This analysis concerns four picture books that in different ways address the topic of children in rainbow families. The purpose of the study is to analyse how rainbow families are portrayed in the picture books by the authors and illustrators. In carrying out the analysis, we assess how the texts and pictures are used to depict the families. We also look at how the books are didactically structured to raise the reader’s awareness of rainbow families. Our hope is that this study will inspire teachers to use picture books when teaching to broaden students’ understanding of different family structures. One result of the analysis is that the formation of a family plays a significant part in these books. We have also observed that the books are didactic in different ways to draw attention to and normalise families with homosexual parents. All four picture books have their depiction of the families in common - they all show the families as happy with parents in stable relationships.

Master of Science / Department of Psychological Sciences / Laura A. Brannon / Previous research has repeatedly demonstrated that undergraduate students overrate others’ norm comfort with and consumption of alcohol (i.e., Prentice & Miller, 1993). This is a dangerous misperception, as students are increasing their personal alcohol intake and / or frequency in order to match their incorrect perception of how much everyone else is drinking. Already assuming that their peers are more comfortable with, and consume more, alcohol than they do, college students’ perception of norm alcohol use may be influenced by peer comments indicating approval / disapproval of alcohol use. Thus, the present study experimentally tested whether a positive or negative comment in reaction to a portrayal of excessive drinking would influence participants’ perceptions of drinking behavior among their campus peers, and whether the sex of the person making the comment differentially influences participants’ perceptions of each sex’s extent of participation in drinking. Participants’ perceptions of drinking behavior were not influenced by the confederate comment nor confederate sex; however, participants consistently estimated that the drinking norm is higher for males than females. Additionally, female participants perceived the drinking norm to be higher than did male participants. Participants’ ratings of the confederates did differ, however, depending on the comment; participants rated the confederates more favorably when the comment made was negative / criticizing of excessive drinking than when the comment made was positive / endorsing of excessive drinking.

This essay is based on two selfexperienced situations. I examine my role as a preschool educationalist where children are prevented from expressing their emotions freely. The essay opens with a description of a middaysnack and the other story tells about a girl who is not allowed to decide herself when her sadness ends. The purpose of my examination is to problematize and reflect around the educationalists and my own encountering of the children in my stories. What does it mean to be a good educationalist when encountering children who express strong feelings? Which norms are created in the group of children when the individuals consistently are met by a silencing behaviour when in need of comforting? The situations themselves are not unique, they appear in different settings  relatively often. I will also reflect on my own practical knowledge in relation to the stories as well as set my thoughts against the regulatory documents regarding swedish preshool. These thoughts will be examined in this essay against theories such as relation competence, children's emotional development and theories surrounding shame and norms. / Den här essän är baserad på två självupplevda situationer. Jag undersöker min roll som förskolepedagog i situationer där barn hindras från att uttrycka sina känslor fritt. Essän inleds med en beskrivning av ett mellanmål och den andra berättelsen handlar om hur en flicka inte tillåts avgöra själv när hennes ledsenhet är slut. Syftet med min undersökning är att problematisera och reflektera kring pedagogernas och mitt eget bemötande av barnen i mina berättelser. Vad innebär det att vara en god pedagog i mötet med barn som uttrycker starka känslor? Vilka normer skapas i barngruppen när individerna konsekvent möts av ett tystande beteende då de är i behov av tröst? Situationerna är i sig inte unika, utan de förekommer i olika former relativt ofta. Jag kommer också reflektera över min egen praktiska kunskap i förhållande till berättelserna samt så ställer jag min reflektion mot min tolkning av styrdokumentens krav gällande den svenska förskolan. Jag använder mig av teorier som relationskompetens, barns känslomässiga utveckling och teori om skam och normer.

In an ever-changing society, what is considered normal is also changing. Gender issues, ethnical questions and groups of people that have not been considered "norm" in the past are now visible and present phenomena in our everyday lives. The Swedish curriculum consists of two parts where the first is common values that are to be lived and taught in the classroom. The second part is the subject’s syllabi, with the aims and goals of e.g. the subject of history. Research shows that the subject of History is one of the school subjects were teachers put the largest amount of trust in the textbook. With no governmental control of the books, there is a big need to examine if the most commonly used history textbook follows the curriculum in not only the subject of history, but also in the values presented. Does it contain specific norms when it comes to people based on gender, sexuality, ethnicity, age, handicap, religion or transgender identity? The aim of this study is to through critical discourse analysis, examine the discursive construction of these groups, with focus on the norm, using post-colonial theory, queer theory and a term called "and-history". Our results show that there is a systematic otherisation in all categories throughout the book.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Åhléns challenge existing gender norms and stereotypes in their campaign Bryt klädmaktsordningen. The study also wish to highlight the reactions that the campaign has received on Åhléns Facebook-page. The theoretical starting point is based on theories concerning representation and stereotypes and specifically how these theories can be seen in the context of advertising campaigns. The concepts of norms and norms criticism has been established and the concept of sex and gender has been discussed within the theoretical framework. Theories of semiotics has also been presented to provide a basis to the two qualitative methods in the study. First, a semiotic picture analysis is used to analyze the visual elements of the material. Then, a thematic text analysis is used to analyze the textual material consisted of comments from the Facebook-page. The result of the semiotic analysis shows that Åhléns challenge gender norms and stereotypes by presenting women and men in contrary to what is expected of them. A part of the result that was found a bit surprising is that the analysis also shows that the presentation is not entirely equitable between the men and women. The result of the thematic text analysis is first categorised into five different themes: “shouts of encouragement”, “keep politics away!”, “threats of boycott”, “great, but…” and “campaign defender”. The result shows that the reactions largely stands for or against Åhléns, this campaign or norm critical advertising. A surprising result was those who both praised and condemned Åhléns or campaign in the same comment. Based on the result, the conclusion is that Åhléns can participate and highlight social problems through their marketing communication and that they have done so by challenging the previling norms in the camaign. The fact that Åhléns has chosen to take a stand on gender norms through this campaign also shows that a norm critical advertising campaign can lead to a community discussion regarding prevailing gender norms.

Fokus i denna uppsats är relationen mellan tre forskningsfält: svensk kritisk ras- och rasismforskning, den interkulturella pedagogiken respektive forskning på ras i utbildning och SLA. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska konstruktiva förbindelser mellan dessa forskningsfält och inom dem centrala begrepp, vilket görs genom en diffraktiv läsning av ett urval av svensk kritisk ras- och rasismforskning, två verk om interkulturell pedagogik samt ett urval av svensk och internationell forskning på ras i andraspråksutbildning. Frågeställningarna kretsar bland annat kring hur vi kan försåt relationen mellan begrepp som monokulturell norm, enspråkig norm, etnicitet, ras och rasism. Karen Barads teori kring agentisk realism utgör det teoretiska ramverk uppsatsen utgår från. Även den diffraktiva metoden och metodologiska frågeställningar utgår från detta perspektiv. Resultatet visar att normerande forskning på interkulturell pedagogik rymmer en färgblindhet och former av begripliggörande av rasism som tenderar att dölja och naturalisera det fenomen den interkulturella pedagogiken ämnar utmana, det vill säga den strukturella rasismen/skillnadsskapandet. Resultatet lyfter språkets potentiella roll som central aspekt i en rasifierad, hierarkisk samhällsformation och förhållandet mellan å enda sidan språk och å andra sidan vithetsnorm och hegemonisk vithet problematiseras. Analysen påvisar monokulturell norm och enspråkig norm som osynliggörande av egentlig vithetsnorm respektive potentiell vithetsnorm. Även en blindhet för vithetsprivilegier och ett osynliggörande av erfarenheter av rasism problematiseras i relation till det undersökta urvalet av litteratur på interkulturell pedagogik. Denna läsning av den interkulturella pedagogiken kan, för att tala med Sara Ahmed, utifrån sin inkluderande strävan betraktas som en möjlighet för det vita (pedagog-/forskar-) subjektet att skriva in sig själv i historien om den mångkulturella skolan som ett antirasistiskt subjekt inom ramen för en hegemonisk vithet. Resultatet ligger i linje med tidigare både internationell och svensk forskning som pekar mot relevansen av ras och vithet som analyskategorier i relation till utbildning och SLA. Implikationerna för SVA-fältet och SVA-forskning är bland annat vikten av en kritisk vaksamhet kring frågor om epistemiskt berättigande och vem som studerar vem i en kontext karaktäriserad av post-kolonialism och hegemonisk vithet. Även det fruktbara i ras och rasifiering som analytiska kategorier i intersektionella analyser av utbildning påtalas.

Hard preppers and soft Values Survival of the fittest. Who is prepared for a crisis, and who will survive? What type of knowledge is needed to survive in todays society? When I received the folder ”If Crisis or War Comes” from MSB (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) I felt a shiver of individualistic expectations to provide and protect yourself in a society where you can’t trust the community. This project is an attempt to challenge the camouflage green violent aesthetics disguised in a highly multifunctional pocketknife. An attempt to challenge who will survive. This is a project about discussing survival from a class and norm perspective thought aesthetics. Discussed in parts as prepping in food and water prepping and defense. All of them in a technique and aesthetics that provokes the topic and challenge the individualism of todays prepping system.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur en grupp gymnasieelever ser på sitt eget och andras identitetsskapande i förhållande till media.  Frågeställningar: ●       Vilken inverkan anser deltagarna att media har på deras sociala kön och kroppsuppfattning? ●       Ser deltagarna någon skillnad på hur killar och tjejer förhåller sig till media i sitt identitetskapande? ●       Vad anser deltagarna att de normer och ideal som media förmedlar innebär för deras identitetsskapande?   Sammanfattning: Vår datainsamlingsmetod har bestått av två kvalitativa gruppintervjuer som genomförts på gymnasieskolor med deltagare som går sitt tredje år. Vid analysen av den insamlade empirin har vår teoretiska utgångspunkt varit Socialkonstruktionism och fenomenologin vår förståelsegrund.  Vid analysen har vi använt oss utav IPA – metoden. Viktiga begrepp har varit identitetskapande, socialt kön, kroppsuppfattning, självkänsla och media. Vi ville få reda på hur en grupp gymnasieelever ser på sitt och andras identitetsskapande i förhållande till media.  Detta resultat presenteras i tio teman under rubrikerna; Tillgänglighetens dilemma, Att ha distans, Vem skall man lyssna på?, Säger en bild mer än tusen ord?, Att sätta kön på en egenskap, Att vara tjej - ett kravfyllt uppdrag, Att bli medveten om sin kropp, Overklig verklighet, Bekräftelse - att få “likes” och Att överträffa sig själv. Det vi fann var att deltagarna ansåg att media, och där i främst den sociala median, var med och påverkade identitetsskapandet ur flera aspekter. Vi fann att deltagarna ansåg att de sociala medierna används delvis för att spegla sin egen identitet i andras, då de talade om att identiteten skapas socialt. Det framkom från deltagarna att de ansåg individer oftast endast visar de positiva sidorna av livet på de sociala medierna, vilket resulterar i en press att alltid överträffa sig själv och andra. / Title: “All of our upbringing has kind of become public”- A qualitative study on how a group of high school students views their own and others construction of identity in relation to media. Authors: Elisabeth Lindberg & Emelie Bokdalen. Level: Bachelors Thesis 15 Higher Education Credits. Subject: Social work. Program: Program in Social pedagogy, 180 Higher Education Credits, University West. Term: Spring term 2013. Supervisor: Åsa Andersson.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how a group of high school students view their own and other people’s identity construction in relation to media.   Problem statements: ●   What kind of impact does the youth consider that media has on their social sex and body image? ●   Does the youth see any difference between how guys and girls relate to media in their identity construction? ●   What impact does the youth consider that the norms and ideals that media conveys have on their identity construction? Summary: Our datacollection method consisted of two qualitative group interviews conducted in high schools with participants who are completing their third year. Socialconstructionism has been our theoretical starting point in the analysis of the empirical data together with phenomenology as a basis of understanding. When analyzing the material we used the IPA method. Key words have been identity construction, social sex, body image, self-esteem and media. We wanted to know how a group of high school students views their and other people’s identity construction in relation to media. This result was presented in ten themes with the headlines; The accessibility’s dilemma, To be distant, Who should you listen to?, Does a picture say more than a thousand words?, To put gender on an attribute,  To be a girl - a demanding mission, To become conscious about your body, Unreal reality, Affirmation - to get “likes” and To exceed yourself. What we found was that the participants felt that media, and foremost social media, had an influence on their identity construction from several aspects. We found that the participants considered that social media is used partly for reflecting your own identity in other people, since they talked about the identity as socially constructed. It emerged from the participants that they considered that individuals usually only show the positive sides of life on social media, that resulting in a pressure to always surpass oneself and others.

Darbo tikslas - įvertinti bendruomenės slaugytojų medicinos normoje įvardintų ir atliekamų veiklų atitiktį viešosiose ir privačiose PSP įstaigose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti bendruomenės slaugytojų atliekamas veiklas; 2. Atlikti bendruomenės slaugytojų veiklos darbo laiko analizę; 3. Palyginti bendruomenės slaugytojų medicinos normoje apibrėžtas veiklas su atliekamomis veiklomis kasdienėje praktikoje viešosiose ir privačiose pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Tyrimo metodika: tyrimas atliktas 2011 m. vasario - gruodžio mėnesiais anoniminės apklausos būdu, Kaune, atsitiktiniu atrankos būdu parinktose septyniose pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose: Tyrimo objektas: Kauno pirminės sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose dirbančių bendruomenės slaugytojų medicinos normoje įvardintų ir atliekamų veiklų atitiktis. Tyrimo populiacija: Kauno pirminėse sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose dirbančios bendruomenės slaugytojos. Tyrimo metu apklausta 100 bendruomenės slaugytojų. Tyrimo išvados: 1. Dominuojančios bendruomenės slaugytojų veiklos tiek viešosiose, tiek privačiose PSP įstaigose yra techninės slaugos procedūros bei administracinis darbas. Pagrindinės veiklos pacientų namuose, tai pat susijusios su įvairiomis slaugos procedūromis bei profilaktiniu darbu. 2. Didžiąją PSP įstaigoje laiko dalį bendruomenės slaugytojos, dirbančios viešosiose ir privačiose įstaigose, skiria administraciniam (44 proc. - viešosiose ir 52 proc.- privačiose bendros darbo trukmės) bei profilaktiniam... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of study: to evaluate the correspondence of the community nurses activities described in the medical norm to their daily activities in public and private PHC institutions. Objectives: 1. To identify daily activities carried out by community nurses; 2. To perform the work time analysis of community nurses; 3. To compare the activities of community nurses described in the medical norm to their daily activities in different types of primary health care institutions. Methods: the cross-sectional study was performed at seven Kaunas PHC institutions, in 2011 February-December. The anonymous questionnaire was used in survey. The object of the research – the correspondence of the community nurses activities described in the medical norm to their daily activities in Kaunas. There were 100 community nurses. All completed questionnaires were suitable for further investigation and statistical analysis. An anonymous questionnaire was used, which was developed according to literature analysis and medical norm. Conclusions: In public and private primary health care (PHC) institutions dominant community nurses daily activities are associated with nursing procedures and administtrative work. The main activities at patient`s home also associated with a variety of nursing procedures and preventive work. 2. Most of the working time at public and private PHC institutions community nurses spend for administrative (44% in public and 52% - private institutions of working time) and preventive... [to full text]

Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss.