This qualitative study examines an asynchronous online course from a private university utilizing a template model for all online courses to provide students with consistent navigation and course structure throughout their degree program. The asynchronous online courses are purposely created using three criteria of quality course design: navigation is intuitive, information is chunked, and instructions are written clearly. A two-part usability test was conducted with three internal and three external participants. The two-part usability test focused on course navigation and examined the signaling, segmenting, and coherence principles applied to course content page layouts. Transcripts from the usability tests and observational field notes were coded through an iterative process in Nvivo. Through emic and etic coding, seven main categories were identified: user experience, cognitive load, multimedia learning principles, page design and layout attributes, course navigational attributes, course attributes and information, and participant navigational behavior. The findings for first-day navigation, general navigational behaviors, and perceptions of design elements used to implement the signaling, segmenting, and coherence principle are discussed. Course design recommendations for creating a positive usability experience and suggestions for future research are provided.

La réalité de l'histoire est un amalgame constitué par des faits et par l'interprétation que l'esprit leur donne. Au cœur de cette construction, les caricatures publiées quotidiennement dans les journaux jouent un rôle majeur car elles contribuent à structurer cette nouvelle réalité. En se basant sur ce postulat, il devient pertinent de le mettre en parallèle avec l'une des composantes majeures de l'identité québécoise : le nationalisme. C'est vers sa dernière manifestation d'envergure que sera dirigée notre analyse, à savoir, le référendum du 30 octobre 1995 sur la souveraineté. Date historique à la fois pour le Canada et le Québec, la polarisation linguistique démontrée à cette occasion offre une perspective fascinante. Comment, dans les semaines qui ont mené au vote, les caricaturistes du Canada anglais ont-ils représenté le projet de séparation? Scruter minutieusement les dessins de presse offerts aux lecteurs nous permettra sans doute de mieux comprendre la complexité des rapports qu'entretiennent les anglophones du Canada vis-à-vis du projet indépendantiste québécois. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

Actuellement, les machines Asynchrones à Double Alimentation (MADA) sont omniprésentes dans le secteur éolien, grâce à leur simplicité de construction, leur faible coût d’achat et leur robustesse mécanique ainsi que le nombre faible d’interventions pour la maintenance. Cependant, comme toute autre machine électrique, ces génératrices sont sujettes aux défauts de différent ordre (électrique, mécanique, électromagnétique…) ou de différents types (capteur, actionneur ou composants du système). C’est pourquoi, il est primordial de concevoir une approche de diagnostic permettant de manière anticipée, de détecter, localiser et identifier tout défaut ou anomalie pouvant altérer le fonctionnement sain de ce type de machine. Motivés par les points forts des méthodes de diagnostic de défauts à base d’observateurs, nous proposons d’une part, dans cette thèse, une approche de détection, localisation et identification des défauts de la MADA d’une éolienne à vitesse variable, à base des observateurs de Kalman, performants et largement utilisés. Les erreurs d’estimation d’état du filtre de Kalman linéaire et de ses variantes non-linéaires, à noter : le Filtre de Kalman Etendu (EKF) et le Filtre de Kalman sans-Parfum (UKF), sont utilisés comme résidus sensibles aux défauts. En vue d’éviter les fausses alarmes et de découpler les défauts des perturbations et des bruits, l’analyse des résidus générés est réalisée par des tests statistiques tels que : Test de Page Hinkley (PH) et Test DCS (Dynamic Cumulative Sum). Pour la localisation des défauts multiples et simultanés, la Structure d’Observateurs Dédiés (DOS) et la Structure d’Observateurs Généralisés (GOS) sont appliquées. De plus, l’amplitude du défaut est déterminée dans l’étape d’identification de défaut. Les défauts capteurs, actionneurs et composants de la MADA, sont traités dans ce travail de recherche. D’autre part, une étude comparative entre les différents observateurs de Kalman, est élaborée. La comparaison porte sur les critères suivants : le temps de calcul, la précision et la vitesse de convergence des estimations. / Actually, the Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are omnipresent in the wind power market, owing to their construction simplicity, their low purchase cost and their mechanical robustness. However, as any other electrical machine, these generators are subject to defects of different order (electrical, mechanical, electromagnetic ...) or of different type (sensor, actuator or system). That’s why, it is important to design an effective diagnostic approach, able to early detect, locate and identify any defect or abnormal behavior, which could undermine the healthy operation of this machine On the one hand, motivated by the observer-based fault diagnosis methods strengths, we proposed, in this thesis, a diagnostic approach for the faults detection, localization and identification of the DFIG used in variable speed wind turbine. This approach is based on the use of the efficient and widely used Kalman observers. The state estimation errors of the linear Kalman filter and the non-linear Kalman filters, named: The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) are used as faults sensitive residuals. In order to avoid false alarms and to decouple faults from disturbances and noises, the faults detection is carried out by the analysis of the residuals generated, by the mean of statistical tests such as: Hinkley Page Test (PH) and DCS Test (Dynamic) Cumulative Sum). For the localization step in case of multiple and simultaneous faults, the Dedicated Observer scheme (DOS) and the Generalized Observer scheme (GOS) are applied. In addition, the fault level is determined in the fault identification step. Sensor faults, actuator and system faults of DFIG, are treated in this research work. On the other hand, a comparative study between the three Kalman observers proposed is performed. The comparison was done in terms of (1) the computation time, (2) the estimation accuracy, and (3) the convergence speed.

Dans la foulée de leur colonisation de l’Amérique aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, les Français ont dressé des inventaires des ressources du territoire occupé ou convoité. Apte à décrire toute cette richesse, l’histoire naturelle devint ainsi un savoir colonial par excellence et l’un des rouages centraux de la « machine coloniale » française. Aussi, le legs textuel de cette activité est-il considérable et diverses perspectives s’y expriment : un entreprenant colon, par exemple, ne verra pas les ressources de la Louisiane de la même façon qu’un officiel métropolitain de passage ou qu’un botaniste en mission. Mais le regard colonisateur est largement partagé et tous ces textes, ou presque, font acte d’appropriation des plantes, minéraux et animaux américains. La place ménagée aux indigènes et aux esclaves – qu’ils soient d’origine autochtone ou afro-américaine – comme acteurs dans le processus de création de savoir est variable selon le contexte et l’auteur. Ce mémoire se penche sur un petit nombre de textes éloquents tirés du corpus de l’histoire naturelle des colonies d’Amérique continentales françaises. Sont étudiés de près quatre auteurs qui ont œuvré ou qui ont été de passage au Canada (Kalm), en Guyane française (Barrère) et en Louisiane (Le Page du Pratz et Dumont de Montigny). Nous examinons dans un premier temps les différents contextes d’acquisition de savoirs. Par la suite, l’analyse portera sur leurs inventaires respectifs des ressources coloniales, puis leur façon de traiter leurs sources. Finalement, nous concluons cette recherche sur les manières dont ces naturalistes-écrivains transmettront à leurs lecteurs européens leurs connaissances nouvellement acquises et la portée de la diffusion que leurs écrits connaîtront. / Following their colonization of America in the 17th and 18th centuries, the French drew up inventories for the resources of the occupied or coveted territory. Being able to describe all this wealth, natural history thus became the ultimate colonial knowledge and one of the central cogs of the French Colonial Machine. Also, the textual legacy of this activity is considerable and various points of view are taken into account: an enterprising settler, for example, will not see Louisiana’s resources in the same way as a travelling metropolitan official or a botanist on assignment. However, the colonial perspective is widely spread and all these texts, or almost all of them, are evidence of the appropriation of American plants, minerals and animals. The position of indigenous people and slaves – whether of indigenous or African-American origin – as actors in the process of knowledge creation depends on the context and the author’s stance. This thesis focuses on a small number of compelling texts from the natural history corpus of the French mainland colonies in America. Four authors who worked in or visited Canada (Kalm), French Guiana (Barrère) and Louisiana (Le Page du Pratz and Dumont de Montigny) are studied in depth. We first examine the different contexts of knowledge acquisition. Subsequently, we analyze the colonial resources inventories available at that time and how the sources are managed. Lastly, we conclude by looking at how these naturalist writers transmit to their European readers their newly acquired knowledge and the impact that their work will have.

On the assumption that different registers of translated drama have different functions and that they therefore present information differently, the aim of the present study is to identify textual features that distinguish an Afrikaans stage translation from a page translation of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. The first issue addressed concerns the nature and extent of lexical cohesion in these two registers. The second issue concerns my contention that the dialogue of a stage translation is more "involved". (Biber 1988) than that of a page translation. The research was conducted within the overall Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) paradigm but the analytical frameworks by means of which these aims were accomplished were derived from text linguistics and register variation studies, making this an interdisciplinary study. Aspects of Hoey's ( 1991) bonding model, in particular, the classification of repetition links, were adapted so as to quantify lexical cohesion in the translations. Similarly, aspects of Biber's (1988) multi-dimensional approach to register variation were used to quantify linguistic features that signal involvement. The main finding of the study is that drama translation register (page or stage translation) does have a constraining effect on lexical cohesion and involved production. For Act IV of the play an overall higher density of lexical cohesion strategies was generated by the stage translation. In the case of the involved production features analysed, the overall finding was that the stage translation displayed more involvement than the page translation, to a statistically highly significant extent. The features analysed here cluster together sufficiently to reveal that in comparison with an Afrikaans page translation of a Shakespeare play, a recent stage translation displays a definite tendency towards a more oral, more involved and more situated style, reflecting no doubt a general modern trend towards creating more appropriate and accessible texts / Linguistics / D. Litt. et Phil. (Translation Studies)

Usability refers to the study and measurement of the quality of human-computer interaction. Internet-based banking is a task-oriented, goal-directed, Web-based, E-commerce application where users access and manipulate bank accounts remotely through a Web browser interface. The examination of the usability of this interaction through the distributed medium of the Internet formed the research basis. The aims of the research are to review the application of general usability principles and properties to Internet-based banking, examine existing usability guidelines for hypermedia and Web design, and apply these during a structured evaluation of local and international online banking facilities. The research instrument is a combination of a checklist-based and heuristic evaluation, and is preceded by a task analysis. Three research questions are addressed and solutions suggested. These are related to improving Internet banking usability, finding the best approach for measuring this, and creating an awareness that Web usability is important. / Science / M.Sc. (Informatyion Systems)

數位行動浪潮襲捲全球，智慧型手機的普及讓行動行銷成為一股趨勢，如何善用行動媒體的特性來提高整合行銷傳播的綜效亦是近年來數位行銷領域相當關注的話題。APP是行動媒體中最能直接與消費者接觸的工具，而社群APP因為內容具備即時性、社群性等特徵，成為各大品牌搶奪消費者眼球的必爭之地。 　　在眾多社群APP中，Facebook的廣告服務已行之有年，後起之秀Instagram亦於2015年9月對台灣企業開放廣告功能，讓廣告主能以付費的方式觸及更多的使用者。此二平台的廣告運作機制非常相似，消費者都會先接收貼文廣告，再從貼文廣告連接到品牌帳號的主要頁面，兩個品牌訊息加總將有機會產生跨訊息綜效。不過，這兩個平台在內容表現形式上卻不盡相同，且Instagram強大的濾鏡功能能讓照片更具美感，進而影響使用者對品牌的解讀及反應，所呈現的綜效也可能有所不同。 　　因此本研究選定Facebook與Instagram為研究對象，以社群APP平台為自變項，廣告態度及品牌態度為依變項，來驗證跨訊息綜效是否產生，並比較此二平台在廣告資訊處理歷程及效果上的差異。本研究採用實驗法，招募100名政治大學非傳播學院之大學生及研究生進行實驗，所得結果如下： 一、 單一媒體的跨訊息綜效並不顯著，但不同媒體（Facebook與Instagram）的資訊處理歷程、態度形成及跨訊息效果卻不盡相同。 二、 與說服知識相比，美感反應才是影響操弄意圖推論高低的主要變項，接收Facebook廣告的消費者會因為較低美感反應產生較高操弄意圖推論，接收Instagram廣告的消費者則會因為美感反應較高而使操弄意圖推論較低。 三、 操弄意圖推論對訊息涉入度具顯著負向影響，操弄意圖愈高，訊息涉入度愈低，反之亦然。Facebook的操弄意圖推論較高，因此訊息涉入度較低，消費者較缺乏訊息處理動機，而Instagram的操弄意圖推論較低使得訊息涉入度較高，亦即消費者具備較高的訊息處理動機。

客戶在從事消費時，往往會有許多不一樣的行為產生。對組織而言，研究客戶的消費行為能夠協助組織更了解客戶的資訊，進而支援其經營活動。以往與客戶行為相關的資料挖掘研究，較著重於客戶的消費資料。而對於客戶在商店中做了那些動作，及其動作會導致發生的事件並沒有較全盤及深入的討論。對實體業者而言，要實際的去記錄使用者在商店內的行為，是不太可行的；但相對的說，隨著網際網路與資料收集技術的發展，網站經營者應用log留存技術，將比傳統業者更容易且完整的收集到消費者行為記錄。本研究試圖在全球資訊網的環境中建立一個能夠同時分析使用者的瀏覽網頁路徑及其動作過程的演算法；並且配合該演算法建置一個雛形系統，以驗証其效能，最後並評估其日後實務操作的可行性。 / Different kind of customer purchases with different behavior. Studying the customer’s purchase behavior can help organizations understand their client intentions to support their business activities. In the past, customer behavior data mining emphasized on their purchase items, i.e., what they buy. There was few studies discussing what path they took and what actions they made in an e-store. It is impossible for a physical store to record its customers’ all actions and passing paths. However, a website store can easily collect such data in an Internet log. This study proposes a data mining algorithm that can analyze both customers’ browsing pages and their actions path. The algorithm’s efficiency and feasibility were examined in our prototype. This study may contribute to help the website mangers to restructure their website layouts or advertisement position to catch the customer’s eyes.

本論文旨在探討台北犁記餅店在2014年中秋節前夕爆發的餿水油事件中的危機溝通策略，並檢視其危機溝通成效。為探討危機溝通中傳統媒體與新媒體的角色區別，本論文檢視了四大報在餿水油事件中對於台北犁記餅店的線上報導、台北犁記的官方網站與相關官方文件，以及台北犁記的臉書粉絲團。研究結果發現傳統報章媒體已和新媒體高度整合匯流，因此危機事件的傳播速度比起以往更加快速、傳播範圍也更加廣泛。這樣的現象使得公關人員在面對危機事件時，必須更精準地掌握時間做出適當的危機溝通策略，並更加善用社群媒體以和關係人溝通。本論文特別研究台灣中小型本土企業在數位時代中面對危機的溝通策略與成效，提供有別於針對跨國或大型連鎖企業的分析與建議。 / This present case study of Taiwan gutter oil crisis focused on the well-known pastry bakery, Taipei Lee-Chi. This century-old bakery was involved in the food safety crisis during Moon Festival in 2014, resulting in a financial loss of more than NTD 40 million at that time. To explore how traditional and new media play roles in crisis communication for local businesses in Taiwan, the present case study examined relevant news coverage, official documents, and communication activities on social media. More specifically, the analysis included media’s attitude toward the issue shown on major newspaper websites, the responses of Taipei Lee-Chi, and public opinions revealed on its Facebook fan page. The findings suggested that traditional media have converged with new media, and the latter assumes such a powerful influence in crisis communication today. It was found that similar crisis information fast transits from one medium to another, adding more pressure to public relations practitioners to respond to crisis in a timely manner. Social media in particular may not be overlooked and could serve a useful tool in managing corporate crisis. The current study also offered new insights on how local businesses may deal with crisis in the digital age, as most previous crisis studies addressed cases of large national or global corporations.

全球第一大社群網站 Facebook，在 2007 年推出的 Facebook 粉絲專頁（Fan Page），是一個公開的介面，集合了娛樂、社交、資訊尋求三項商業行銷功能。根據 Facebook 官方統計，目前共有 118 萬個粉絲專頁，由一百多萬個公司團體開立，更吸引了超過 5 億 3,000 萬人次粉絲。近年來，台灣食譜 Facebook 粉絲團備受關注，本研究將探討網友對 iCook 愛料理粉絲團的使用動機。 其次，本研究目的，在探討 iCook 食譜粉絲團之「使用動機」、「資訊來源」、「服務品質」、「顧客滿意度」和「顧客忠誠度」之意涵。探討人口統計變相對「使用動機」、「資訊來源」、「服務品質」、「顧客滿意度」和「顧客忠誠度」的顯著差異性。檢定「使用動機」、「資訊來源」、「服務品質」、「顧客滿意度」和「顧客忠誠度」具有顯著關係。經由量化分析與質化訪談之相關研究，針對iCook食譜粉絲團提出行銷策略建議。 本研究以 馬斯洛《需求層級理論》，探討 Facebook 粉絲團的閱聽眾使用動機，針對經常瀏覽 iCook 粉絲團的常用使用者為研究對象，本研究利用「問卷調查法」與「深度訪談法」進行研究，兼顧量化及質化兩種研究途徑。透過網路問卷抽樣調查方式，回收有效問卷 506 份，並針對 iCook 愛料理網站創辦人、美食部落客、粉絲團會員重度使用者進行深度訪談。 研究結果顯示， iCook 食譜粉絲團以女性家庭主婦和上班族為主，年齡層以26-45 歲居多，教育程度以大學為最多，居住地區以北部為主。在使用動機、資訊來源及服務品質對於顧客滿意度有顯著正相關；使用動機、資訊來源及服務品質及顧客忠誠度有顯著正相關；顧客滿意度與忠誠度有顯著正相關。 經質化與量化分析，本研究對於 iCook 食譜粉絲團之行銷策略建議如下： 1. 提供豐富多樣的食譜資訊，讓使用者感覺有其價值性 2. 善用社群口碑行銷傳播，以內容取代廣告創造利基 3. 優化服務與開拓異業結盟機會，有助品牌知名度與滿意度 　　綜合上述，以鞏固其品牌忠誠度，朝長久經營之路邁進。 / Facebook, the biggest social network site in the world, launched the Page service in 2007. It is a public platform including entertainment, social contact and information seeking functions for business and marketing. According to the official statistics from Facebook, there are currently 1.18 million Facebook Pages created by more than 1 million organizations, attracting more than 530 million users. In recent years, the cookbook’s Facebook Pages in Taiwan attract more attention than before therefore the research is going to discuss the motivation of fans using iCook Facebook Page. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to explore using motivation, sources, service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty for iCook Facebook Page. To analyze the demographic variables differences on using motivation, information sources, service quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty differences. Also to test the relation between using motivation, information sources, service quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty. Through quantitative and qualitative research methods, provide marketing strategy recommendation. The study is based on “Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory” and investigates Facebook Page audiences’ usage motivation. The target research group is the user who visits iCook Facebook Page frequently. In order to give consideration to both quantitative and qualitative approach, this study adopts questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews for research methods. There are 506 effective questionnaires from the Internet survey and conducts the in-depth interviews to iCook founder, Cuisine Bloggers and heavy users. The result indicates that the users of iCook Facebook Page are mainly female, housewife and office worker by occupations, the age between 26 and 45, education background is college and above, living around the northern Taiwan. The using motivation, information sources and service quality have a significant positive correlation with customer satisfaction, as well as customer loyalty. Therefore the service quality and customer loyalty are positive correlation. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis, this study suggests that iCook Facebook Page should apply more Social Media Marketing strategies and several recommendations as follows: 1. Providing various recipe for readers to let users feel valuable. 2. To leverage the power of Word of Mouth Marketing (WOMM) and to replace the advertisement to content in order to create the niche. 3. Optimizing the web services and features to expand cross-industry strategic alliance opportunities, it helps to promote the brand image and reputation.