In this paper, we have studied the consequences of the bureaucratic or-ganizational structure for the individual- and holistic perspective pre-scribed in the Swedish legislation for social work. We have asked what consequences bureaucratic organizational structure in Max Weber’s terms can have for the individual and how it can affect the street level bureaucrats’ work performance. This is a theoretical study using and comparing earlier theoretical and empirical studies. Several organizational aspect of bureaucracy, listed and discussed in this study, makes it more difficult to implement the prescribed individual- and holistic perspective. At the same time it is demonstrated that the very same organizational features gives the street level bureaucrats the tools to an administrative fast and effective process. Bureaucracy can also create loyalty-bonds, demonstrated in this study, which render possible a structure where one closes the eyes to eventual moral dilemmas that may have negative consequences for the client.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka i vilken omfattning gymnasieelevers skolk är ett uttryck på brister inom skolans verksamhet. Utifrån syftet har två frågeställningar framkommit: Hur påverkar skolan som institution frekvensen av skolk? Vilket förändringsarbete bör ske inom skolan för att minska frekvensen av skolk? De perspektiv studien utgår ifrån är, kontextuellt samt ungdomskulturellt. Rapporten bygger på fem utförda fokusgruppsintervjuer med elever från årskurs två och tre på gymnasiet, samt sex enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer med skolledning, elevhälsa och lärare. Materialet har bearbetats genom noggrann avlyssning av ljudinspelningar, med fokus på att finna likheter och olikheter i det empiriska materialet. Resultatet redovisas genom att väva samman informanters svar med relevanta begrepp och teorier, samt egna reflektioner och diskussioner. Genom en tematiserad meningskoncentrering, formuleras en komprimerad version av vad informanterna uttalat under intervjuerna. Som komplement till detta lyfts specifika uttalanden från våra informanter, genom citat som enligt oss bör belysas extra. Resultatet visar på en tydlig motsättning mellan personal och elever, där åsikter och erfarenheter kring fenomenet skolk skiljer sig åt i stor utsträckning. Materialet som helhet visar att relationen mellan elever och lärare på den aktuella skolan i dagsläget är ansträngd. Det resultat vi anser mest framträdande i vår studie, är faktumet att skolans gällande struktur och sociala miljö har en direkt inverkan på frekvensen av skolk. Det krävs en förändring inom skolan, i form av ett nytänkande, där elevens unika behov och välmående ställs i fokus. / The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which high school students´ truancy is a manifestation of shortcomings in school activities. Based on our aim, we have arrived at two questions: How does the school, being an institution, affect the occurrence of truancy? How can changes in the way of working in schools, reduce the occurrence of truancy? The study is based on contextual, and youth culture perspectives. The report is based on five focus group interviews with students from grade two and three in Swedish upper secondary school, and six individual semi-structured interviews with the school management, student health group and teachers. The material has been processed by carefully listening to audio recordings, focusing on finding similarities and differences in the empirical material. The results have been reported by weaving answers together from the interviews with relevant concepts and theories, as well as with our own reflections and discussions. A condensed version of what the informants have expressed during the interviews is retold in themes. To complement these retells, specific quotations from the informants which are considered especially interesting have been included. The results show a clear contradiction between staff and pupils, where views and experiences surrounding the phenomenon of truancy vary greatly. The material as a whole shows that the relationship between students and teachers at this school, in the current situation, is strained. The results we consider most prominent in our study is the fact that the school's existing structure and social environment has a direct impact on the occurrence of truancy. According to us, the school needs to change; the students´ unique needs and well-being should stand in focus.

The subject of this thesis is presence of endpoints in child-directed speech of Czech native speakers. It is based on researches, which show that czech language prefers holistic perspective. This occur for exemple in description of the motion event; a speaker tends to include the endpoint. Thanks to its holistic perspective, Czech language is unique among other Slavic languages, which use a phasal perspective. The phasal perspective highlights the motion process instead of the endpoint. There are several reasons, why Czech language uses holistic perspective: the most common is the proximity to German langugae, which also uses holistic perspective, and specific category of aspect. My thesis examines whether children can learn one of the feature of the holistic perspective, often referring to endpoints in the description of motion events. Research data consists in transcribing informal conversations between children and parents over incentives made for this purpose. I examine total amount od endpoints and how they are expressed. The analysis of the data proves high concentration of endpoints and also proves, that parents direct child's attention to them.

The work investigates the relationship the Swedish indigenous people, the Sámi people, have towards their cultural remains in the Sámi cultural landscape. It is investigated through a qualitative-comparative literature studie which is primarily conducted through an analysis of four websites; two Sámi controlled websites and two swedish county administration controlled websites. The relationship the Sámi people have towards their ancient cultural remains can be seen through studies of their relationship towards graves and old settlement remains, (swe:kåtatomter) which reflects a relationship that is contested by factors such as the threat of exploitation of the Sámi cultural landscape, and by the challenges that comes with repatriation cases. The work emanates from a postcolonial perspective which can be seen throughout the entire work and which is primarily based on reconciliation as a concept within postcolonial theory

Introduktion Att arbeta med hälsofrämjande insatser på arbetsplatsen är viktigt för att värna om en välmående folkhälsa (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2019). Då stress används som indikator för att mäta folkhälsan och många i dagens samhälle sjukskrivs på grund av arbetsrelaterad stress så är det av folkhälsovetenskaplig relevans att undersöka hållbara lösningar för en jämlik hälsa (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2020; Försäkringskassan, 2016). Med bakgrund av att arbetsplatsen är en viktig arena för att behålla och främja hälsan hos befolkningen (Naidoo & Wills, 2016) så är det av studiens intresse är att undersöka hälsofrämjande arbetsplatser med hjälp av tidigare vetenskapligt material. Syfte Syftet med examensarbetet är att utifrån en strukturerad litteraturstudie beskriva vilka hälsofrämjande faktorer som kan vara framgångsrika för att ökat välbefinnande på arbetsplatser. Metod Studien har gjorts genom en strukturerad litteraturstudie där tio artiklar hämtats från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarnas resultat har vidare analyserats med tematisk analys. Resultat Resultatet visar att det finns åtta hälsofrämjande faktorer (Balans, Bekräftelse, Engagemang, Gruppkänsla, Kommunikation, Medvetenhet, Resurser, Samarbete, Socialt klimat och Stöd) som bidrar till en hälsofrämjande arbetsmiljö är och kan delas in i tre dimensioner på individ, grupp samt ledarskaps och organisationsnivå. Slutsats Det finns hälsofrämjande faktorer som kan tillämpas ur ett helhetsperspektiv och således påverka den övergripande arbetskulturen på arbetsplatsen vilket kan ha positiv inverkan på individers välbefinnande. / Introduction Working with health promoting initiatives in the workplace is important for the wellbeing of public health (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2021). As stress is used as an indicator to measure public health and since many people are on sick leave due to work-related stress, it is of public health relevance to investigate sustainable solutions for equal public health (Folkhälsomyndigheten, 2020; Försäkringskassan, 2016). Given that the workplace is an important arena for maintaining and promoting the health of the population (Naidoo & Wills, 2016), it is in the interest of the study to investigate health promoting factors using previous empirical material. The Aim The aim of the study is to describe, based on a structured literature study, which health promoting factors that can be successful to increase well-being in the workplace. Method The study was conducted through a structure literature review where ten articles were selected from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The result from the articles have been further analyzed with thematic analysis. Results The results shows that eight health promotion factors that can contribute to a health-promoting work environment is: Balance, Confirmation, Commitment, Group feeling, Communication, Awareness, Resources, Cooperation, Social climate, and Support which also can be divided into three dimensions on individual, group, and leadership and organizational level. Conclusion There are health promoting factors that can be applied from a holistic perspective and thus affect the overall work culture in the workplace, which can have a positive impact on individuals' well-being.

Svenska vattendrag har sedan länge utnyttjats och exploaterats för mänskliga behov och vattenkraftsförsörjningen utvecklades snabbt under 1900 talet. Med tiden upptäcktes dock de negativa ekologiska konsekvenser som vattenkraften hade för livet i och kring vattendragen. Trots detta anses vattenkraften idag vara en betydelsefull energikälla då den är förnybar och enkelt kan lagras. På grund av nya riktlinjer från Vattendirektivet samt målsättningar inom miljökvalitetsmålen ”Levande sjöar och vattendrag” samt ”Ett rikt växt- och djurliv”, ska svensk vattenkraft förses med nya miljövillkor som bland annat syftar till att förbättra ekologisk status i svenska vattendrag. Undersökningen ämnar jämföra vilka särskilt betydande faktorer (för ett vattendrags ekologiska status och biodiversitet) som används i tillståndsprövningen av små vattenkraftverk i samband med förändrade miljövillkor. Genom att utföra en litteraturstudie i ämnesområdet, undersöka pågående vattenvårdsprojekt, samt jämföra två olika domstolsbeslut gällande förändrade miljövillkor i små vattenkraftverk, har undersökningen kommit fram till att de mest betydande faktorer som används i tillståndsprövningen är konnektivitet och heterogenitet i vattendragets strömbild. / Swedish streams have long been utilized and exploited for human needs and the hydropower supply developed rapidly during the 20th century. Over time, however, the negative ecological consequences that hydropower had for life in and around streams were discovered. Despite this, hydropower is today considered a significant energy source as it is renewable and can be easily stored. Due to new guidelines from the Water Framework Directive and objectives within the Swedish environmental quality objectives "Flourishing Lakes and Streams" and "A Rich Diversity of Plant and Animal Life", Swedish hydropower will be provided with new environmental conditions, which among other things aim to improve ecological status in Swedish streams. The study intends to compare which particularly significant factors (for the ecological status and biodiversity of a watercourse) are used in the permit testing of small hydropower plants in connection with changed environmental conditions. By conducting a literature study in the subject area, examining ongoing water management projects, and comparing two different court decisions regarding changed environmental conditions in small hydropower plants, the study has concluded that the factors used primarily in permit testing are connectivity and heterogeneity in the draft current.

When collective action for community is defined as local development or as a struggle for survival different understandings are in focus. Politically, this kind of community action is defined as local development and understood in terms of growth and economics. An economic approach to community action is also emphasised in the EU-programmes that support local development groups and projects. On the other hand local groups describe their activities as a struggle for community and community survival. Inspired by feministic research approaches and with an interest in human aspects and values this study investigates meanings of community action as experienced and expressed by rural inhabitants and activists. The study is based on fieldwork that was carried out in a small rural community in the northern inlands of Sweden: Trehörningsjö. Since the middle of the 1990s, the women in Trehörningsjö have driven collective action to uphold the community. With its point of departure in the community and expanding into the arenas of reserach and politics, the study takes on the form of a reflexive research process in which the researcher's former knowledge and new understandings are made visible and discussed parallel with the interpretations made. The main focus of the study is the activist's demand of voice, visibility and worth. The first chapter presents the local community and provides a background to the study. The chapter includes an account of the reflexive approach that widened the field of research from a local to a translocal study of community action. In chapters two, three, four and five the struggle for community is reflected through fieldwork experiences in Trehörningsjö and other arenas beyond the village. Situated events and instances of collective action such as the fight for the local health care centre, are analysed as symbolic expressions of community values and rural importance. From chapter two and onwards, the study follows the footsteps of the leading female activist in and beyond the community itself; that is, the day-to-day work, meetings, conferences and other places where community action is acted out. The struggle for community is proven to focus on translocal rather than local action. In chapter six the fieldwork experiences - that tell about resistance and a struggle for community values and perspectives - are placed in the wider context of the rural development movement, local development research and governmental rural policy in Sweden. On all these arenas community action tend to be interpreted as local development in line with a growth perspective, rather than as community protests and struggles that expresses other meanings. Chapter seven takes the analyses and discussion further, and relates community struggle to concepts such as civil society and social economy. Anthony Giddens concept of life politics and Alberto Meluccis concept of collective action are used to deepen the analysis on how humane meanings and relation based aspects of community action are made invisible on the political "growht and development" agenda. Community struggle presents a possibility for rural inhabitants to (re)define and reclaim their community and themselves as important and valuable. However, to be able to understand what the concept of community struggle expresses, and demands, it needs to be acknowledged as a form of action that has the potential to challenge established bureaucratic and political defintions, which, in practice, proves to be difficult.