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Showing 51 to 60 of 61 (0.029 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"commerce"" "subject:"ecommerce""
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Metodika testování použitelnosti mobilních zařízení pro bezkontaktní NFC platby / Design and experimental verification of usability testing methodology for mobile contactless NFC paymentsNovotná, Pavla January 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this work is the design and experimental verification usability testing methodology of mobile contactless NFC payments. Given that this is the very innovative and flexible region (m-commerce and the usability of mobile devices) we need to develop a methodology to adapt the methods and usability testing standards for the specifics of mobile devices. The benefit of this work is to link the usability and m-commerce and the creation of a methodology for mobile devices usability testing. This work can be beneficial for companies that decides to enter the mobile payments market (as for instance a firm MOPET CZ rather unexpectedly made with the mobito project) and also for companies that are already dealing with m-commerce. This work can be also useful as a matrix for creating own testing methodology for mobile devices, even for other purposes.
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Mobile commerce over GSM: A banking perspective on securityVan der Merwe, Pieter Ben 20 July 2004 (has links)
GSM has changed the face of communication and information exchange, much as the Internet did. With the advances made in the mobile technology arena, new opportunities are created. Mobile Commerce (m-Commerce) is one such opportunity. Each new advance in technology brings with it associated risks. This dissertation focuses on the risks involved with m-Commerce for the banking industry. This dissertation provides a detailed overview of basic services that any m-Commerce application should provide to the banking industry. These principles provide the foundation for securing any financial transaction over untrusted networks. Several mechanisms to provide these services are also discussed. Examples of such mechanisms include hash functions, Message Authentication Codes and Digital Signatures. The security of GSM networks has come under attack in the past. This is largely due to the fact that the GSM consortium opted to develop their security technologies in secret, rather than in the public domain. This dissertation aims to evaluate the security offered by GSM and assess potential attacks in order to further understand risks associated with m-Commerce applications over GSM. In recent years there have been significant additions to the GSM enabling technology family. The arrival of the SIM Application Toolkit and the Wireless Application Protocol promised to again change the face of commerce. Although market acceptance of these technologies proved to be initially slow, usage is set to increase exponentially within the next couple of years. A detailed analysis of these enabling technologies is presented in the dissertation. Possible attacks on these technologies are discussed in the latter part or this document. Based on the findings of the research, some changes to either the application architectures or the processing of the data have been suggested in order to enhance the security offered by these services. It is not the intent of this dissertation to redesign these applications, but to rather leverage off the current technologies in order to enable secure m-Commerce over these channels. This dissertation provides a detailed overview of basic services that any m-Commerce application should provide to the banking industry. These principles provide the foundation for securing any financial transaction over untrusted networks. Several mechanisms to provide these services are also discussed. Examples of such mechanisms include hash functions, Message Authentication Codes and Digital Signatures. The security of GSM networks has come under attack in the past. This is largely due to the fact that the GSM consortium opted to develop their security technologies in secret, rather than in the public domain. This dissertation aims to evaluate the security offered by GSM and assess potential attacks in order to further understand risks associated with m Commerce applications over GSM. In recent years there have been significant additions to the GSM enabling technology family. The arrival of the SIM Application Toolkit and the Wireless Application Protocol promised to again change the face of commerce. Although market acceptance of these technologies proved to be initially slow, usage is set to increase exponentially within the next couple of years. A detailed analysis of these enabling technologies is presented in the dissertation. Possible attacks on these technologies are discussed in the latter part or this document. Based on the findings of the research, some changes to either the application architectures or the processing of the data have been suggested in order to enhance the security offered by these services. It is not the intent of this dissertation to redesign these applications, but to rather leverage off the current technologies in order to enable secure m-Commerce over these channels. / Dissertation (M.Sc (Electronics))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted
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M-commerce jako nový fenomén nakupování / M-commerce as a new purchasing phenomenonDlouhá, Markéta January 2014 (has links)
(in English): Thesis deals with the phenomenon of m-commerce. History section briefly describes the evolution and significant moments for further development of this segment and its subsequent adaptation. It also discusses the types of transactions that are carried out through mobile devices and also about technologies that allow for a gradual transformation of these devices into multifunctional objects. The fourth chapter deals with the evaluation of practical research, which was carried out by me. The research was focused on the typology of purchases that are realized by Czech users through their mobile devices (smartphones and tablets) in relation to mobile smartphone platform, which they own.
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Mobile Payment Adoption During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Quantitative Study In GermanyHerget, Niklas, Steinmüller Krey, Philip January 2021 (has links)
Background: Emerging in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic profoundly changed consumer behaviour leading to social distancing and mitigating physical contact. Statistics show an increased use of contactless and mobile payment usage and adoption during the pandemic. It is unclear how valid previous models on mobile payment adoption explain adoption behaviour in emergency situations. While there are few studies approaching the adoption behaviour during the pandemic, there is also little previous research on mobile payment adoption prior to the pandemic in Germany. Purpose: The present thesis intends to advance several previously researched technological adoption frameworks to focus on and measure consumers’ perception of mobile payment technology adopting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, our model provides a basis to understand mobile payment adoption in Germany during the pandemic. Method: Based on hypotheses derived from an adapted UTAUT2 model, we conducted quantitative deductive research reaching 258 questionnaire participants based in Germany. The empirical data was analysed through structural equation modelling. Conclusion: The findings show that Performance Expectancy still represents the primary driver of intention to adopt mobile payments during the pandemic, yet it is strongly supported by the initially contextualised Contamination Avoidance element and complemented by Habit, Effort Expectancy. Practitioners benefit from the study to better tailor campaigns in accordance with the main driver of adoption behaviour, while our findings contribute new insights into technology adoption in Germany during emergency situations.
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Influence of Website Characteristics on Initial Trust in M-Commerce for Young ConsumersForsberg, Elin January 2021 (has links)
Lack of trust is argued to be one of the key reasons behind buyers’ reluctance to purchase online. In mobile commerce (m-commerce), gaining initial trust upon the first visit from prospective consumers highly depends on the design of the website. However, the number of qualitative empirical studies investigating what and how website characteristics affect initial trust in an unfamiliar m-commerce website remains limited. The aim of this thesis was thus to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of website characteristics on initial consumer trust in a m-commerce website, to provide insights for designers. An exploratory case study of the mobile version of an e-vendor’s website was conducted and qualitatively examined through Think-Aloud sessions and semi-structured interviews. By thematically analyzing the data, the following website characteristics were identified as influencing initial trust in an unknown m-commerce website: purposeful and clear visual design, internal design consistency, mobile adaptation and reading experience, content quality, similarity and expectations, social proof and external validation. Based on the insights, the study further provides recommendations to practitioners on how to design trustworthy m-commerce websites, both as support in the design pro-cess and for evaluation purposes. / Brist på förtroende anses vara en av de viktigaste orsakerna till att köpare tvekar att handla online. Att få initialt förtroende vid potentiella konsumenters första besök inom mobil handel (m-commerce) beror mycket på webbplatsens design. Antalet kvalitativa empiriska studier som undersöker vad och hur webbplatsens egenskaper påverkar initialt förtroende för en okänd m-handelswebbplats är dock fortfarande begränsat. Syftet med denna avhandling var således att få en djupare förståelse för hur webbplatsens egenskaper påverkar konsumenternas initiala för-troende för en mobil handelswebbplats, för att ge insikter till designers. En undersökande fall-studie av mobilversionen av en e-handlares webbplats genomfördes och undersöktes kvalitativt genom Think-Aloud-sessioner och halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Genom att tematiskt analysera den insamlade datan identifierades följande webbplatsegenskaper att påverka initialt förtroende för en okänd mobil handelswebbplats: målmedveten och tydlig visuell design, internt konsekvent design, mobilanpassning och läsupplevelse, innehållskvalitet, likhet och förväntningar, socialt bevis och extern validering. Baserat på insikterna ger studien rekommendationer till designers om hur man kan utforma pålitliga m-handelswebbplatser, både som stöd i designprocessen och för utvärdering.
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ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESS MODELING IM KONTEXT EINER ERFOLGSFAKTORENORIENTIERTEN STRATEGIE-ENTWICKLUNGRusnjak, MBA, Andreas 17 July 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Der e/mCommerce Markt ist einer der am stärksten wachsenden Märkte für den Absatz von Waren und Dienstleistungen in Deutschland. Bis 2020 wird erwartet, dass 20% des Umsatzes aus dem Einzelhandel (Non-Food) über elektronische Medien abgewickelt werden. Um erfolgreich in diesen Markt eindringen und bestehen zu können, sind genaue Kenntnisse über den Kunden und die relevanten Marktstrukturen sowie die Beherrschung der notwendigen Technologien notwendig. Die Entwicklungen des Internet und dessen Möglichkeiten (Web 1.0 → Web 3.0) sowie des Nutzerverhaltens zeigen auf, dass über die Technologie, die Produkte oder über den Preis alleine keine Wettbewerbsvorteile mehr generiert werden können. Marken- und Multi-Channel-Management, Serviceleistungen, die Interaktion mit dem Kunden sowie die Interaktion der Kunden untereinander (z.B. User Driven Innovation, Social Media bzw. Social Commerce) und die Beachtung relevanter Erfolgsfaktoren rücken damit verstärkt in den Fokus, um Raum und Potenziale für geeignete Strategien zur Generierung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen zu schaffen. Auf lange Sicht werden sich daher nur die Anbieter behaupten können, deren Business Models genau auf den Zielmarkt und die Kundenbedürfnisse zugeschnitten sind bzw. neue Märkte durch das Wecken neuer Bedürfnisse erschließen oder durch eine geschickte Gestaltung ihrer Business Models Effizienzvorteile und damit auch Kostenvorteile gegenüber dem Wettbewerb realisieren. Unternehmen wie Amazon, Dell, Ryan Air, 3M, Xerox, Virgin, Nintendo, Würth, Nokia, Lego, facebook, Google, etc. stellen eindrucksvoll dar, wie die (teils revolutionäre) Neuentwicklung bzw. Transformation ganzer Business Models oder Teile davon, häufig auch als Business Model Innovation bezeichnet, zu neuen Erlösquellen, Kundenzuwachs oder Wettbewerbsvorteilen führen kann.
Business Modeling kann dabei zusammenfassend als der Vorgang zur Erstellung eines Business Models bezeichnet werden, wobei Business Modeling nicht gleich Business Modeling ist. Diese Arbeit unterscheidet zwischen Entrepreneurial Business Modeling und Formal Business Modeling und befasst sich in ihrer Zielsetzung primär mit der Herleitung des Begriffs Entrepreneurial Business Modeling sowie damit verbundener Methoden und Werkzeuge. Dabei wird eine Einordnung in das Requirements-Engineering vorgenommen sowie ein Vorgehensmodell für Entrepreneurial Business Modeling und ein Business Model-Framework, zur Darstellung und Beschreibung von Business Models, entwickelt. Sowohl das Vorgehensmodell als auch das Business Model-Framework sollen dabei den Anspruch der Allgemeingültigkeit erfüllen. Zusätzlich werden zwei Prototypen vorgestellt, die Entrepreneurial Business Modeling-Aktivitäten unterstützen sollen. Vier Fallbeispiele aus dem studentischen und wirtschaftlichen Umfeld stellen die Praxistauglichkeit der im Rahmen dieser Niederschrift erarbeiteten Artefakte unter Beweis und deuten auch auf eine bestimmte Allgemeingültigkeit hin. Diese praxisorientierte Arbeit ermöglicht einen grundlegenden Einblick in ein junges Forschungsgebiet, stellt damit eine solide Ausgangsbasis für weitere Forschungen dar und schließt mit entsprechenden Empfehlungen dahingehend.
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ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESS MODELING IM KONTEXT EINER ERFOLGSFAKTORENORIENTIERTEN STRATEGIE-ENTWICKLUNG: Entwicklung eines Vorgehensmodells, Frameworks und Werkzeugs zur semiformalen Modellierung und Visualisierung früher Anforderungen von der Idee bis zum Produkt bzw. Startup im e/mCommerceRusnjak, MBA, Andreas 19 June 2013 (has links)
Der e/mCommerce Markt ist einer der am stärksten wachsenden Märkte für den Absatz von Waren und Dienstleistungen in Deutschland. Bis 2020 wird erwartet, dass 20% des Umsatzes aus dem Einzelhandel (Non-Food) über elektronische Medien abgewickelt werden. Um erfolgreich in diesen Markt eindringen und bestehen zu können, sind genaue Kenntnisse über den Kunden und die relevanten Marktstrukturen sowie die Beherrschung der notwendigen Technologien notwendig. Die Entwicklungen des Internet und dessen Möglichkeiten (Web 1.0 → Web 3.0) sowie des Nutzerverhaltens zeigen auf, dass über die Technologie, die Produkte oder über den Preis alleine keine Wettbewerbsvorteile mehr generiert werden können. Marken- und Multi-Channel-Management, Serviceleistungen, die Interaktion mit dem Kunden sowie die Interaktion der Kunden untereinander (z.B. User Driven Innovation, Social Media bzw. Social Commerce) und die Beachtung relevanter Erfolgsfaktoren rücken damit verstärkt in den Fokus, um Raum und Potenziale für geeignete Strategien zur Generierung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen zu schaffen. Auf lange Sicht werden sich daher nur die Anbieter behaupten können, deren Business Models genau auf den Zielmarkt und die Kundenbedürfnisse zugeschnitten sind bzw. neue Märkte durch das Wecken neuer Bedürfnisse erschließen oder durch eine geschickte Gestaltung ihrer Business Models Effizienzvorteile und damit auch Kostenvorteile gegenüber dem Wettbewerb realisieren. Unternehmen wie Amazon, Dell, Ryan Air, 3M, Xerox, Virgin, Nintendo, Würth, Nokia, Lego, facebook, Google, etc. stellen eindrucksvoll dar, wie die (teils revolutionäre) Neuentwicklung bzw. Transformation ganzer Business Models oder Teile davon, häufig auch als Business Model Innovation bezeichnet, zu neuen Erlösquellen, Kundenzuwachs oder Wettbewerbsvorteilen führen kann.
Business Modeling kann dabei zusammenfassend als der Vorgang zur Erstellung eines Business Models bezeichnet werden, wobei Business Modeling nicht gleich Business Modeling ist. Diese Arbeit unterscheidet zwischen Entrepreneurial Business Modeling und Formal Business Modeling und befasst sich in ihrer Zielsetzung primär mit der Herleitung des Begriffs Entrepreneurial Business Modeling sowie damit verbundener Methoden und Werkzeuge. Dabei wird eine Einordnung in das Requirements-Engineering vorgenommen sowie ein Vorgehensmodell für Entrepreneurial Business Modeling und ein Business Model-Framework, zur Darstellung und Beschreibung von Business Models, entwickelt. Sowohl das Vorgehensmodell als auch das Business Model-Framework sollen dabei den Anspruch der Allgemeingültigkeit erfüllen. Zusätzlich werden zwei Prototypen vorgestellt, die Entrepreneurial Business Modeling-Aktivitäten unterstützen sollen. Vier Fallbeispiele aus dem studentischen und wirtschaftlichen Umfeld stellen die Praxistauglichkeit der im Rahmen dieser Niederschrift erarbeiteten Artefakte unter Beweis und deuten auch auf eine bestimmte Allgemeingültigkeit hin. Diese praxisorientierte Arbeit ermöglicht einen grundlegenden Einblick in ein junges Forschungsgebiet, stellt damit eine solide Ausgangsbasis für weitere Forschungen dar und schließt mit entsprechenden Empfehlungen dahingehend.:Inhaltsverzeichnis VII
Abbildungsverzeichnis IX
Tabellenverzeichnis XII
Abkürzungsverzeichnis XIII
Zusammenfassung 1
1 Einleitung 2
1.1 Ausgangssituation 2
1.2 Problemstellung 4
1.3 Zielsetzung 5
1.4 Aufbau der Arbeit 8
1.5 Wissenschaftliche Einordnung 9
2 Grundlagen 13
2.1 Business Modeling 13
2.1.1 Begriffsbestimmung \"Business Model\" und \"Business Modeling\" 13
2.1.2 Abgrenzung zum Business Engineering 22
2.1.3 Business Model-Management-Modi 25
2.1.4 Business Model-Ansätze 26
2.1.5 Business Model-Komponenten 30
2.1.6 Erfolgsrelevanz 36
2.2 Strategie 37
2.2.1 Begriffsbestimmung 37
2.2.2 Strategieentwicklung 39
2.2.3 Marktorientierter Ansatz 41
2.2.4 Ressourcenorientierter Ansatz 42
2.2.5 Einordnung beider Ansätze in den Strategieentwicklungsprozess 43
2.3 Kritische Erfolgsfaktoren 45
2.3.1 Traditionelle Erfolgsfaktoren 45
2.3.2 Erfolgsfaktoren im eBusiness/ eCommerce 47
2.3.3 Erfolgsfaktoren im mBusiness/ mCommerce 49
2.4 Early Requirements Engineering 53
2.4.1 Begriffsbestimmung und Entwicklung des Requirements Engineerings 53
2.4.2 Early und Late Requirements 56
2.4.3 Zielorientierte Requirements Engineering Ansätze 59
3 Entrepreneurial Business Modeling 68
3.1 Business Model oder Strategie - Was kommt zuerst? 68
3.2 Business Modeling im Kontext der Evolution einer Organisation 71
3.2.1 Early Stage 72
3.2.2 Expansion Stage 74
3.2.3 Later Stage 76
3.3 Komponenten des Entrepreneurial Business Modeling 79
3.4 Gestaltungsfaktoren 88
4 Vorgehensmodell: EBM2Loop 94
4.1 Erfolgsfaktorenorientierter Managementprozess 94
4.2 Loop 1: Design-Loop 96
4.3 Bridge-Phase 100
4.4 Loop 2: Administration-Loop 103
4.5 Einordnung in die Business Model-Management-Modi 106
5 Framework: Business Model-Poster 111
5.1 Vision 112
5.2 Value Proposition 113
5.3 Value Configuration 115
5.3.1 Key Resources 116
5.3.2 Key Activities 116
5.3.3 Customer Relationships 117
5.3.4 Channels 118
5.4 Customers 119
5.5 Key Partners 120
5.6 Revenue Model 122
5.7 Cost Structure 123
5.8 Critical Success Factors 123
5.9 Strategies 126
5.10 Anwendungsbeispiel: Apple 126
6 Softwarelösung: i*-basierter Business Modeler (ibBM) 130
6.1 Kombiniertes Erfolgsfaktorenmodell 130
6.2 Erweiterung der vorhandenen i*-Notation 131
6.3 ibBM-Prototyp: ePOINT.EC 134
6.4 ibBM-Prototyp: ePOINT.SL 140
7 Validierung 145
7.1 Studierende: Business Modeling 145
7.1.1 Curricular 145
7.1.2 Außercurricular 149
7.2 Startup: Business Modeling 153
7.3 Konzern: Business Case Modeling 160
7.4 Vergleich der Prototypen ePOINT.EC und ePOINT.SL 168
8 Fazit und Ausblick 173
8.1 Zusammenfassung und Erkenntnisse 173
8.2 Kritische Würdigung 176
8.3 Weitere Forschungsthemen und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten 178
Stichwortverzeichnis A
Literaturverzeichnis D
Eidesstattliche Erklärung R
Referenzen S
Anlagen T
Lebenslauf VV
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Mobile Payment Use and Mobile Payment Transactions by Older Adults : A Qualitative StudyKolaki, Maria January 2017 (has links)
The research outlined in this thesis focuses on the effects of implementation and use of mobile payments as experienced by older adults aged 55-75, as qualitatively examined through research interviewees (hereafter participants of this study) made up of individuals with varying cultural and technological backgrounds, who are acclimated to Greece’s culture and have lived within the country for at least a decade. Their own perception and reception of the practice allows for a more comprehensive look into the practical application of the technology within the country. No empirical studies are available on the aforementioned topic, despite the high importance and need for such study. Therefore, this research is carried out through a literature review. It then analyzes two models namely technology acceptance model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. It applies a phenomenological research method and provides us with a more concise, contextualized background into the widespread application of m-payment and m-commerce within the country. This research contributes new knowledge to m-payment and m-commerce through theoretical and empirical research and benefits the interpretation of a recently emerging phenomenon. The research results are useful to various groups associated with mpayments and m-commerce. Future research directions concerning this phenomenon involve the reception and enhancement of m-payment methods by older adults.
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Blippa dig till en sömlös handel! : En experimentell studie om hur digital teknik i den fysiska butiken höjer butiksupplevelsen / Tap your way to seamless commerce! : An experimental study on how digital technology in the physical store increases the store experienceEklund, Emelie, Diliwi, Aweza Midia January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Det råder en allmän oro rörande den fysiska butikens framtid. Ett paradigmskifte inom detaljhandeln innebär att den fysiska butiken, för att upprätthålla effektiva och lönsamma affärer, inte längre kan förlita sig på historiskt framgångsrika affärsmodeller och praxis. Istället anses teknik tillsammans med exceptionell service vara två av de viktigaste strategiska faktorerna, vilka kan komma att rädda den fysiska butikens existens. De företag som framgångsrikt lyckas konkurrera via tekniskt levererad service, kommer också långsiktigt att möta efterfrågan hos den digitala kunden. Syfte: Denna masteruppsats syftar till att undersöka vilken effekt som integrering av digitala tekniker i fysisk butik har på kundens upplevelse av butik. Studien ämnar även undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar förhållandet mellan kundens upplevelse av butik och digital teknik. Metod: Syftet uppfylls genom att studera en faktisk butik, där en digital teknik, Near Field Communication (NFC), integrerats. Studien är i den bemärkelsen en fallstudie. Vidare har en experimentell forskningsdesign av kvalitativ karaktär anammats, där den empiriska datan huvudsakligen grundar sig i semistrukturerade konsumentintervjuer. Slutsats: En stor majoritet av respondenterna ansåg att den testade tekniken kunde få dem att handla i fysisk butik oftare. Följaktligen påvisar integrering av digital teknik i fysisk butik en positiv effekt på kundens upplevelse av butik, där integrering och användning av NFC-tekniken möjliggör en höjning av kundens upplevelse. Resultatet påvisar vidare att faktorer som flexibilitet, effektivitet, tillgänglighet, valmöjligheter, bekvämlighet, upplevd tid och energi samt generationstillhörighet påverkar förhållandet mellan kundens upplevelse av butik och digital teknik. / Background and problem discussion: There is a general concern about the future of the physical store. A paradigm shift in retail means that the physical store, in order to maintain efficient and profitable business, can no longer rely on historically successful business models and practices. Instead, technology together with exceptional service is considered to be two of the most important strategic factors, which may save the physical store's existence. Purpose: This master thesis aims to investigate the effect that integration of digital technologies in the physical store have on the customer’s experience of the store. The study also aims to investigate which factors affect the relationship between the customer's experience of the store and digital technology. Method: The purpose is fulfilled by studying one actual store, where one digital technology, Near Field Communication (NFC), has been integrated. In this sense, the study is a case study. Furthermore, an experimental research design of a qualitative nature has been adopted, where the empirical data is mainly based on semi-structured consumer interviews. Conclusion: A large majority of respondents felt that the tested technology could make them shop in a physical store more often. Consequently, the integration of digital technology into the physical store demonstrates a positive effect on the customer's experience of the store, where integration and use of the NFC technology enables an increase in the customer's experience. The result also shows that factors such as flexibility, efficiency, availability, IV choice, convenience, perceived time and energy and generation affiliation affect the relationship between the customer's experience and digital technology.
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Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial servicesPerlman, Leon Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
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