Japansk populärkultur får allt fler fans i Sverige och svenska ungdomar inspireras av popartister, japanskt mode och framför allt de speciella tecknade serieformerna - manga och anime. Den här uppsatsen behandlar språkandet inom den svensk-japanska subkulturen med fokus på slanguttryck, språkblandning och lånord. Syftet är att undersöka kommunikation inom subkulturen och ta fram de speciella ord som används där. Materialet som analyserats är bildtexter och kommentarer publicerade på internetcommunityt Dayviews. Tio deltagare i gruppen "Cosplayare" har bevakats under tre månaders tid och de ord som är speciella för deras kommunikation har tagits ut och sorterats i olika kategorier. Användningen av dessa ord har också analyserats ur både ett fonologiskt och ett morfologiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att studiens informanter har ett stort ordförråd med japanska ord som används som slangord i kommunikation som annars sker på svenska. Dessa ord är ofta interjektioner, personord och titlar eller så kallade utfyllnadsord. Förutom de japanska orden finns det gott om subkulturtypiska ord, det vill säga begrepp som är viktiga för de speciella aktiviteter och medier som ingår i den japanska populärkulturen. Kommunikationen som beskrivs i resultatet kan tolkas som en form av ungdomsspråk eller internetspråk, med slangord från olika språk, specifika ordtyper och ett kreativt förhållande till stavning, ordbildning och användande av olika symboler. De specifika ord som används i subkulturen blir till markörer för språkgemenskapen och konstruerar en egen stil som individerna kan använda för att forma sin identitet. I diskussion av resultatet beskrivs till sist en förklaringsteori med det språksociologiska begreppet ackommodation som drivkraft för att använda japanska ord, där språkanvändarna visar identifikation med den egna gruppen men också med fiktiva karaktärer från de populära serierna.

This study aimed to characterize pineapple, passion fruit and mango byproducts and select the material with the greatest potential as food ingredient to be applied in two food products: beef burger and corn extruded product. Fiber was the major component present in pineapple and passion fruit byproducts (>50%), and, due to this, they showed considerable water holding capacity. The fruit byproducts had considerable phenolic content and antioxidant activity, especially the mango byproduct. The results of the microbial counts and the content of pesticides residues of the byproducts were within the limits established by the Brazilian law and were safe for food application. Due to the high fiber amount and the functional properties presented, the byproducts were explored considering this potential. Thus, the sample with the best results was selected and evaluated as partial fat replacer in beef burger and as source of fiber in a corn extruded product. The first step of the beef burger application evaluated each byproduct in four concentrations (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%), along with canola oil, as partial fat replacers. All byproducts improved the cooking properties of the burgers, especially the pineapple. Sensory analysis showed that color, odor and overall acceptance were not affected by the treatments. Based on the results, pineapple byproduct, at the concentration of 1.5%, was selected for further studies. Pineapple byproduct (1.5%) and canola oil (5%) were evaluated as partial animal fat replacers in low-fat beef burger. Five treatments were performed: conventional (20% fat) and four formulations with 10% of fat: control, with pineapple byproduct, with canola oil, and with pineapple byproduct and canola oil. Pineapple byproduct incorporation improved the cooking properties and the texture (shear force) and canola oil addition improved the lipid profile, without reducing the shelf life of the burgers. The quantitative descriptive analysis indicated that the use of the two fat replacers together can be an alternative choice to minimize the sensory alterations of the fat reduction. As the final step of this study, the potential application of pineapple byproduct in a corn extruded product for fiber enhancement was evaluated. During extrusion, byproduct (0, 10.5, and 21%), moisture (14, 15, and 16%) and temperature (140 and 160 °C) were evaluated. Pineapple byproduct addition decreased expansion and luminosity, while increasing redness of the extrudates compared to the control (0% byproduct/14% moisture/140 °C). When hardness, yellowness, water absorption, and bulk density were compared to the control, there was no effect of 10.5% addition on the extrudates, indicating that, at this level, pineapple byproduct could be added without promoting significant alterations in the properties of the final extruded product. The results of this study highlight the potential of pineapple byproduct in the development of new products, bringing the opportunity to convert them into value-added food ingredients. / Este estudo objetivou caracterizar subprodutos de abacaxi, maracujá e manga e selecionar aquele com maior potencial como ingrediente alimentício para ser aplicado em dois produtos: hambúrguer bovino e extrusado de milho. A fibra foi o maior componente presente nos subprodutos de abacaxi e maracujá (>50%) e, devido a isto, eles mostraram considerável capacidade de retenção de água. Os subprodutos de frutas apresentaram teor de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante considerável, especialmente o de manga. Os resultados das contagens microbianas e dos teores de resíduos de agrotóxicos dos subprodutos apresentaram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira, estando seguros para aplicação em alimentos. Devido ao alto teor de fibra e às propriedades funcionais apresentadas, os subprodutos foram explorados considerando-se este potencial. Dessa forma, a amostra com melhores resultados foi selecionada e avaliada como substituto parcial de gordura em hambúrguer bovino e como fonte de fibras em extrusado de milho. A primeira etapa da aplicação em hambúrguer bovino avaliou cada subproduto em quatro concentrações (1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5%), juntamente com o óleo de canola, como substitutos parciais de gordura. Todos os subprodutos melhoraram as propriedades de cozimento dos hambúrgueres, especialmente o de abacaxi. A análise sensorial mostrou que cor, odor e aceitação global não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. Através dos resultados, o subproduto de abacaxi, na concentração de 1,5%, foi selecionado para estudos complementares. Subproduto de abacaxi (1,5%) e óleo de canola (5%) foram avaliados como substitutos parciais de gordura animal em hambúrguer bovino com teor reduzido de gordura. Cinco tratamentos foram realizados: convencional (20% gordura) e quatro formulações com 10% de gordura: controle, com subproduto de abacaxi, com óleo de canola, e com subproduto de abacaxi e óleo de canola. A incorporação do subproduto de abacaxi melhorou as propriedades de cozimento e a textura (força de cisalhamento) e a adição do óleo de canola melhorou o perfil lipídico, sem reduzir a vida útil dos hambúrgueres. A análise descritiva quantitativa indicou que o uso dos dois substitutos de gordura em conjunto pode ser uma alternativa adequada para minimizar alterações sensoriais da redução da gordura. Como fase final deste estudo, o potencial da aplicação de subproduto de abacaxi em extrusado de milho visando o aumento do teor de fibras foi avaliado. Durante a extrusão, subproduto (0, 10,5, 21%), umidade (14, 15, e 16%) e temperatura (140 e 160 °C) foram avaliados. A adição do subproduto de abacaxi diminuiu a expansão e a luminosidade, enquanto que aumentou a intensidade de cor vermelha dos extrusados comparados com o controle (0% subproduto/14% umidade/140 °C). Quando a dureza, intensidade de cor amarela, absorção de água e densidade foram comparadas com o controle, não houve efeito da adição de 10,5% sobre os extrusados, indicando que, neste nível, o subproduto de abacaxi pode ser adicionado, sem promover alterações significativas sobre as propriedades do produto final. Os resultados deste estudo destacam o potencial do subproduto de abacaxi no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, trazendo a oportunidade de convertê-los em ingredientes alimentícios com valor agregado.

Mit dem Begriff Comic wird eine kontingente und veränderbare künstlerisch-mediale Form bezeichnet, in der u. a. die Kombination von Bild und Text sowie eine sequentielle Bildfolge als zentrale formal-ästhetische Charakteristika gelten können. Die Kategorie Gender besitzt in Comics eine grundlegende strukturierende Funktion, die sich sowohl in der Produktion und Rezeption als auch in den Inhalten von und der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Comics niederschlägt.

Introducción: La obesidad es un problema de salud pública y la cirugía bariátrica es considerada como un tratamiento efectivo a largo plazo. Estos procedimientos tienen una mortalidad de hasta el 0.08% dentro de los 30 días postoperatorios y una tasa de complicaciones de hasta el 17%. El índice neutrófilo linfocito (INL) es un marcador de inflamación que ha sido utilizado como marcador pronóstico en diversas patologías inflamatorias y cirugías. Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de evaluar el rendimiento del índice neutrófilo-linfocito (INL) preoperatorio como predictor de complicaciones tempranas posterior a la gastrectomía en manga. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo a partir del análisis de la base de datos institucional de la Clínica Avendaño durante los años 2017 a 2020. El índice neutrófilo linfocito se calculó a partir del hemograma preoperatorio. Se cálculo el área bajo la curva para determinar el rendimiento del INL preoperatorio como predictor de complicaciones tempranas post gastrectomía en manga y se presentaron diferentes escenarios de acuerdo a los puntos de corte de INL con sus respectivos parámetros estadísticos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 387 pacientes operados por gastrectomía en manga en la Clínica Avendaño. De dichos pacientes, 45 pacientes presentaron complicaciones en los 30 primeros días postoperatorios (11.6%). El área bajo la curva para INL como predictor de complicaciones generales tempranas post gastrectomía en manga fue de 0.423 y para complicaciones severas fue de 0.392. Conclusión: El INL preoperatorio no es un buen predictor de complicaciones tempranas por gastrectomía en manga. / Background: Obesity is a public health problem. Bariatric surgery is an effective long term treatment for obesity. This procedure has a mortality up to 0.08% during the 30 days postoperative and up to 17% of complications. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker used for prognostic of inflammatory diseases and surgery. Objectives: The objective of our study is to evaluate the utility of preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of early postoperative complications of sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study by the analysis of the institutional data base of Clinica Avendaño between 2017 and 2020. NLR values were obtained from the preoperative complete blood count. We calculated the ROC curve and different cut points with their statistic parameters for NLR as predictor of early postoperative complications after sleeve gastrectomy. Results: A total of 387 patients went under sleeve gastrectomy. Of the patients, 45 patients (11.6%) had early postoperative complications. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC curve) for NLR as predictor of early complications post sleeve gastrectomy was 0.423 and 0.392 for severe complications. Conclusion: Preoperative NLR it’s not a good predictor for early postoperative complications for sleeve gastrectomy. / Tesis

Dans un effort pour mettre en valeur la pertinence de l’étude du jeu de cartes japonais Yu-Gi-Oh en tant que facteur non négligeable de la construction identitaire de ses joueurs, ce mémoire s’intéresse à l’analyse du rapport qu’entretiennent lesdits joueurs à leur jeu fétiche. Pour ce faire ce travail s’intéresse à trois des spécificités qui caractérisent le jeu de cartes Yu-Gi-Oh à savoir : l’élaboration transmédiatique de sa narration, le caractère décisif des interactions entre ses joueurs ainsi que l’appropriation personnalisée du jeu par les participants. A la croisée de multiples disciplines telles que la psychologie, la ludologie, la narratologie ou encore la sociologie et soutenues par plus deux mois de terrain, les analyses et propos présentés dans ce travail ont également pour objectif d’offrir une plongée aussi immersive qu’enrichissante au sein du milieu socio-culturel des joueurs de Yu-Gi-Oh rappelant du même coup l’importance que peut avoir la pratique ludique pour l’être humain moderne. Enfin, avec ce devoir j’espère pouvoir démontrer que les joueurs de Yu-Gi-Oh ont tendance à se raconter des histoires à propos d’eux-mêmes à partir de leur médium de choix. Les cartes aussi ont une histoire. / In an effort to highlight the relevance of the study of the Japanese card game Yu-Gi-Oh as a significant factor in the « identity building » of its players, this master thesis focuses on the analysis of the relationship between said players to their favorite game. To do this, this work focuses on three of the specificities that characterize the Yu-Gi-Oh card game, namely: the transmedia development of its narration, the decisive nature of the interactions between its players as well as the personalized appropriation of the game by the participants. At the crossroads of multiple disciplines such as psychology, ludology, narratology or sociology and supported by more than two months of fieldwork, the analyzes and remarks presented in this work also aim to offer a dive as immersive as it is enriching within the socio-cultural environment of Yu-Gi-Oh players recalling at the same time the importance that playful practice can hold for the modern man. Finally, with this work i hope to be able to demonstrate that Yu-Gi-Oh players tend to tell stories about themselves from their medium of choice. Cards also have stories to themself.

This research thesis is an exploration into what possibilities lie beyond the representation of analog material when it transcends into the digital realm. Specifically, how printed comics can be altered in realtime by creator- allowed user interaction, when adapted for presentation within the digital sphere of mobile smartphones and computer tablets. Using legacy computer-game techniques like parallax scrolling with modern digital layer filters, device sensors and applying them in realtime to the comic creators digitally layered content, alternative forms of presentation arise.This is an investigation into the comic creator’s will of allowing possibilities of added depth perception, interactivity and alternative visual narratives in their comic, manga or graphic novels when employing new techniques based on sensor data input from a reader, like accelerometer-, gyroscope- or eye-tracking sensors. Several different techniques are evaluated. The focus is mainly on the context of creators of comics or manga who use digital tools and layer compositions when producing their work. Several aspects of the user-centered experience are also explored.Although mainly an interaction design project, most of the design methods are used from a service design approach, emphasizing co-design techniques like interviews, observations and user tests. The results are digital prototypes and proof-of-concepts featuring technology tests that support final design conclusions.The results will show both enthusiasm and reluctance from test subjects towards the new technologies presented. The professional craft of comic, manga and graphic novel creation has a deeply rooted aesthetic and production cycle in its history of the printed form. It could be difficult to alter its standard, reverence and nostalgia in the eyes of its readers and creators, when pursuing the digital format and narrative possibilities of the future. A video explaining the project’s “Drawn To Life” technology is available online.

This thesis addresses the phenomenon of the recent success of foreign-born mangaka in the Japanese comic industry. One in a long line of foreigners who have written about Japan, Swedish mangaka Åsa Ekström is a representative example whose success has been facilitated by a set of circumstances brought on by the influence of the international manga market, socio-economic policies stemming from the unique challenges presented by Japan’s declining birthrate and rapidly aging population, and changes in the landscape of the Japanese publishing industry. Drawing upon themes and excerpts from Ekström’s popular comic essay series, Nordic Girl Åsa discovers the Mysteries of Japan (Hokuō joshi Ōsa ga mitsuketa Nihon no fushigi 北欧女子オーサが見つけた日本の不思議), this thesis explores those facets of her skilled background in conjunction with the aforementioned circumstances that have contributed to her success, including the influence of internationalization, effects of an increasingly digitized publishing industry, and proliferation of vocational manga schools encouraging overseas student enrollment. By doing so, this thesis attempts to answer the question of whether foreign participation in what has been traditionally considered a closed market is reflective of a globalizing Japan, and determine the future of the market for comic essays by foreign-born mangaka.

This thesis examines the embodiment of the sexed body and the struggle of fitting into the narrow frames of what a woman is supposed to behave and look like in Japanese cinema. Using the medium of film, I, therefore, seek to produce knowledge regarding the internalized gaze of the oppressor, and self-objectification, caused by the capitalist heteropatriarchy. Thus, I am drawing from cyborg feminism, and the second wave of sexual difference theory’s concept of becoming, expanded upon by the Italian-Australian philosopher Rosi Braidotti. I further use the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of masculine domination and the American philosopher Gayle Rubin’s charmed circle, in creating a theoretical framework, and using the methods of cultural and feminist film analysis to contextualize the films and locate the subjectification of the women. The movies that I will be analyzing are the Japanese director and poet Sion Sono’s Antiporno (アンチポルノ, 2016) and the Japanese director and photographer Mika Ninagawa’s Helter Skelter (ヘルタースケルター, 2012), which both center around two women and their struggle in becoming-cyborg, in relation to power, trauma, sexuality, technology, and beauty ideals in ‘modernized’ Japan. In that sense, I will study the phenomenon of operating outside the lines of social norms of femininity and desire.

Upbringing and psychological make-up inspire individual norms for beauty and cuteness. The mannerist approach in my work is a product of the figural liberties found in cartooning, illustration and art history. By altering facial and bodily features, I relate the proportions of an infant to cuteness and innocence. However, I tailor the photographs to empower the subjects all the while mirroring trends in contemporary pop culture. I'm interested in themes of everyday life, vitality and emotion placed in obscure, imaginary or exaggerated venues. I fictionalize subjects of my reality to compel viewers to identify with and fancy emotions, circumstances, moods and relationships. The intent is to amplify, yet be truer to their existence and idiosyncrasies through figural adaptations.