MEd / Department of Curriculum Studies and Education Management

Titel: Från periodisk inventering utan Pick By Voice till rullande inventering med Pick By Voice - En fallstudie på Företag X Bakgrund och problem: Företag X har valt att implementera plocktekniken Pick By Voice, samtidigt som företaget ser över möjligheten att implementera en rullande inventering i samband med detta. Frågor som uppstår är vad lagar och praxis säger för området samt hur en möjlig implementering av rullande inventering bör se ut. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en kvalitativ studie undersöka behovet av en ny inventeringsmetod genom en förstudie och därefter utveckla en inventeringsprocess passande efter Företag X förutsättningar. Denna inventeringsprocess ska kunna användas i samspel med Pick By Voice. Vidare är också att uppmuntra andra företag inom likartad bransch att se över sin nuvarande inventeringsmetod och om de kan implementera en liknande förändring av rullande inventering med Pick By Voice. Metod: Denna studie är en kvalitativ fallstudie. Insamlingen av empiri har skett genom utförandet av semistrukturerade och ostrukturerade intervjuer med företag och revisionsbyråer. Slutsats: En nu 65 år gammal skattelag säger att företag måste inventera sina lager minst en gång om året. Som en otillräcklig beskrivning av hur detta ska göras, samtidigt som lagerhanteringssystemet får ny utveckling, har detta lagt större vikt vid nuvarande praxis. Detta är särskilt så när ett företag implementerar en rullande inventeringsmetod. Viktiga steg i implementeringsprocessen bekräftas vara avgörande för företag att uppfylla. Dels för att lyckas med implementeringen, men också för att säkerställa en tillfredsställande inventeringsprocess och undvika att både misstag i implementerings- och inventeringssprocessen uppstår. Att kombinera den rullande inventeringen med röstplocktekniken Pick By Voice anses även det vara betydande för att reducera ytterligare misstag som förekommer eller kan förekomma i inventeringsprocessen. Hur frekvent företag bör inventera grundar sig i; vilken typ av marknad företaget är verksamt på, andelen misstag som uppstår i inventeringsprocessen och om fler antal inventeringar kan bidra till fler besparingar för företaget. / Title: From periodic inventory without Pick By Voice to continuous inventory with Pick By Voice - A case study at Company X Background and problem: Company X has chosen to implement the Pick By Voice picking technology, while at the same time considering the possibility of implementing a continuous inventory in connection with this. Questions that arise are what the laws and practices say for this area and what a possible implementation of continuous inventory should look like. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the need for a new inventory method through a pilot study and then develop an inventory process suitable for Company X conditions. This inventory process should be used in interaction with Pick By Voice. Furthermore, other companies in similar industries are also encouraged to review their current inventory method and whether they can implement a similar change of continuous inventory with Pick By Voice. Method: This study is a qualitative case study. The collection of empirical data has been carried out through the conduct of semi structured and unstructured interviews with companies and accounting firms. Conclusion: A now 65 years old tax law says that companies need to count their inventory at least once a year. As there is an insufficient description of how this should be done, while also warehouse management system get new development, this has placed greater emphasis on current practice. This so, especially when a company is implementing a continuous inventory method with Pick By Voice. Important steps in the implementation process have been confirmed to be crucial to fulfil by the company. Especially in order to achieve a successful implementation of the process, ensure that the process fulfil its required satisfaction level and to avoid occurrence of mistakes in the implementation process as well as in the inventory process. The combination of continuous inventory and Pick By Voice is considered to be significant in the reduction of further mistakes that occur or can occur in the inventory process. The determination of the inventory frequency is dependent on; type of market that the company operates in, number of occurring mistakes in the inventory process and if an increase in number of inventory occasions can contribute to an increase in the savings.

To cope with constant changes in the economic environment, organizations continuously strive to implement appropriate business models that will contribute to increased productivity, reduced costs and a competitive advantage. Organisations need however to choose among different business models and select the option that offer the greatest potential to improve their service delivery, reducing costs and enable them to focus on their core business. This study conceptualized the shared services business model, by focusing on key factors, such as the rationale for implementing a shared services unit over other business models, establishing the processes followed by the banking industry with the implementation of a human capital shared services model, identifying the advantages versus disadvantages of the implementation of the model and to provide recommendations for the development and implementation of shared services models within specific organisational context. The researcher conducted mixed method research to address the research problem which incorporated both qualitative and quantitative research. In the study research was conducted in three phases. During the first phase exploratory research was conducted, consisting of desk study research and industry reports as well as surveys, periodicals and academic publications.During the second phase qualitative research was conducted, through semi-structured interviews. Findings from this research phase were used during the third phase, which was a quantitative study, whereby information gathered from the interviews informed the design of questionnaires. It is evident from the results that there were many similarities between the analyses of the interviews and questionnaires in relation to the literature review. Many commonalities amongst the three banks were identified during the implementation process and in many instances corroborated statements by key authors during the literature review. Both the interviews and analysis of the questionnaires confirmed cost savings, improved customer services and standardization as benefits of a shared services model. It was concluded that the implementation of a human capital shared services model within the banking sector in South Africa contribute positively to each of the banks used in the sample, both from a cost perspective as improvement of efficiencies. It was further concluded that the processes, systems and people involved in the implementation process are critical to successful implementation. Based on the information gathered the researcher recommends that a project team be appointed from inception to finalization of the implementation of a shared services model, which will be required to deal with the planning phase, feasibility study and the full implementation plan relating to the implementation of the model. In practice, this study will provide shared services managers with insights with regards to the implementation process to be followed for implementing a human capital shared services model. It can also provide valuable insight to management with regard to important or key factors to consider, ensuring the effective implementation of the model. Findings of this study may also be extended to other organizations in South Africa, considering the implementation of the shared services model. / Graduate School for Business Leadership / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

I Sverige har en negativ utveckling skett i vissa geografiskt avgränsade bostadsområden, så kallade utsatta områden. Att minska brottsligheten och öka tryggheten i utsatta områden är av stor vikt. Det är därför relevant att undersöka huruvida kommuner med utsatta områden bedriver ett programtroget brottsförebyggande arbete. Syftet med studien var därmed att undersöka hur väl tre kommuner (Helsingborg, Kristianstad och Landskrona) har implementerat den brottsförebyggande och trygghetsskapande metoden Effektiv samordning förtrygghet (EST), samt vilka faktorer som har påverkat implementeringprocessen. De två frågeställningarna var 1. I vilken utsträckning har de tre skånska kommunerna Helsingborg, Kristianstad och Landskrona implementerat EST? 2. Vilka faktorer har påverkat kommunernas implementeringsprocess av EST? Genom tematisk analys av semistrukturerade intervjuer har studien eftersträvat en inblick i flera aktörers (N=9) arbetsprocess kring och implementering av EST-metoden. Resultatet från intervjuerna indikerar att EST till viss del är implementerad i de tre kommunerna då kommunerna arbetar med samtliga steg i EST och metoden har bidragit till en god samverkan. Det framgår dock även att det finns ett behov av utbildning kring EST-metoden och ett mer metodtroget arbete. Av resultatet framgår även att ett antal faktorer har påverkat implementeringen av EST: metodens komplexitet; kommunikation och förankring av metoden; aktörernas lämplighet; aktörernas personliga egenskaper; graden av tillgänglig information om metoden; aktörernas delaktighet; strukturella omständigheter; metodtrogenhet samt uppföljning och återkoppling. Förhoppningen är att lagen “Kommuner mot brott” tydliggör hur arbetet ska se ut och fördelas. Resultatet kan således ge en vägledning för andra kommuner gällande vilka faser i implementeringen som kan utgöra en utmaning samt vilka faktorer som påverkar implementeringsprocessen. / In Sweden, a negative development has taken place in certain geographically delimited residential areas, so-called vulnerable areas. Reducing crime and increasing perceived safety and security in vulnerable areas is of great importance. It is therefore relevant to investigate whether municipalities with vulnerable areas carry out methodical crime prevention work. The purpose of the study was thus to investigate how well three municipalities (Helsingborg, Kristianstad and Landskrona) have implemented the crime prevention method Effective Coordination for Safety (EST), and which factors have affected the implementation process. The two main issues were 1. To what extent have the three Scanian municipalities of Helsingborg, Kristianstad and Landskrona implemented EST? 2. What factors have influenced the municipalities' implementation process of EST? Through thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, the study has sought an insight into several actors' (N = 9) work process regarding, and implementation of, the method. The results indicate that EST is to some extent implemented, as the municipalities work with all steps in EST, and the method has contributed to a good collaboration amongst actors. However, it is also evident that there is a need for education regarding the method and more extensive methodical work. In addition, the results show that several factors have influenced the implementation of EST: the method’s complexity; communication and anchoring of the method; suitability of the actors; personal characteristics of the actors; information available on the method; stakeholder participation; structural circumstances, as well as follow-up and feedback. It is to be hoped that the law "Municipalities against crime" clarifies how the crime preventative work should be carried out and allocated. The results can thus provide guidance for other municipalities regarding which phases in the implementation might constitute a challenge and which factors affect the implementation process.

Submitted by Sarah Faleiros (safaleiros@gmail.com) on 2012-04-02T19:51:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Sarah_faleiros_vf.pdf: 1797814 bytes, checksum: c6e41ce4e9a6a2bf8754af4b5512cae3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-04-02T19:56:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Sarah_faleiros_vf.pdf: 1797814 bytes, checksum: c6e41ce4e9a6a2bf8754af4b5512cae3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-03T12:28:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Sarah_faleiros_vf.pdf: 1797814 bytes, checksum: c6e41ce4e9a6a2bf8754af4b5512cae3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / The right to health is already recognized at international level and, in most cases, at national level. However, it is still restricted to citizens in most countries. Even in the countries that recognize immigrants’ right to health, there are still many barriers, specially to the undocumented. This dissertation aims to understand how immigrants access health care services, focusing on the implementation process of public policies and its potential barriers. In order to achieve these objectives we studied two cases that guarantee immigrants’ access to health based on different mechanisms: the one of bolivian immigrants that live in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and the brazilian immigrants that live in the metropolitan area of Boston, USA. A qualitative research has been conducted with 46 immigrants in both countries. Moreover, we interviewed 16 experts, bureaucrats and street level bureaucrats: people that work directly with immigrants in the health services, or that research and work with the issues we raise in this dissertation. The interviews were based on a semi structured script, then transcripted and analyzed. The analyses showed that both systems present distinct barriers to immigrant’s access to health. In São Paulo’s case study, the restrictions occurred by the fixation of the quantity of offered services, and by lack of training of the professionals that work directly with this public. In the metropolitan area of Boston, it occurred by the imposition of costs and service’s allocation for different classes of clients (LIPSKY, 1980). These barriers could be overcome by governments and their implementing agencies’ actions. Among these, we highlight multicultural policies and government programs that aims to actively promote preventive health, such as Programa Saúde da Família, in Brazil. We could observe the important role played by street level bureaucrats in this process, facilitating the access, creating creative solutions, or raising difficulties to immigrants’ access to health. We suggest further research that deepens the analysis on these actors role regarding the implementation process of the right to health. / O direito à saúde já é reconhecido no plano internacional e, em muitos casos, nacional. No entanto, ele ainda está restrito apenas aos cidadãos na maior parte dos países do mundo e, mesmo naqueles países que o reconhecem, ainda existem muitas barreiras para que os imigrantes, especialmente os indocumentados, usufruam dos serviços de saúde. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo entender como acontece o acesso dos imigrantes à saúde, focando no processo de implementação das políticas públicas e nas barreiras que se formam a partir desse. Para isso estudamos dois casos que garantem o acesso à saúde, mas por meio de mecanismos diferentes: o dos imigrantes bolivianos que vivem na cidade de São Paulo (SP – Brasil) e dos imigrantes brasileiros que vivem na zona metropolitana de Boston (MA – EUA). Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com 46 imigrantes nos dois países. Além disso, entrevistamos 16 especialistas e burocratas de nível de rua, pessoas que atuam diretamente com os imigrantes na ponta dos serviços de saúde, ou que pesquisam e trabalham nestas questões. As entrevistas foram realizadas a partir de um roteiro semi-estruturado, transcritas e analisadas. A análise mostrou que ambos os sistemas apresentam barreiras distintas, no caso de São Paulo pela fixação da quantidade de serviços oferecidos e no segundo caso pela imposição de custos e pela alocação de serviços por classes de clientes diferenciados (LIPSKY, 1980). Essas barreiras puderam ser contornadas por ações promovidas pelos governos e suas agências implementadoras. Entre essas destacamos políticas multiculturais e programas que buscam promover a saúde preventiva de forma ativa, como é o caso do Saúde da Família. Pudemos observar também o importante papel desempenhado pelos burocratas de nível de rua nesse processo, seja facilitando o acesso, por meio da criação de soluções criativas, seja o dificultando. Sugerimos que estudos futuros aprofundem a análise do papel desses atores no processo de implementação do direito à saúde.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / Nas últimas décadas, a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) segue sucessivas mudanças impressas por um processo normativo que regulamenta as relações sociais no sistema de saúde brasileiro. Destaca-se neste contexto, a adoção da estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), em 1994, cujos principais desafios se constituem em reorganizar os serviços de saúde com ênfase na atenção primária (APS) e impulsionar o processo de ruptura do paradigma assistencial vigente. Tais mudanças incidem na demanda por profissionais com competências (conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes) complexas, no sentido de assumirem uma postura de compromisso com um novo modo de fazer saúde , consolidando o modelo de atenção baseado na AP. Os cursos de especialização em Saúde da Família aparecem neste contexto com o objetivo de contribuir para a implantação desta política, corrigindo as falhas da formação profissional. A Escola de Saúde Pública do Estado de Mato Grosso (ESPMT), desde a sua criação em 2000, tem contribuído para a formação de profissionais de equipes de Saúde da Família no estado. Em março de 2005, deu início à realização de quatro turmas do Curso de Especialização Modular e Integrado em Saúde da Família (CEMISF), de forma descentralizada, nos municípios sede das Regionais de Saúde de Cáceres, Tangará da Serra, Barra do Garças e Sinop. Estas turmas, com média de 40 alunos matriculados em cada uma, perfizeram um total de 150 alunos, todos integrantes de equipes de saúde da família de municípios pertencentes às regionais de saúde referidas. A finalização desse processo de formação se deu em novembro de 2006 com a entrega das monografias de apenas 41 alunos (27,3%). Tal resultado aliado ao desejo de contribuir para a institucionalização da avaliação na ESPMT nos levou a propor este estudo, que teve o objetivo de avaliar o processo de implementação dessas quatro turmas do CEMISF, com vistas à melhoria e consolidação do processo de formação de especialistas em Saúde da Família no âmbito da referida escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa de natureza qualitativa, que adotou como estratégia o estudo de caso. Foram utilizados dados provenientes da análise de documentos relacionados ao curso, aplicação de questionários semi-estruturados, com questões fechadas e abertas, auto-aplicáveis, aos alunos que concluíram todos os componentes curriculares do curso, coordenadores e um grupo de docentes do mesmo, bem como de entrevista com o diretor geral da escola na época da implementação do curso. respostas às questões fechadas dos questionários foram analisadas pela freqüência das respostas, utilizando-se o software SPSS versão 13.0. As respostas abertas foram analisadas por conteúdo. O estudo permitiu identificar a influência relevante de fatores dos contextos político e organizacional, determinando os problemas ocorridos no processo de implementação do CEMISF. Questiona-se a priorização dada à intervenção no âmbito da política da gestão estadual vigente na época de sua realização e na instituição de ensino como um todo. As mudanças de gestão na SES provocaram a interrupção de mecanismos fundamentais para a continuidade do curso da forma como o mesmo havia sido planejado, como as compras e pagamentos necessários ao provimento de infraestrutura, custeio das despesas de deslocamento, hospedagem e alimentação dos alunos, referida como uma das principais dificuldades para a realização do curso pelos alunos. A atuação dos orientadores foi o principal fator referido como facilitador da conclusão do curso com entrega da monografia. Por outro lado, o elemento apontado como maior obstáculo para o sucesso desta etapa, foi a dificuldade de comunicação, especialmente entre alunos e orientadores. / In the last decades, the implantation of the Unified Health System (SUS) follows continuous changes in the normative process that regulates the social relations in the Brazilian Health System. In this context the use of the Family Health (ESF) strategy is emphasized by the Ministry of HEALTH (MS), in 1994, and its main challenges are to reorganize the health services with emphasis on primary care (APS) and to stimulate the rupture process of the current support paradigm. These have an effect on the demand for professionals with complex aptitudes (knowledge, skills and attitudes), to assume a posture of commitment with a new “way of making health”, consolidating the care model based on the AP. The specialization courses in Family Health appear in this context with the aim of contributing for the implantation of this policy, correcting the faults in the professional formation. The Public Health School of the State of Mato Grosso (ESPMT), since its creation in 2000, has contributed for the training of the professionals of Family Health groups in the state. In March of 2005, four groups of the Modular and Integrated Specialization Course in Family Health (CEMISF) began functioning in a decentralized way in the main municipalities of the Health Districts of Cáceres, Tangará da Serra, Barra do Garças and Sinop. These groups, with an average of 40 students enrolled in each one, totalized 150 students, all part of the family health groups of municipalities belonging to the health districts mentioned above. The conclusion of this training process was in November 2006 with only 41 students (27,3%) handing over the monograph. Such a result allied to the desire to contribute for the institutionalization of the evaluation at ESPMT made us propose this study that aimed at evaluating the implementation process of these four groups of CEMISF, so that the process of training specialists in Family health would make the school better and more consolidated. It is an evaluative research of qualitative nature, that adopted the case study as a strategy. Data from the analyses of documents related to the course were used and also self-applied, semi-structured questionnaires with closed and open questions were given to the students that concluded all the curriculum components of the course, to the coordinators and to a group of teachers of the mentioned school as well as an interview with the main principal of the school at the time of the implementation of the course. The answers to the closed questions to the questionnaires were analyzed by the frequency of the answers, using the software SPSS version 13.0. The open answers were analyzed by the content.

Genom Agenda 2030 skapades Sveriges 16 miljömål och ett av dessa miljömål uppnås inte i dagsläget är målet Levande skogar. Trots befintliga åtgärder har miljömålet en fortsatt negativ utveckling, för att bevara skogens biologiska och kulturella värden krävs förstärkta åtgärder och styrmedel. En kommunal nivå är viktig för implementeringen av miljömålet genom samhällsplanering. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur Sunne och Karlstad kommun prioriterar och värderar skogen i deras samhällsplanering genom att genomföra en jämförande fallstudie och analysera utifrån en syntetisk top-down/bottom-up teoretisk implementeringsmodell och även granska likheter och skillnader mellan detaljplanerna. Uppsatsens frågeställningar följer: • Reflekteras de politiska argumenten angående miljömålet levande skogar genom implementeringsprocessen inom stadsplanering? • Finns ett tydligt arbete i planeringsprocessen i Sunne och Karlstad kommun som strävar efter att uppnå miljömålet levande skogar?  • Vilka prioriteringar inom samhällsplanering görs i förmån till skogen i Sunne och Karlstad kommun? Studiens resultat visar att implementeringsprocessen inom stadsplanering påverkas av de politiska argumenten angående miljömålet Levande skogar. Samarbetet mellan olika nivåer inom implementeringen som involverar organisationer och aktörer från ett beslutande av en policy till genomförandet på lokal nivå är viktigt för hur det sedan implementeras i samhällsplaneringen. Policyn för Levande skogar diskuteras inte specifikt i någon av detaljplanerna, men flera delar av planerna berör ändå detta policyområde. Det finns flera likheter och skillnader mellan detaljplanerna i Sunne och Karlstad kommun när det gäller arbetet med frågor kopplade till natur och skog. I Sunne kommun finns det en tydlig prioritering av att bevara skogen och dess naturvärden. I Karlstad kommun genomförs skogliga åtgärder för att utveckla trygghet, upplevelse, funktion och trivsel för människor, djur och växtlighet i tätortsnära skog enligt kommunen. / Through Agenda 2030, Sweden developed 16 environmental goals. One of these environmental goals that are currently not reached is the Living Forests goal. Despite existing measures, the goal has continued negative development. To preserve the forest's biological and cultural values, strengthened measures and instruments are required. The municipal level is essential for implementing the environmental objective through community planning. The case study's intent is to develop a deeper understanding of how the municipalities of Sunne and Karlstad prioritize and value the forest in their urban planning. Conducting a comparative case study and analysing based on a synthetic top-down/bottom-up theoretical implementation model and reviewing similarities and differences between the detailed plans. The case study's questions follow:  • Are the political arguments regarding the environmental goal of living forests reflected through the implementation process in urban planning? • Is the work evident in the planning process in Sunne and Karlstad municipalities that strive to achieve the environmental goal of living forests?  • What priorities in urban planning are made in favour of the forest in Sunne and Karlstad municipalities? The results show that the implementation process in urban planning is influenced by the political arguments regarding the environmental goal of Living Forests. The cooperation between different levels within the implementation that involves organizations and actors, from the decision of a policy to the implementation at the local level, is essential for how it implements in community planning. The Living Forests policy is not addressed in any of the detailed plans, but several parts of both plans still touch on this policy area. There are several similarities and differences between the detailed planning documents in both municipalities regarding the work with topics connected to nature and forests. Sunne municipality has a clear priority to preserve the forest and its natural values. In Karlstad municipality, forestry measures are carried out to develop safety, experience, function, and well-being for people, animals, and vegetation in forests close to urban areas, according to the municipality.