Nous présentons des approches théoriques et numériques pour deux dynamiques irréversibles et parallèles sur des modèles de mécanique statistique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous présentons les résultats théoriques sur un système de particules induite par une chaîne de Markov irréversible, à savoir le TASEP. Permettant des multiples retournements de spin \`à chaque itération, nous définissons un modèle avec une dynamique parallèle appartenant à la famille des PCA et nous dérivons sa mesure stationnaire. Dans ce cadre, nous traitons {\it le problème du blocage}, {\it i.e.} comprendre les effets d’une perturbation localisée dans le taux de transition des particules sur des systèmes irréversibles: le problème du blocage. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous présentons une version unidimensionnelle du modèle d'Ising avec potentiel de Kac. Nous définissons une PCA avec une interaction asymétrique et nous trouvons sa mesure stationnaire avec condition aux limites périodique.Ensuite, nous prouvons la convergence, dans la limite thermodynamique, de cette mesure stationnaire vers la mesure de Gibbs pour toutes les températures supérieures à la température critique via les estimations de F\"ollmer et le théorème d'unicité de Dobrushin. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous étudions ces deux dynamiques à travers des expériences numériques. Dans le cas du TASEP en exploitant des processeurs graphiques (GPU) et CUDA pour identifier une estimation raisonnable du {temps de m\'elange} et renforcer la conjecture qu’à la fois dans la version, la règle de mise à jour série ou parallèle, le courant peut ne pas être analytique dans l’intensité du blocage autour de la valeur $ \varepsilon = 0 $ / In this thesis we present theoretical and numerical approaches for two irreversible and parallel dynamics on one-dimensional statistical mechanics models. In the first chapter we present theoretical results on a particles system driven by an irreversible Markov chain namely the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). Allowing multiples spin-flips in each time-step we define a model with a parallel dynamics that belongs to the family of the probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) and we derive its stationary measure. In this framework we deal with {\it the blockage problem}, {\it i.e.} to understand the effects of a localized perturbation in the transition rates of the particles on irreversible systems: the blockage problem. In the second chapter we present a one-dimensional version of the Ising model with Kac potential. Again we define a PCA dynamics with asymmetric interaction between particles and we find its stationary measure for periodic boundary condition. Then we prove the convergence, in the thermodynamic limit, of such stationary measure to the Gibbs measure for all temperatures above the critical one via F\"ollmer estimates and dobrushin's uniqueness theorem. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate these two dynamics through numerical experiments.In the case of the TASEP we exploit general purpose graphical processors unit (GPGPU) writing a parallel code in CUDA to identify a reasonable {\it mixing time} and reinforce the conjecture that in both version, serial or parallel update rule, the current may be non-analytic in the blockage intensity around the value $\varepsilon = 0$

The translational self-diffusion, the librations, and the reorientational motions of guest water molecules in the zeolite chabazite are examined by Molecular Dynamics (MD) computer simulations at different temperatures and loadings, including at room temperature, at which the experiments are carried out. Satisfactory agreement is found between the computed and measured translational self-diffusion coefficients. It is, however, furthermore found that the way in which the long-range electrostatic interactions are computed has an effect on the self-diffusion at high loadings and temperatures. The spectral densities of the librational motions of water are found to be similar to those in aqueous salt solutions. The reorientations of the water molecules, on the other hand, are much slower than in the liquids, and very anisotropic. The vector in direction of the molecular dipole moment reorients only very slowly, at the time scale of the simulations, due to the attraction to the almost immobile Ca++-ions and the walls of the zeolite. The other two vectors seem to undergo jump-reorientations rather than reorientations by a diffusion process. Hyper dynamics boost potential method has been applied to the MD simulations to estimate the self-diffusion coefficients of Ca++ ions in dehydrated chabazite. Because of our system is very complicated, the self-diffusion of Ca++ ions can only be roughly estimated. The Ca++ ions diffusion is small enough to confirm that the cation motion can be neglected in the normal MD simulation.

Abstract Purpose: To compare the frequency specific Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential (CAEP) and the chirp-evoked 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) with equivalent residual noise levels for behavioural threshold prediction in adults with normal hearing and with SNHL. Method: The study tested 23 adults with normal hearing and 20 adults with SNHL. The participants were aged between 18–65 years. A repeated measures within- participant descriptive design was used to collect the quantitative data. The participants underwent behavioural pure tone, CAEP and ASSR testing on the same day. Results: Similar CAEP difference scores across frequencies for the participants with normal hearing (mean=12.32-14.40 dB) and with SNHL (mean=10.00-16.47 dB) were measured. However, for the ASSR difference scores across frequencies slightly smaller difference scores were measured for the participants with SNHL (mean=10.17-17.30 dB) than for the participants with normal hearing (mean=11.74- 17.14 dB). CAEP thresholds were significantly closer to the behavioural pure tone thresholds at 500 (p=0.028; mean absolute difference 14.40 dB) and 2000 (p=0.016; mean absolute difference 12.56 dB) Hz for participants with normal hearing. In participants with sensorineural hearing loss, CAEP and ASSR thresholds were measured at similar sensation levels and were not statistically different (p>0.05). Conclusion: For the purpose of threshold estimation, representing the auditory function to the level of the auditory cortex the CAEP was closer to the behavioural hearing thresholds than the 40 Hz ASSR at all frequencies except at 4000 Hz, regardless of the hearing sensitivity. Keywords: Auditory steady state response (ASSR), Cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP), Auditory evoked potential (AEP), Residual noise, Signal to noise ratio (SNR), objective threshold estimation, awake adults. / Dissertation (MA (Audiology))--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA Audiology / Unrestricted

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken didaktiska potential som kan finnas i Umberto Ecos roman Rosens namn (1980) i gymnasieskolans svenskundervisning. Ansatsen är litteraturvetenskaplig och rör dels hur elever kan tänkas lära sig hantera litterära texters egenart, dels elevers användning av genreteori för att förstå romanen. För att utforska det första ämnet används Viktor Sklovskijs teori om automatisering, främmandegöring och medvetet försvårad form. Det andra ämnet utgår i huvudsak från Tzvetan Todorovs artikel ”Kriminalromanens typologi”. Det visar sig att romanens didaktiska potential är stor om eleverna ges god vägledning. Romanens omfattande användning av latin och andra främmande språk är en tillgång vid tillämpning av Sklovskijs teorier om främmandegöring, då det finns gott om utrymme för tolkning och reflektion. Även genreanalysens didaktiska potential är hög eftersom romanen på både typiska och otypiska vis anknyter till spänningslitteraturen. / The aim of the paper is to examine what didactic potential may exist in Umberto Eco’s novel The Name of the Rose (1980) in the education of the Swedish language for the upper secondary school. It is approached from a literary scientific angle and is in part about how pupils can learn how to manage the uniqueness of the literary texts and in part how pupils can use genre theory to understand the novel. To explore the first subject Viktor Shklovsky’s theories about automatism, defamiliarisation and roughened form are used. The other subject is mainly studied with Tzvetan Todorov’s article “The Typology of Detective Fiction” as a starting point. It is deduced that the didactic potential of the novel is great if the pupils are given good guidance. The novel’s extensive use of Latin and other foreign languages is an asset when using Shklovsky’s theories, because there is a lot of room for interpretation and reflection. The genre analysis too has great didactic potential because the The Name of the Rose relates to suspense novels in both typical and atypical ways.

Hösten 2020 beslutade Sveriges riksdag att sex- och samlevnadsundervisning ska vara ett examensmålen för alla lärarutbildningar (från förskolan och upp till gymnasiet) från hösten 2021 för lärarutbildningarna vara sexualundervisningen. Men beslutet redogör inte hur det ska gå till, eller vilket/vilka kunskapsmål i kursplanerna som omfattas. Lärarna får därmed stort utrymme för hur uppdraget ska realiseras. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka den didaktiska potentialen i Fredrik Backmans bok Björnstad. Boken har analyserats utifrån aspekterna identitetsskapande, genus och könsroller samt status, inom ramen för samhällskunskap 1b. För att uppfylla studiens syfte har kvalitativ textanalys tillämpats. Resultatet visar att boken har didaktisk potential eftersom boken visar på karaktärerna brottas med sina respektive identiteter och roller på sina individuella sätt, där ishockeykulturen har stor inverkan. / In the autumn of 2020, the Swedish Parliament decided that sex education should be one of the objectives for all teacher education (from preschool and up to upper secondary school) from the autumn of 2021. But the decision does not explain how it should be down or which knowledge goals in the syllabus are covered. The teacher get a lot of freedom to implement the assignment. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the didactic potential in Fredrik Backman’s book Björnstad. The book has been analyzed on the basis of the aspects identity creation, gender and gender roles, and status, within the framework of social studies 1b. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a qualitative text analysis has been applied. The result show that the book has didactic potential because the book shows the characters wrestling with their respective identities and roles in their individual’s ways, where the ice hockey culture has a great impact.

This study aims to investigate the didactic potential inherent in Sophocles' Antigone and Euripides' Medea within the framework of the Swedish school curriculum, coupled with its value-based assignment viewed through a gender theoretical perspective. The primary inquiries guiding this study are as follows: What pedagogical possibilities reside in the tragedies of Antigone and Medea concerning gender dynamics and their alignment with the educational objectives of the Swedish curriculum? In what ways do Antigone and Medea diverge in their treatment of gender-related themes? Additionally, what pedagogical considerations must educators bear in mind when addressing the teaching of Antigone and Medea across various instructional contexts? The theoretical foundations underpinning this investigation encompass gender theory and the theory delineating didactic potential in fiction, positing that literature possesses the capacity to foster critical thinking concerning foundational values. The principal methodological approach employed in this study is close reading, a method that entails a meticulous analysis of the text to discern subtle nuances and complexities inherent in the representation of gender in Antigone and Medea. The preeminent findings underscore the pervasive presence of the male-female dichotomy within the two works. Existing scholarship indicates a male association with the public sphere (polis) and a female association with the domestic sphere (oikos). However, both Antigone and Medea navigate between these spheres, reflecting their complexity and norm-defying nature. Notably, these characters exhibit traits traditionally ascribed to males, such as strong will, courage, and a propensity to question authority, offering intriguing implications from a gender theoretical standpoint. Consequently, the didactic potential of both tragedies is deemed substantial.  The tragedies serve as an auspicious foundation for aligning with the school's core values and the objectives of the Swedish curriculum. However, pedagogical deliberations are imperative, extending beyond individual reading. Integrating literature discussions and diverse tasks is advisable to broaden students' perspectives and enhance their repertoire. Teachers should also be cognizant of the inherent problematic aspects within the tragedies, necessitating a nuanced approach in instructional planning.

The paper deals with the theoretical foundations of extracurricular activities at the University, the existing methods of formation of general cultural competencies in the extracurricular environment of the University. Moreover, it characterises extracurricular activities at URFU, with the focus on artistic groups, determining their structure and potential. The analysis of general cultural competences formation in artistic groups at University is carried out. The activities to be included in the workplan of the artistic group in order to form general cultural competences of students are analyzed. The thesis proposes a competence-oriented workplan for artistic groups at University, aiming at the formation of general cultural competences. / В работе рассмотрены теоретические основы внеучебной деятельности университета, существующие способы формирования общекультурных компетенций во внеучебной среде университета, дана характеристика внеучебной деятельности УрФУ, в частности творческих коллективов. Это позволило определить потенциал деятельности творческого коллектива и его структуру. Проведен анализ формирования общекультурных компетенций в творческих коллективах университета. Проанализированы мероприятия, которые могут быть включены в программу работы творческого коллектива на предмет формирования общекультурных компетенций у студентов. Диссертация содержит компетентностно-ориентированной программу работы творческого коллектива университета, позволяющую формировать общекультурные компетенции.

Внедрение новой техники и технологии в производство предъявляет повышенные требования к персоналу, руководителям и подчиненным, работа которых требует не только овладения новыми технологическими знаниями, но и более совершенными методами управления людьми. Целью магистерской диссертации является изучение особенностей развития кадрового потенциала АО «Газпром газораспределение Север», разработка рекомендаций и комплекса мероприятий по совершенствованию кадрового потенциала предприятия в условиях автоматизации производства. Для решения поставленных задач использовались теоретические (анализ и синтез, моделирование, классификация, обобщение) и эмпирические (анализ документации и результатов деятельности, сравнение, эксперимент) методы. Разработаны новые методы и способы увеличения роста кадрового потенциала газотранспортного предприятия. Проект разработки методов и способа совершенствования системы управления и развития кадрового потенциала в условиях цифровизации предприятия является практически значимым результатом работы. / The introduction of new equipment and technology into production places increased demands on personnel, managers and subordinates, whose work requires not only mastering new technological knowledge, but also more advanced methods of managing people. The purpose of the master's thesis is to study the features of the development of the personnel potential of JSC "Gazprom gas distribution Sever", as well as the development of recommendations and a set of measures to improve the personnel potential of the enterprise in terms of production automation. To solve the tasks set, theoretical (analysis and synthesis, modeling, classification, generalization) and empirical (documentation and performance results analysis, comparison, experiment) methods were used. New methods and approaches have been developed to increase the growth of the personnel potential of a gas transportation company. The project of developing methods and ways for improving the management system and developing human resources under context of enterprise digitalization is a practically significant result of the work.

This study contains analysis from eight different children’s books, who are nominated for the preschool children’s literature prize on the platform Polyglutt, to look at the didactic potentials the books contain based on the Swedish preschool’s foundations of values. The purpose of the study is to illuminate and emphasize the importance that preschools teachers in their pedagogical planning makes conscious choices on the fiction the children in preschool are offered. To dwell deeper into the purpose of the study we use three main research questions, who ask for the didactic potential related to the foundation of values in preschool and also how feelings and relationships are portrayed and made visible in the literature. The theoretical framework we used to analyze the content of the books is Alkestrand’s (2016) description of books didactical potential. As help, we have used Rhedin's (1992) theory of how a children's book's text and image work together and Kåreland's (2021) description of the construction and structure of a children's book. The method used is a qualitative analysis based on the study's methodological questions where we answer what didactic potential we see in the book and why the book is relevant to read in preschool. The result that can be seen based on the analysis made, is that the selection’s of books we have used show that they are relevant to use in preschool, based on their didactic potential. / Denna studie innefattar analyser av åtta barnböcker, som är nominerade till Förskolebarnens litteraturpris på plattformen Polyglutt, för att se vilka didaktiska potentialer som finns i böckerna utifrån förskolans värdegrund.  Syftet med studien är att belysa och betona vikten av att som förskollärare i sin pedagogiska planering göra medvetna val av den skönlitteratur som erbjuds barn i förskolan. För att fördjupa syftet använder vi tre forskningsfrågor som frågar efter den didaktiska potentialen relaterat till värdegrunden i förskolan samt hur känslor och relationer representeras och synliggörs i litteraturen. Som teoretiskt ramverk har vi använt oss av Alkestrands (2016) beskrivning av böckers didaktiska potential för att analysera bokens innehåll. Som hjälp har vi använt oss av Rhedins (1992) teori om hur en barnboks text och bild samverkar och Kårelands (2021) beskrivning av en barnboks uppbyggnad och struktur. Metoden som använts är en kvalitativ analys utifrån studiens metodfrågor där vi besvarar vilken didaktisk potential vi ser i boken och varför boken är relevant att läsa i förskolan.  Resultatet som kan ses, utifrån den analys som gjorts, är att de urvalsböcker vi använt oss av, visar att de är relevanta att använda i förskolan, utifrån sin didaktiska potential.