concepts such as the social identity theory, group dynamics and social norms. Ten interviews were conducted in the process. The results of this study demonstrate that bullying is a group phenomenon. It has shown different working methods to prevent and remediate from individual and group level. The results of this study reveal that bullying is a group phenomenon rather than an individual one. There has also been emphasis and great importance on the essential influence of the teachers in the work. It has been shown that the work of student care gets the best results when everyone at the school helps each other to counteract bullying.

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According to the Federal Centre for Health Education, over 50 % of all adolescents and young adults in Germany have experienced non-physical sexualized violence. Although it has been studied, reasons for committing sexual violence are not so obvious and variables such as socioeconomic status have been found not to be valid predictors of this kind of deviant behaviour. Studies show that girls are mainly victimized by men and men are equally victimized by both genders. Furthermore, a cognizance is that nowadays adolescents get their information on how to behave in sexual acts from the internet. Women are mainly using advice pages and consulting offers whereas men in comparison are using internet pages like Wikipedia or watching porn. The aim of the current study is to find some criminological explanatory approaches to attitudes to sexuality and violence among adolescents and young adults. The main findings are that a person who is inclined to violence in general and lives in an environment where sexual violence often occurs is more likely to have the attitude that violence as a component of sexual acts is not considered a boundary violation.  Likewise, the likelihood increases to see violence as part of sexual acts not as a violation of boundaries if the attitude is in favor of consuming pornographic material in groups.

Background: Harassment is defined and labelled differently in different studies. In the context of video games it has been investigated multiple ways: diary studies, interviews, surveys and screen recordings. Methods: Video data through participating observation were conducted from the end of February 2024 to the beginning of April 2024. A total of 24 matches, with 219 participants, were recorded. The questions of how often harassment occurs, which of the five defined types of harassment occur, whether there are differences between game modes, what differences there are in terms of the reaction to harassment, and whether there are gender differences in terms of the victims, were investigated. Results: One third of the matches contained harassment. Offensive harassment occurred most frequently, with harassment occurring more frequently in competitive game mode and demonstrating a wider range of harassment. In most cases, harassment is focussed either on the player's own team or on the opposing team. The range of harassment within a team is also greater than when harassment is directed at the opposing team. In competitive game mode, harassment is mainly focussed on the own team. Conclusions: The results of the study support the findings of other studies. They also indicate that harassment in video games should be investigated with a larger number of influencing factors. In particular, the methodology used closes a research gap and could ensure a better insight into the different types of harassment without collecting the data through third parties and thus presumably causing bias.

Psychological violence is mistreatment that is severe enough to influence the target person's health, to destroy his work or total career and overstrain his relationship with his family or friends. The impact of psychological violence has compelled many a company and organization to introduce policy to stop the serious consequences thereof. It seems not to be the case in the South African education. The mixed method research design was used in this study to investigate the nature and impact of psychological violence on the health of secondary school educators in the Free State. Strategies were proposed to reduce educators' experiences of psychological violence and the impact thereof on their health. Two measuring instruments were used in this study to collect the quantitative data, namely the Revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R) and the Symptoms Checklist. Both these measuring instruments were distributed amongst 727 secondary school educators at 82 schools in the five education districts of the Free State. The qualitative data collection was done with 32 educators. The sources of psychological violence, likewise in the literature, are management, learners and parents. Psychological violence often causes enormous stress and it leads to a situation where educators feel depressed and traumatised. The general aim of this study is to invsetigate the nature and impact of psychological violence on secondary school educators in the Free State. Some of the findings in this study are that there are not differences between men and women with regard to exposure to psychological violence; older educators experience more exposure to psychological violence; teaching experience, qualifications and ethnicity are indeed determining factors with regard to exposure. It is also possible, as appears from the findings, that here a minority group is exposed more to psychological violence. The results of both data sets, quantitative and qualitative, are mutually confirming. It was found in this study that secondary school educators indeed experience psychological violence. The assumption is that the findings of this study will help to strengthen information that will be useful for the enhancement of educator health at schools. / PhD (Educational Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Psychological violence is mistreatment that is severe enough to influence the target person's health, to destroy his work or total career and overstrain his relationship with his family or friends. The impact of psychological violence has compelled many a company and organization to introduce policy to stop the serious consequences thereof. It seems not to be the case in the South African education. The mixed method research design was used in this study to investigate the nature and impact of psychological violence on the health of secondary school educators in the Free State. Strategies were proposed to reduce educators' experiences of psychological violence and the impact thereof on their health. Two measuring instruments were used in this study to collect the quantitative data, namely the Revised Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R) and the Symptoms Checklist. Both these measuring instruments were distributed amongst 727 secondary school educators at 82 schools in the five education districts of the Free State. The qualitative data collection was done with 32 educators. The sources of psychological violence, likewise in the literature, are management, learners and parents. Psychological violence often causes enormous stress and it leads to a situation where educators feel depressed and traumatised. The general aim of this study is to invsetigate the nature and impact of psychological violence on secondary school educators in the Free State. Some of the findings in this study are that there are not differences between men and women with regard to exposure to psychological violence; older educators experience more exposure to psychological violence; teaching experience, qualifications and ethnicity are indeed determining factors with regard to exposure. It is also possible, as appears from the findings, that here a minority group is exposed more to psychological violence. The results of both data sets, quantitative and qualitative, are mutually confirming. It was found in this study that secondary school educators indeed experience psychological violence. The assumption is that the findings of this study will help to strengthen information that will be useful for the enhancement of educator health at schools. / PhD (Educational Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This study analyses how abusive treatment is handled in three novels for adolescents, Färglös, Näthat blues, and Fjärde riket, in order to reveal how these novels can be used as a basis for discussions of values in the teaching of Swedish in upper secondaryschool. The three novels were chosen because statistics showed that they were the most frequently borrowed books for young people under the subject heading bullying at a library in southern Sweden. The analysis shows that there are different forms of abusive treatment in the three books. Färglös describes abusive treatment against a social category, where the members of the vulnerable group are forced to protect themselves and each other as a group. Näthat blues is about net bullying, sexual harassment, and gender-related bullying against a specific individual, while Fjärde riket shows how abuse can be used as a strategy to achieve a higher power position. The latter book tells the story from the point of view of both the victim and the perpetrators. The conclusionis that the three novels, in different ways, invite changes of perspective and can function well as a basis for discussions about abuse using fictitious characters.