Destilleri, saluhall och destilleri. Arkitketurskolans verksamhet ska flytta och uppgiften var att rita om nuvarande arkitekturskolan till Kontor, bostäder och offentliga/kommersiella verksamheter i gatauplan. Målet med projektet har varit att öppna upp den befintliga bygganden och få in en mer offentlig, öppen verksamhet i gatuplan.  Byggnaden rymmer efter ombyggnad en saluhall som tar upp största delen av gatuplanet. Gatuplanets utfackningsväggar byts ut mot glaspartier som öppnar upp fasaden runt om hela kvarteret.  Saluhallen verkar tillsammans med ett eget destilleri för brännvinstillverkning och ett bageri för knäckebrödstillverkning. På kvarterets innergård och tak finns åkermark där det odlas råg som förädlas på plats till brännvin och knäckebröd.

Det här examensarbetet började med en idé om att skapa en samlingsplats för mat vilket innebar att först formulera hur en sådan skulle kunna tänkas te sig och sedan utveckla ett övergripande koncept samt en idé om vad för slags arkitektur som behövs. Resultatet är byggnad för kulinariska möten på Djurgården. Löpande har det kretsat kring vad som behövs för att generera kulinarisk kunskap, kultur och konsumtion. Mångfald har varit ledordet under processen och att kombinera en sådan med möjligheter, både väntade och oväntade, En annan av grundtankarna var att se på om maten som nöje för att inte lusten och dess innebörd ska glömmas bort.

Democracy in Urban Planning, by Christel Lundberg Much activist art take place outdoors, in public spaces, in street activities, etc. Of this reason we´re as activist artists often connected to the subject of planning processes and finds ourselves putting our noses deep down in comprehension plans etc. And since many activist art activities are reactions against exploition plans we´ll soon finds out the irritating fact tha urban planning isn´t a democratic process, despite it´s a process inside a democratic system. Especially this is the case in central planning, which ought to be translatable to ”the planning of central parts of cities, regions and nations”. But instead it´s a definition which means ”centralized planning”. It´s scary to realize that citizens have nothing to say, only used as cosmetic, when there´s need to pretend democracy.There´s a complex relationship between urban or regional planning and participatory democracy which demands research, but this is too often neglected in the every day urban planning processes.But how do we then, as artists apply critical analysis of democracy in our activist projects?As artists ”Public Globality Gardens” made an ”image” of this power-relation when creating an art-installation of a full-scale allotment garden at a central square in Malmö, Sweden. This research of democracy in real life, made four questions especially significant. ”How to rule the vision in relation to the people living in the area?”, ”How to take care of citizens knowledge of an area?” , ”Who´s the speaker of the citizens?” and at last ”Who has the code of entry and who hasn´t and how are we going to deal with that?”.How to rule the vision? Often we think about this relation as something we have to choose between, and the choice has serious implications. It is a strongly hierarchical view, where citizens may get the position in planning in the districts and allowed to participate in less important decisions.How to take care of citizens knowledge? Citizens are not stupid and ignorant but they are often treated as though. The issue is that there ”is no time and no money” to deal with deep knowledge of the citizens. It is not a question about more potted flowers, but an investigation which is in need of professionals with different methods of how to deal with people in this kind of process. How to make people telling what they are not expected to say. It is often better to provide for a situation which is not expected.When the artist group ”Public Globality Gardens” constructed an allotment garden at a central square in Malmö, it was not for the reason that the garden was the aestetical solution for this area, in the contrary, it was to stipulate that this area do have a problem and this art-installation was a position, a not expected one, for the citizens living i the neighbourhood, to fill with whatever they wanted to. ”The allotment garden at S:t Knuts square” was located in Malmö, during the cultivation period May-December in 2003. Since there isn´t much profit in market trade nowadays the square is not used as a market place any more and actually not used in any manner at all. It is a dead urban stone desert. Around the square lives many people, looking down on this empty square suffering from something to happen there. The closest neighbor is the two-laned through route. In this surroundings the allotment garden was built upon the paved market-place with a range of 120 square meters and a height of 1,5 meter. As a ecological remark recycled materials were used for the installation, and the garden rested on 300 loading pallets of different sizes. The installation of this garden really filled a ”black hole” in this district. The artists cultivated together with those living around. A senior and former boxer pre-cultivated leek and harvested potatoes named ”Birgitta”, a danish sort, which we got from the Nordic Gene Bank (a research centre which is preserving old local seeds) and a five year old boy who planted tomatoes and squash in the garden and helped us watering the garden.When developing a sustainable city-planning process it´s important to get a feeling for the area. This ”feeling” is not delivered or provided for you instantly, it takes time. One implication of participatory democracy is the need of more cooperators in this process. ”The Allotment Garden at S:t Knuts Square” was a cooperative project with different professions working together with NGOs and those living around in the districts.”The Allotment Garden at S:t Knuts Square” was a reminder that we need public spaces which are not commercial and invites all citizens. If we do not use them they will become storing places for the public administrations or worse, parking lots. This central allotment was used day and night the hot season of 2003. It was used for small concerts, social meetings, as a resting-place, for political meetings, for sports, sun bathing, lectures, cultivating, people harvested and planted, watered and cared about it. In the nights it was used by young people as a place to meet and talk in a more ”private atmosphere” than public spaces use to be.Does a collective urban garden work? Since the allotment was located at a central public space, the usually private characteristics of gardens had to work together with the fact that everybody were invited to this garden and could do whatever they wanted to do. A common question we had to answer was: Don´t everybody want to vandalize this garden? On the contrary, it was hard to teach people that they were allowed to use the allotment and to harvest herbs, vegetables and rhubarb. Urban life will step by step be improved if we consider urban spaces ”in between” as possibilities for environmental improvement. Who´s the speaker of the citizens?Well, it´s not traditionally the politicians and often not those who carry out the visions, e.g. planners, architects. The problem is often that the visions are missing and the belief in pragmatic rules the planning situation. And for that reason the planners, architects are themselves fighting for their situation. There are visions in the society, but they need more space. Public Globality Gardens has become a voice in Malmö. They are living in the area och participate themselves in the discussion with e.g., local organizations, multi-cultural citizens, individual actors. And it is a voice with visions. It is a habit not to listen to citizens because often they´re not a collective voice, but different people with private interests. This attitude,unfortunately, cause often no problem. But since artist groups are working with the aim to make a collective voice of citizens perspective and give the individual interests a larger perspective, it make demands on the politicians to listen. Who has the code of entry and who hasn´t and how are we going to deal with that?Since there are demands that citizens must get more participatory power in the planning processes the outcome has become a misunderstanding of democracy. It´s not only dangerous when small organizations or agents act on their un-democratic own egoistic interest and not for a good thing for the collective. These forces are the same which is in the frontiers blocking visions. It is not those only who have the correct code and language which we have to listen to, it is as many as possible. And this listening has little to do with democracy processes. It´s more like an understanding of a situation and a platform for the visionary agents in the planning processes to take care of. Un-expected spaces and contexts and with different medias gives a possibility to create new understandings which might be an invitation for former excluded groups to take part in the democratic planning processes. The society and region cannot be sustainable if some groups don´t want to join or feel excluded. We have to understand why they are not interested or why they feel excluded and we have to try to solve these problems. Everybody don´t have to participate, but it´s important that representants from different groups participate. If we only have seniors and middle-aged white citizens in the group we receive a senior-middleaged white answer.Cultivation is a good-working and concrete platform for political discussions, because it is a ambiguous act on nature. It is both anthropocentric and ecocentric; it is both means to control nature as it is a possibility for us to understand and be a part of nature. And politically, when we become landowners, is this in itself a transition from altruism to egoism; or when does the property of landowning become ethical and environmental troublesome. Well, we are not asking people to draw final conclusions of the market economies influence on society, but it is a demand for citizens, not only in Malmö, but all over the world, to react and act upon the increasing domination of financial capital that reaches all countries through globalization. ”The Allotment Garden at S:t Knuts square” was a non-violent contribution to this discussion. It is better to ask: ”What are the problems?” instead of: ”We know you have this or that problem, we have this solution, what do you think, and you have three weeks to make your opinion about this pre-fabricated solution?” The first positions creates political aware citizens, the latter creates non-political citizens. Since it is not only a local question if a green area in Malmö or Copenhagen is exploited or not, but in every sense has regional and global effects and implications. Globally it affects citizens in other areas because of the concrete situation that we´ll have less oxygen supply with the decrease of green areas, and in spite of that the loss of one individual green area doesn´t have huge affect on citizens, what is our reaction if we are summing-up all of the exploited green areas? Maybe we will panic. The global implication of the closing-down of one individual area in Malmö will be that if nobody have a larger view and reacts and acts on this the commercial interests will rule the planning situation and we as citizens become the audience of this tragedy. As artist working in this concrete milieu we are trying to provide a larger view of different local wishes or demands.

In this thesis, material of recent hop from different locations in Sweden have been analyzed with EA-IRMS for carbon-, nitrogen- and sulfur isotopes. The aim has been to find a method to distinguish between cultivated and wild hops, and whether it is a useful method for provenancing of hop. Furthermore, hop fruit from archaeological sites have been analyzed with the same method. An experimental water immersion of recent hop fruits has also been carried out, to investigate how this would affect the isotopic values.

Kunskapsöversikten är skriven med syfte att undersöka huruvida skolträdgårdsaktiviteter kan användas som ett pedagogiskt verktyg, samt hur aktiviteten påverkar elevers attityder, hälsa och hållbart tänkande utifrån olika studier. Betydelsen av utomhuspedagogiken lyfts även fram som ett positiv metod för att öka elevers fysiska aktivitet. Översikten är baserad på två frågeställningar där vi vill lyfta fram effekter på elevers personliga utveckling och om aktivitet kan bidrar till ett hållbart tänkande. För att besvara på frågorna genomfördes informationssökning med hjälp av olika sökord och kombinationer i databaser som bland annat ERIC och Web of Science. Vi har även använt oss av relevanta litteratur för att stärka kunskapsöversikten, sammanlagt har vi använt 22 källor för arbetet. Resultaten visar att utomhuspedagogik och rörelseintegrerad undervisning har tydlig positiv påverkan på elevers hälsotillstånd. Man har även sett en ökad skolmotivation, självkänsla, högre skolnärvaro, bidragande känsla av tillhörighet både till naturen och till klasskamrater med mera. Efter arbetet med skolträdgårdsaktiviteter har också påverkan på elevers syn på hållbar utveckling ökat genom att de gjort medvetna val efter arbetet. Även fast det framkommer många fördelar med denna typ av arbetsform finns också svårigheter. Vi fann i en studie att ekonomiska resurser är ett hinder när det gäller att starta igång sådana projekt, men också hinder i hur aktiviteten är strukturerad och att utomhusmiljön kan vara rörigt för elever med diagnoser.

Energiförsörjningsteknologier behöver avanceras, oberoende av var i världen och i vilket syfte. Fossila bränslen bidrar till kraftiga växthusgasutsläpp när de förbränns och kretsloppet för dessa råvaror är en långsam process. Biogas är en av möjligheterna till utveckling då denna teknik i många fall kan använda råvaror mer tillgängliga för utvinning än de fossila, vilket möjliggör lokala energilösningar som kan bidra till att minska transporter, men framförallt mindre klimatpåverkande utsläpp. Detta då biogasens energikapacitet ligger i just mängden metan som gasen innehåller, vilket medför att teknologins utveckling strävar mot att ta tillvara på så mycket av denna växthusgas som möjligt, samtidigt som den stora biprodukten, koldioxid, är grön och ej bidrar till ökad växthuseffekt.Syftet med denna rapport är att bidra till utvecklingen av småskalig biogasproduktion, som idag ej är tillräckligt utvecklad för att kunna erbjuda självklara alternativ i situationer som har en god potential. Dessa situationer uppstår i exempelvis gårdsmiljöer där mycket avfall genereras i form av gödsel och jordbruksrester som är en utmärkt råvara för biogasproduktion. Men biogasanläggningar är idag optimerade för storskaliga verksamheter, som avloppsverk där stora volymer kommunalt avfall från hela städer hanteras. Mindre biogasanläggningar får problem med lönsamheten då volymerna idag är kraftigt kopplade till biogasavkastningen, men problem uppstår även vid drift och service av själva anläggningen då dessa är långt ifrån standardiserade och oftast platsbyggts för ändamålet.Biogas på ännu mindre skala, exempelvis i situationer med vanligt hushållsavfall har även det en potential då det i hushållen idag förbrukas väldigt mycket livsmedel, vatten och energi som med ett mer slutet kretslopp kan ta tillvara på mer resurser och på så sätt kan minska sitt ekologiska fotavtryck. Detta ledde till frågeställningen om hur det med en odling-och gårdsverksamhet kan, med hjälp av biogas, produceras en tillräcklig mängd mat och energi för att försörja ett hushåll.Arbetet inleddes med en litteraturstudie för att sammanställa data över viktiga parametrar och relevant bakgrundsinformation då mycket antaganden och schablonvärden behövde användas. Varje komponent i systemet fick input- och outputvärden gällande yta, energi, vatten m.fl. för att tillslut kunna uppskatta en landareal tillräcklig för matförsörjning, med eller utan energibalans.Resultaten från denna rapport visade att redan vid 593 m2 kunde ett hushålls matproduktion och förbrukning försörjas i ett år. Vidare utfördes en känslighetsanalys på viktiga variabler för att uppskatta hur ett framtida arbete med frågan bör utformas. / Around the world, energy supplying technologies need to advance regardless of its purpose of use. Burning of fossil fuels are the number one source of increase in greenhouse effect and its lifecycle is too long to be an option for the future. One of the more sustainable options is the production and use of biogas which utilizes more convenient resources like sewage waste, manure and domestic waste. This enables more local energy solutions and reduces the need for transport, but also contributes far less to the elevation and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The main component is methane which is also a potent greenhouse gas, but methane is also the one thing that is combustible in the gas and therefore the technology advances in utilizing more and more of this and reducing the loss fractions.Therefore, the purpose of this report is to contribute in the development of small-scale biogas production since most of the operating conditions today are optimized for large scale plants like sewage treatment plants, which handles much larger volumes of waste from whole towns and regions. The smaller scale operations are often in farm environments that have a lot of raw materials and wastes from their daily operations like manure and crop residues. Today these sizes struggle with profitability since biogas yield is strongly linked to production volume, and often maintenance becomes a problem because of on-site builds.The potential of biogas production is even located in smaller operations like household and domestic environments, mainly because of the high fraction of waste that originates in these sectors of society. Food waste and sewage are two important fractions that are being utilized today but mainly in scientific efforts or large-scale operations. This led to the question of how these two smaller-scale situations could work together, and how production of biogas could aid in becoming self-sufficient in food and energy consumption.The report started off with an overview of the literature on the subjects to help create a foundation for the many assumptions and template calculations that were required to model this situation. Each component in the system where given input- and output variables regarding energy, water and spacing required. This was then used to model a total area where it could take place.The results showed that already at 593 m2 you could grow enough food for a household to be self-sufficient for a year. This was without concern of energy usage which led to exceeding costs at about 540 000 SEK yearly, with a self-sufficiency rate of about 31 %. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on a few selected variables that was considered more uncertain which showed a variance in both total area and heating costs.

The proposal aims to build on Eskilstuna municipality's work with circular ideas about sustainability to create a lively community house with focus on cultivation and creativity. By utilizing garden waste and processing it into biochar used in both large- and small-scale cultivation, carbon dioxide is bound in the soil for thousands of years.  The biochar binds nutrients and water and provides an improved harvest. The design takes inspiration from the character of the place with it’s traditional red colored cultivation boxes and the red cycle bridge across the creek. The idea of a historic warehouse building (magasin) as a flexible basic structure emerged and has led to an exploration of how to give the typology a public character. The goal was to create a place where young and old could cultivate their interest in agriculture and culture, and in the long run encourage own food production as a driving factor in achieving a more climate-smart and resilient society. / Förslaget syftar till att bygga vidare på Eskilstuna kommuns arbete med cirkulära idéer om hållbarhet för att skapa ett levande folkets hus med fokus på odling och kreativitet. Genom att ta tillvara på trädgårdsavfall och förädla detta till biokol, som används i både stor- och småskalig odling, binds koldioxid i marken i tusentals år samtidigt som kolet binder näring och vatten och ger en förbättrad skörd. Gestaltningen tar avstamp i de faluröda odlingslådorna och platsens karaktär. Idén om en magasinsbyggnad som en flexibel grundstruktur dök upp och har lett vidare till ett utforskande av hur man ger typologin en offentlig karaktär. Målet är att skapa en plats för stora och små med fokus på växande och odling som ska uppmuntra till egen produktion av livsmedel, som en drivande faktor för att uppnå ett mer klimatsmart och motståndskraftigt samhälle.

Trädet vid ån är en offentlig byggnad i Järna. Byggnaden ligger vid Moraån och har utsikt mot Järnas fina natur. Byggnaden ska likna ett metaforiskt träd med strukturen som trädkrona och byggnaden som trädstam, därav titeln “Trädet vid ån”. Inuti byggnaden kan man äta färska grönsaker i restaurangen eller köpa färska grödor i butiken. Dessutom kan man delta i odlingsworkshops där man lär sig att odla både inomhus i odlingslådor eller utomhus i odlingsmarken vid ån. Oavsett om man befinner sig inuti byggnaden eller går förbi den, tar man alltid del av Järnas fina natur. / The Tree By The River is a public building in Järna that is located by the river Moraån. This project focuses on combining nature with build environment. A building can be an extension of nature and this is exactly what The Tree By The River is. It is a wood building with a steel structure above. The steel structure works as the “Crown of the tree” with its climbing vegetation. When you are walking past the plot, it seems like you are walking past a giant tree that embraces nature and self-sufficiency. Inside of this giant tree, one can eat freshly picked vegetables and buy them too. These vegetables are farmed inside of the building and on the arable land by the river. There are also workshops where one can learn to farm inside of the building. Regardless if you are inside or outside of the building, you are always taking part of the beautiful nature in Järna.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate which type of society could supply the resources required to construct the cairn monuments along the coastal regions of Västerbotten during the Bronze Age. The study is centered on a cluster of cairns within the parishes of Bygdeå, Nysätra and Lövånger, situated at elevations between 31-52 meters above today’s sea level. Through analyses and calculations of the cairns themselves and their proximity to stone quarrying materials, the volume of each cairn within the chosen cluster has been used to evaluate how long it took these monument builders to complete the construction of the cairns. The workforce required is shown to heavily depend on the size of the cairn and its location from the stone material. Theoretically some cairns could have been constructed in just a few days, whereas some took significantly more time to construct. The indicated social types capable of providing the necessary resources were found to be avariation of nomadic band and/or semi-sedentary tribal communities composed of extended families. Powerful cheiftains and societies with greater resources weren’t necessarily found to be a requirement. The procurement of food and other resources varied and over time the economic foundations gradually shifted from a mainly hunting and fishing reliance to embracing cultivation and animal husbandry.

Projektet undersöker för en möjlighet att skapa ett folkets hus i en landsbygdsmiljö i utkanten av Järna. Det stora intresset för hållbar och ekologisk odling som finns i Järna samt att utveckla rekreationsområdet kring Moraån har varit ledande för projektet. Byggnaden är därför en kombination av en koloniträdgård ihop med mötesplatser.  Både utanför och i byggnaden finns möjlighet till odling. Ovanvåningen är klädd i polycarbonat och fungerar som ett växthus. Den södra delen består av kolonilotter medans den norra delen består av en gemensam odlingsyta, i växthuset finns även trävolymer som hushåller mer privata rum.  Växthuset landar på trävolymer på bottenplan, och mellan dessa volymer skapas större mötesplatser. På bottenplan finns en konferenssal med läktare samt en annan samlingslokal som i motsats till konferenssalen tillåter en friare möblering och flexibilitet i användandet.   Genom tomten och byggnaden fortsätter ett gång och cykelstråk som tillsammans med en bro över Moraån knyter samman det bebyggda Järna, rekreationsområdet vid Moraån och jordbrukslandskapet. / The project is investigating an opportunity to create a people's house in a rural environment on the outskirts of Järna. The big interest in sustainable and organic farming that exists in Järna and in developing the recreation area around Moraån has been leading the project. Therefore the building is a combination of allotment gardens and meeting places.  Both inside and outside of the building there are gardening opportunities. The upper floor is clad in polycarbonate and functions as a greenhouse. The south part houses an allotment garden, while the northern part consists of a common cultivation area, and separating these two areas are wood volumes that contain more private rooms.   The greenhouse then lands on wooden volumes on the ground floor, between these volumes larger meeting places are created.  The ground floor contains a conference hall with stands and another meeting room which, in contrast to the conference hall, allows for freer furnishing and more flexibility.  Through the site and the building a walk and bicycle path continues. Together with the bridge over the river, the path connects the built Järna, with the recreation area and the agriculture landscape.