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Showing 111 to 120 of 122 (0.139 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"ainternational monetary und"" "subject:"ainternational monetary fund""
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A crise do desenvolvimento brasileiro : dívida externa, condicionalidades e as relações com o Fundo Monetário Internacional e Banco Mundial (1974-1987) /Menezes, Henrique Zeferino. January 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Reginaldo Carmello Corrêa de Moraes / Banca: Sebastião Velasco Cruz / Banca: Javier Alberto Vadeli / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Resumo: Esse trabalho analisa a crise do desenvolvimento brasileiro precipitada com a crise econômica e financeira internacional da década de oitenta. Buscamos apresentar os efeitos das transformações nas relações internacionais sobre a crise do endividamento brasileiro e o papel desempenhado pelas instituições internacionais - Fundo Monetário Internacional e Banco Mundial - no processo de renegociação da dívida brasileira com os bancos comerciais e na condução da política econômica brasileira para a manutenção das transferências de recursos aos países desenvolvidos. Buscamos ainda enfatizar as peculiaridades do modelo de desenvolvimento via endividamento do Brasil. / Abstract: This work analyzes the Brazilian development crisis hastened with the economic and financial international crisis in the 1980s. We aimed to show the effects of the transformations in international relations in the Brazilian debt crisis; and the role played by international institutions - International Monetary Fund and World Bank - in the process of renegotiation of the Brazilian debt with commercial banks and in the driving of Brazilian economics for the sustentation of international transfers of resources to the developed world. We aimed to emphasize the peculiarities of the Brazilian model of development by indebtness. / Mestre
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A crise do desenvolvimento brasileiro : divida externa, condicionalidades e as relações com o Fundo Monetario Internacional e Banco Mundial : (1974-1987) / The crisis of brazilian development : external debt, conditionality and the relations with International Monetary Fund and World Bank : (1974-1987)Menezes, Henrique Zeferino de, 1981- 26 February 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Reginaldo Carmello Correa de Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T02:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Menezes_HenriqueZeferinode_M.pdf: 1177686 bytes, checksum: 4841fc8de33bb72bacd2d66026718bc3 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esse trabalho analisa a crise do desenvolvimento brasileiro precipitada com a crise econômica e financeira internacional da década de oitenta. Buscamos apresentar os efeitos das transformações nas relações internacionais sobre a crise do endividamento brasileiro e o papel desempenhado pelas instituições internacionais - Fundo Monetário Internacional e Banco Mundial - no processo de renegociação da dívida brasileira com os bancos comerciais e na condução da política econômica brasileira para a manutenção das transferências de recursos aos países desenvolvidos. Buscamos ainda enfatizar as peculiaridades do modelo de desenvolvimento via endividamento do Brasil / Abstract: This work analyzes the Brazilian development crisis hastened with the economic and financial international crisis in the 1980s. We aimed to show the effects of the transformations in international relations in the Brazilian debt crisis;. and the role played by international institutions - International Monetary Fund and World Bank - in the process of enegotiation 01 the Brazilian debt with commercial banks and in the driving 01 B7 economics for the sustentation of international transfers of resources to the developed world. We aimed to emphasize the peculiarities of the Brazilian model of development by indebtness / Mestrado / Relações Internacionais / Mestre em Relações Internacionais
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Os recursos hídricos transfronteiriços como direito transindividual internacional : uma proposta de estruturação da Organização Mundial da Água (OMA) e do Fundo Monetário Internacional de Proteção a Água (FMIPA)Flores, Karen Müller 06 August 2010 (has links)
A água, assim como o ar, é vital à sobrevivência dos seres bióticos. Para muitos autores há distinção entre "água" e "recurso hídrico". O termo "água" designa o elemento natural, enquanto a expressão "recurso hídrico" representa o valor econômico; assim, compreendido como direito fundamental e mercadoria, respectivamente. Os recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais (que banham mais de um estado soberano) são classificados em superficiais (rios, lagos, represas, açudes, entre outros) ou subterrâneos (aqüíferos); As reservas hídricas superficiais são de mais fácil acesso, porém escassas; já as reservas subterrâneas são de difícil acesso, mas abundantes; contudo, em ambos os casos a utilização deverá ser racional. A escassez dos recursos hídricos é quanti-qualitativa. O ser humano enquanto pessoa consciente é capaz de alterar o rumo do planeta, por meio da construção de uma nova identidade, influindo na formação de uma nova cultura. Conceitos como supranacionalidade e transnacionalidades passam a ser aceitos em nome da preservação da biodiversidade e conseqüência do próprio homem, enquanto parte do sistema ambiental, ou seja, a sociedade global passa da fase de coexistência a fase de cooperação e solidariedade. Isso porque, as relações econômicas, políticas, sociais, culturas e tecnológicas são hoje transnacionais, assim como os impactos ambientais. Assim, a proposta de elaboração da Organização Mundial da Água (OMA), organismo supranacional de proteção dos recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais, e do Fundo Monetário Internacional de Proteção à Água (FMIPA) desempenha significativo papel na conscientização dos seres humanos quanto à importância e a necessidade de mudanças urgentes em relação ao tema.
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Crisis económicas mundiales y organismos económicos internacionalesSosa Gamarra, Carmen Leda, Quenaya Ocola, Deyanira Zait 18 January 2021 (has links)
Las crisis económicas mundiales surgen en distintos países y los organismos económicos internacionales(OEI) hacen frente a diferentes situaciones en las que las políticas económicas no funcionan adecuadamente y requieren de algún financiamiento para afrontarlas. Su importancia ha impulsado la presente investigación. En un primer momento, se explicará como los marcos regulatorios de los OEI constan de un conjunto de leyes y normas para la ejecución de determinadas operaciones de apoyo con normas internacionales en diversos ámbitos que permiten la estabilidad financiera mundial. Los OEI que destacan en la intervención para afrontar las diferentes crisis económicas son el Fondo Monetario Internacional(FMI), integrado por 184 países miembros que, a través de programas de apoyo y el asesoramiento mediante guías de buenas prácticas, los benefician para hacer frente a la crisis; y el Banco Mundial(BM), con 189 países miembros basa su organización en diferentes instituciones (BIRF, AIF, IFC, MIGA, CIADI) con roles específicos que se ajustan a las necesidades de financiamiento que cada país demanda. En un segundo momento, se explicarán cuáles son las causas principales de las crisis económicas mundiales: la volatilidad en tipo de cambio, las tasas de interés, la ausencia de políticas monetarias adecuadas, el desplome en la bolsa de valores, burbujas inmobiliarias, entre otros. En un último capítulo se revisará los efectos principales: la reducción del salario, empresas en quiebra o procesos de liquidación, fuga de inversionistas, recesión, disminución de inversión pública, e índice de desempleo elevado, entre otros. / International Financial Institutions (IFIs) respond to economic crises in countries where public policies do not work properly and require financing. The regulatory frameworks established for these IFIs are composed of a set of laws and regulations created for the execution of specific support operations that run under the protection of various international treaties in several areas, therefore, allowing global financial stability. The most prominent IFIs in terms of confronting various economic crises are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF is comprised of 184 member countries that, through support programs and advice on good practice guidelines, benefit from facing potential crisis. The World Bank is comprised of 189 member countries as well and it’s an extended family of five institutions: IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, and ICSID. These institutions have specific roles that adjust to the financing needs that each country demands. The main causes of world economic crises are exchange rate volatility, interest rates, the absence of monetary policies, the crash of the stock market, real estate bubbles, among others. The main effects are the reduction of wages, companies in bankruptcy or filing for liquidation, flight of investors, recession, decrease in public investment, high unemployment rate, among others. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
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Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) : rupture ou continuité du péronisme ? : Les mutations du populisme en Argentine / Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) : a breach or a continuity with peronism ? : Mutations of populism in Argentina.Doz, Emilie 15 November 2013 (has links)
Le 25 mai 2003, le peuple argentin assistait à l’investiture présidentielle du candidat du Frente Para la Victoria, Néstor Kirchner. Suite à la défection de Carlos Menem pendant l’entre-deux tours, il est élu avec 22% des suffrages. Malgré cette faible légitimité, il réussit à insuffler un changement certain dans la politique argentine. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de montrer comment Néstor Kirchner est arrivé à imposer un nouveau système de référence et à tourner la page du passé néolibéral qui a conduit le pays à l’effondrement. Pour cela, notre travail se concentre d’abord sur la présentation nécessaire du contexte économique et politique antérieur aux élections de 2003. Cette contextualisation permet de mieux cerner les conditions dans lesquelles Néstor Kirchner est porté au pouvoir. Ensuite, nous étudions la lutte idéologique qui se met en place, notamment à l’intérieur même du péronisme, afin d’identifier les processus qui permettent au discours kirchnériste de devenir discours dominant. Enfin, il s’agira d’étudier les points de ruptures ou de convergences du kirchnérisme avec le populisme et le péronisme afin de mieux le caractériser. De plus, le décès de Néstor Kirchner survenu le 27 Octobre 2010 a provoqué un véritable choc. Aussi, l’étude de la figure post mortem de Kirchner permet de prendre la mesure du phénomène K, dans le sens où il symbolise à la fois une réhabilitation du politique, une reconstruction de la nation argentine et une refondation du péronisme au XXIème siècle. / On 25 May 2003, argentinian population attended the presidential nomination of the "Frente Para la Victoria" party candidate, Néstor Kirchner. Thanks to the defection of Carlos Menem between the two rounds, he was elected with 22% of votes. Despite this weak legitimacy, he succeeded in impulsing changes in Argentina political agenda. The purpose of this thesis is to show how Néstor Kirchner managed to impose a new system as a new reference, and to move on from a neoliberal past which led the country to collapse. Therefore, our work first focuses on a necessary presentation of economic and political background prior to 2003' elections. Such contextualisation allows us to have a better understanding of the conditions in which Néstor Kirchner reached the presidency. Then, we study the ideological struggle taking place afterwards, particularly within peronism itself, in order to identify the processes allowing the kirchnerist line to become a dominant speech. Finally, we will focus on Kirchnerism’s breakpoints or convergences with Peronist populism for a better characterization. In addition, the death of Néstor Kirchner the 27th of october 2010 caused a real shock. Also, the study of the postmortem figure of Kirchner allows us to estimate the "K" phenomenon, in the sense it symbolizes as well a rehabilitation of politics as a reconstruction of the argentinian nation, or an overhaul of peronism in the XXIst century.
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國際貨幣基金的組織與功能 / The Organization and Functions of the International Monetary Fund王瑤瑛, Yao-ying Wang Unknown Date (has links)
布列敦森林機制的成形與運作是基於國際社會對一九三０年代經濟大恐慌所記取的歷史教訓。國際社會要捨棄「以鄰為壑」的歷史錯誤，期以國際協調與合作解決國際經濟秩序不穩定的問題。但是在建立布列敦森林機制的過程中與布列敦森林機制的運作上，顯現出國際政治權力與國家利益才是最重要的考量。美國以其在兩次世界大戰中發展出的國力，主導了布列敦森林機制的設計，將大部分的國家納入此項體系中，並以此體系中的規範、準則來約束所有成員的行為。透過此機制的槓桿運作，美國得以將其在政治上與經濟上的力量發揮到極至，從而維護美國繼續作為霸權國的國家利益。布列敦森林機制成為戰後國際合作的基礎架構，會員國所簽訂的國際貨幣基金協定條款成了體系成員的行為準則。制約條件與監督會員國的經濟政策之權是國際貨幣基金兩項最重要的武器。然而，制約條件所產生的政經效應，卻讓國際貨幣基金倍受批評。影響制約條件成效不彰的原因包含有國際貨幣基金的組織結構因素、國際環境因素與執行制約條件的國家的內部因素。國際社會將所有的責任都歸於國際貨幣基金，實在是隔靴搔癢，同時也無助於解決當今資本全球化所引發的問題。
目 錄
序言 壹
圖表目錄 參
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 國際貨幣基金之成立 4
第一節 布列敦森林機制的起源 4
第二節 布列敦森林機制前的國際貨幣體系 9
第三節 懷特方案與凱因斯方案 12
第四節 小結 17
第三章 布列敦森林機制的制度分析 21
第一節 國際貨幣基金的制度 21
第二節 國際貨幣基金的組織 26
第三節 美國霸權與布列敦森林機制 34
第四章 國際貨幣基金角色的轉變 50
第一節 國際經濟環境的變遷 50
第二節 國際貨幣基金協定條款的修訂 54
第三節 特別提款權的運作 59
第四節 國際貨幣基金的監督功能 61
第五章 國際貨幣基金的制約條件 67
第一節 什麼是制約條件 67
第二節 制約條件的發展 71
第三節 制約條件與調整政策 76
第四節 制約條件的政經效應 79
第六章 一九八０年代的拉丁美洲債務危機 92
第一節 拉丁美洲債務危機的起源 92
第二節 處理拉丁美洲債務危機的國際行動 96
第三節 處理拉丁美洲債務危機的成效與政經意涵 102
第七章 一九九七年東亞金融危機 111
第一節 東亞金融危機的起源 111
第二節 東亞國家的政治經濟結構 117
第三節 處理東亞金融危機的國際行動 119
第四節 國際貨幣基金穩定方案的檢討 123
第五節 小結 132
第八章 結論 138
參考書目 143
圖表目錄
圖
圖3-1 國際貨幣基金組織結構圖 45
表
表6-1 拉美國家的貿易平衡、經常帳與資本基本轉移
的情況，1977—1987 105
表6-2 接受IMF融資計畫的拉美國家之經濟表現 105
表6-3 接受IMF融資計畫的拉美國家之債務情況 106
表7-1 泰國、印尼與南韓三國外匯存底的變動，
（1997年6月—19982月） 112
表7-2 東亞四國的債務情況 114
表7-3 東亞四國的經濟表現，1997—1999 131
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Vybrané aspekty hospodářských vztahů Evropské unie a Čínské lidové republiky na prahu 21. století a jejich reálný dopad na světovou ekonomiku / Selected aspects of economic relations between the European Union and the People's Republic of China at the beginning of the 21st century and their real impact on the world economySmola, Filip January 2014 (has links)
The main aim of this dissertation is to analyze selected economic activities and economic relations occurring between the European Union and China. This dissertation is divided into four main chapters to ensure coherence and continuity throughout the research. The first chapter deals with the historical development of mutual cooperation between Europe and China. This chapter emphasizes recent events. The most extensive part of this work, the second section, addresses key areas of cooperation between the EU and China. Most of the research focus is devoted to trade economic relations and investment relations. Further, the second chapter addresses controversial areas within the mutual EU-China relations. In contrast with the second chapter, which looks at the mutual relations from the perspective of the whole EU, the third chapter distinguishes bilateral relations between two EU countries and China. The purpose of the third chapter is therefore to highlight the different approach of individual EU member countries. In the last chapter, I try to assess the growing influence of both the EU and China within the global economy. Finally, I outline the possible future development of the research topic.
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Pitfalls of national development and reconstruction : an ethical appraisal of socio-economic transformation in post-war MozambiqueMatsinhe, David Mário 06 1900 (has links)
Mozambique is undergoing intensive socio-economic reforms to reconstruct war
damages and develop the nation. The reforms consist of economic liberalisation through structural
adjustment and monetarist economic stabilisation, e.g. government withdrawal from economic
activities, privatisation, deregulation, reduction of tariff levels on imports and tax on
investments, cuts of expenditure on social services, restrictive credit system, focus on
monetarism, increased taxation on individual income, etc. The nature of these reforms, on the
surface, leads to morally questionable conditions. There is social chaos and disintegration, high
indices of corruption, subtle recolonisation, decline of civil services, etc. At the
bottom lie the market ethics and fundamentalist theological discourse by dint of which the
World Bank and the International Monetary Fund deny historical consciousness, lack institutional
memory, vest themselves with unquestionable international authority, dictate and impose policies
without accountability for the social consequences. If there is any hope for Mozambicans, it lies
in development ethics which relies heavily on the liberation motif, historical consciousness, and
African Heritage. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)
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Pitfalls of national development and reconstruction : an ethical appraisal of socio-economic transformation in post-war MozambiqueMatsinhe, David Mário 06 1900 (has links)
Mozambique is undergoing intensive socio-economic reforms to reconstruct war
damages and develop the nation. The reforms consist of economic liberalisation through structural
adjustment and monetarist economic stabilisation, e.g. government withdrawal from economic
activities, privatisation, deregulation, reduction of tariff levels on imports and tax on
investments, cuts of expenditure on social services, restrictive credit system, focus on
monetarism, increased taxation on individual income, etc. The nature of these reforms, on the
surface, leads to morally questionable conditions. There is social chaos and disintegration, high
indices of corruption, subtle recolonisation, decline of civil services, etc. At the
bottom lie the market ethics and fundamentalist theological discourse by dint of which the
World Bank and the International Monetary Fund deny historical consciousness, lack institutional
memory, vest themselves with unquestionable international authority, dictate and impose policies
without accountability for the social consequences. If there is any hope for Mozambicans, it lies
in development ethics which relies heavily on the liberation motif, historical consciousness, and
African Heritage. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)
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Summerhill school is it possible in Aotearoa ??????? New Zealand ???????: Challenging the neo-liberal ideologies in our hegemonic schooling systemPeck, Mikaere Michelle S. January 2009 (has links)
The original purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibility of setting up a school in Aotearoa (New Zealand) that operates according to the principles and philosophies of Summerhill School in Suffolk, England. An examination of Summerhill School is therefore the purpose of this study, particularly because of its commitment to self-regulation and direct democracy for children. My argument within this study is that Summerhill presents precisely the type of model Māori as Tangata Whenua (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) need in our design of an alternative schooling programme, given that self-regulation and direct democracy are traits conducive to achieving Tino Rangitiratanga (Self-government, autonomy and control). In claiming this however, not only would Tangata Whenua benefit from this model of schooling; indeed it has the potential to serve the purpose of all people regardless of age race or gender. At present, no school in Aotearoa has replicated Summerhill's principles and philosophies in their entirety. Given the constraints of a Master's thesis, this piece of work is therefore only intended as a theoretical background study for a much larger kaupapa (purpose). It is my intention to produce a further and more comprehensive study in the future using Summerhill as a vehicle to initiate a model school in Aotearoa that is completely antithetical to the dominant neo-liberal philosophy of our age. To this end, my study intends to demonstrate how neo-liberal schooling is universally dictated by global money market trends, and how it is an ideology fueled by the indifferent acceptance of the general population. In other words, neo-liberal theory is a theory of capitalist colonisation. In order to address the long term vision, this project will be comprised of two major components. The first will be a study of the principal philosophies that govern Summerhill School. As I will argue, Summerhill creates an environment that is uniquely successful and fulfilling for the children who attend. At the same time, it will also be shown how it is a philosophy that is entirely contrary to a neo-liberal 3 mindset; an antidote, to a certain extent, to the ills of contemporary schooling. The second component will address the historical movement of schooling in Aotearoa since the Labour Party's landslide victory in 1984, and how the New Zealand Curriculum has been affected by these changes. I intend to trace the importation of neo-liberal methodologies into Aotearoa such as the 'Picot Taskforce,' 'Tomorrows Schools' and 'Bulk Funding,' to name but a few. The neo-liberal ideologies that have swept through this country in the last two decades have relentlessly metamorphosised departments into businesses and forced ministries into the marketplace, hence causing the 'ideological reduction of education' and confining it to the parameters of schooling. The purpose of this research project is to act as a catalyst for the ultimate materialization of an original vision; the implementation of a school like Summerhill in Aotearoa. A study of the neo-liberal ideologies that currently dominate this country is imperative in order to understand the current schooling situation in Aotearoa and create an informed comparison between the 'learning for freedom' style of Summerhill and the 'learning to earn' style of our status quo schools. It is my hope to strengthen the argument in favour of Summerhill philosophy by offering an understanding of the difference between the two completely opposing methods of learning.
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