Ce mémoire en Études cinématographiques en est un de recherche-création et porte sur le métier de premier assistant réalisateur au Québec. Le mémoire est accompagné d’un film documentaire (HD 27 min.) réalisé et monté par Anne-Catherine Bolduc. Le matériel de tournage des entrevues (20 heures) constitue le document de référence ayant permis le montage synthèse des entretiens menés auprès des assistants réalisateurs ainsi que la présente étude sur ce métier méconnu. Filmé en 2014, il présente le point de vue de dix professionnels sur le métier de premier assistant à la réalisation. Les deux documents décrivent et analysent en quoi consiste ce métier, en évaluant les fonctions ainsi que les impacts créatifs et organisationnels sur le projet. Ils répondent à deux questions principales, soit qu’est-ce que le travail d’un premier assistant réalisateur au Québec aujourd’hui et a-t-il une influence créative sur la production télévisuelle ou cinématographique. / This memoir in Film studies has been written in a context of research-creation and is about the first assistant director’s work in Quebec. A documentary (HD 27 min.) directed and edited by Anne-Catherine Bolduc goes along the master. The interviews footage (20 hours) is the reference for the executive summary of the documentary’s interviews and for this study of the first assistant director’s unknown job. Filmed in 2014, the documentary presents the viewpoint of ten professionals about the first assistant director’s job. The two documents describe and analyze the first assistant director’s job in evaluating the functions as well as the organizational and creative impacts on the realization. They address two main questions, namely what is the first assistant director’s job currently in Quebec and do the first assistant director have a creative influence on the film or television production.

En biologie évolutive, la variation phénotypique a longtemps été réduite au substrat sur lequel agissait la sélection naturelle. Toutefois, la constance intra-individuelle et le maintien intra-populationnel de certains comportements conduisirent au milieu des années 90 au développement du concept de personnalité animale, basé sur la caractérisation de traits tels que la néophobie, l’agressivité, les tendances exploratoires ou la prise de risque. De nombreuses études montrent que la personnalité est soumise à la sélection naturelle et est reliée à certaines stratégies biodémographiques, telles que la dispersion ou le comportement anti-prédateur.Les liens entre la personnalité animale et les stratégies d’appariement et d’approvisionnement, deux composantes fondamentales de la vie des organismes, ont pourtant été négligés jusqu’ici. Nous nous sommes donc attachés au cours de cette thèse à déterminer l’influence de la personnalité sur certains comportements sexuels et alimentaires à l’aide d’un organisme modèle en écologie comportementale : le Diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata). Puis, à l’inverse, nous avons souligné le rôle des sélections naturelle et sexuelle dans le maintien des variations de personnalité.Nos principaux résultats indiquent que certains traits de personnalité mesurés sont inter-corrélés au niveau de notre population captive d’oiseaux, définissant un syndrome comportemental. De plus, la personnalité prédit de manière différentielle le succès d’approvisionnement entre les contextes de compétition par exploitation et par interférence. Ainsi, les individus proactifs sont dominants lors d’épisodes de compétition par interférence mais souffrent d’un plus faible succès d’approvisionnement lors de jeux producteur-chapardeur. Ces résultats soulèvent la possibilité que la sélection naturelle favorise différentes personnalités dans différents contextes, offrant un mécanisme d’explication du maintien des variations intra-populationnelles de personnalité. De plus, ils suggèrent que la personnalité contraint l’optimalité des comportements à travers les situations. Enfin, dans un contexte de choix du partenaire, nous avons montré que la personnalité des femelles utilisées dans des tests de préférence par association influence les mesures de la sélectivité, des scores de préférence et de leur répétabilité.L’étude conjointe de la personnalité animale et des stratégies d’appariement et d’approvisionnement constitue ainsi une voie prometteuse dans l’explication du maintien des variations de personnalité par sélections naturelle et sexuelle, ainsi que dans l’étude de l’influence de la personnalité sur les stratégies biodémographiques des organismes en contextes alimentaire et sexuel / In evolutionary biology, phenotypic variation has for a long time been considered as the raw material on which natural selection acts. However, research on the consistency of behaviour led to the development of the animal personality concept during the 1990s. This concept was based on the characterization of traits such as neophobia, aggressiveness, exploratory tendencies and risk-taking behaviour. Since then, several studies have shown that personality can evolve through natural selection and is related to many life-history traits, such as dispersal or anti-predator behaviour.Pairing strategies and foraging strategies are two fundamental components of an organism’s life, but their relationships with personality have so far been neglected. In this thesis, we determined the extent to which personality influences sexual and feeding behaviour, using the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) as a model organism. Our work highlights the role of natural and sexual selection on the maintenance of personality variation.Some personality traits are related to each other within our sample, defining a behavioural syndrome. Moreover, personality predicted feeding success in competitive situations, but differently for scramble and interference competition. Proactive individuals were dominant in interference competition but had lower feeding success in producer-scrounger games. Interestingly, these results suggest that natural selection could favour different personalities depending on the context, perhaps explaining the maintenance of personality variation within populations. Moreover, personality could constrain behavioural optimality across situations. Finally, in a mate-choice context, we found that female personality influences selectivity, preference and its repeatability during spatial association tests.The joint study of personality and pairing and foraging strategies thus represents a promising avenue of research for understanding the maintenance of personality variation through natural and sexual selection. Moreover, personality can considerably influence some life-history traits in sexual and foraging contexts

Le modèle de production et de consommation linéaire, qui se résume à: extraire, produire, utiliser puis jeter, menace la préservation de nos ressources naturelles, alors même que les Déchets d’Équipements Électriques et Électroniques (DEEE) constituent des « mines urbaines » riches en métaux de valeur. Les politiques publiques classiques des années 70, fondées sur une approche régalienne, se sont révélées inefficaces pour stimuler des démarches innovantes et collectives.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions une approche alternative fondée sur un principe de responsabilisation des producteurs, encadrés par une forme de co-régulation entre acteurs publics et privés. Alors que la responsabilité est souvent associée à une logique individuelle, qu’est-ce qu’une responsabilité collective? Plus encore, pour faire de la responsabilisation une technique politique de gouvernement, quels processus et instruments s’agit-il de mobiliser pour rendre des acteurs collectivement responsables?À travers le cas de la filière des DEEE, cette thèse propose des principes de la co-régulation. Nous nous appuyons sur la littérature sur les communs, où ont été discutées les conditions d’une gestion et d’une gouvernance collectives. La thèse repose sur une approche exploratoire, qualitative et longitudinale. Une analyse comparative au niveau européen permet une mise en perspective des propositions théoriques. / The Linear Economy is structured on: extraction, production, product use and landfill. This model prevails although it is a threat to the preservation of natural resources. Whereas, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) constitute “Urban Mines” that are rich in valuable metals. Public policies from the 70s, based on regulatory constraints, have proved to be inefficient in instigating innovative and collective processes.In this thesis, we study an alternative approach based on the responsabilization of producers through co-regulated action between public and private actors. While responsibility is often linked to individualism, this work scrutinizes the substance of collective responsibility. Furthermore, in consideration of responsabilization as a mode of political governance, we examine the processes and the instruments which could be engaged to bestow collective responsibility on private actors.Through an exploratory, qualitative and longitudinal approach in the context of the WEEE sector, we propose new co-regulation principles. The research is based on the literature of the commons in which the conditions of a collective governance are discussed. The theoretical propositions are considered in the perspective of a comparative analysis at the European level.

Mit der Arbeit wird angestrebt, die komplexen Prozesse der Herstellung von an Tonträger gebundenen Klangkonfigurationen innerhalb des Tonstudios, die im Zuge feldspezifischer Prozesse als Popmusik funktionieren können, unter bestimmten Rahmenbedingungen durch Beobachtungen, Beschreibungen und Analysen bzw. Interpretationen zu erfassen. Die Funktion bzw. Funktionsweise dieser Institution des Feldes der populären Musikproduktion soll unter Verweis auf wahrgenommene Mechanismen und Strukturen jenes Feldes nachvollziehbar gemacht werden. Zur Auswertung der in Feldstudien erhobenen Daten werden Theorien von Pierre Bourdieu und Michel Foucault genutzt, da die Komplexität der untersuchten Prozesse mit Hilfe nur eines Ansatzes nicht hinreichend hätte interpretiert werden können. Im Gegensatz zur Intention Bourdieus wird jedoch auf einen allgemeinen, übergreifenden Gültigkeitsanspruch der Erkenntnisse auf gesellschaftliche Prozesse oder vermeintlich verwandte Felder verzichtet; die Arbeit orientiert sich vielmehr an der Herangehensweise einer auf den Untersuchungsgegenstand bezogenen Theorie der Grounded Theory. Die verwendeten Daten sind der Arbeit in transkribierter Form als Anhang beigefügt. / This dissertation attempts to adequately represent and explain the complex field-specific processes which take place in the recording studios of popular music production during the creation of configurations of sound. Using participant observation in Berlin-based recording studios for data collection, this data was analyzed by utilizing and modifying the works of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault. In contrast to Bourdieu’s claims that fields have an identical structure, the field of popular music production is quite unique in its workings and cannot be explained in such a manner. Based on these findings, a partially different model and terminology is being developed. Most of the used data is available as (German) transcription in the appendix.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mary Mercia Garbelini Salles 1-75.pdf: 23208230 bytes, checksum: 00e6b3bf3506a82eb5de79b5e6ce69dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / The present research examines the interference occurred in the surroundings of the neighboring areas between the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas - RMC, in the state of S?o Paulo, which have been and are still in a process of major modification. The theretical framework of this study relies on authors specialized on urbanism, tourism and the other disciplines of the social sciences. This work deals with the contemporany realy in a rural area under the perspective of the periurban phenomenon, which occurs in the RMC. For better understanting of this plenomenon, a particular location in the city of Valinhos and Campinas was selected. The area concerned, considered sui generis, is divided into lots, which were formed in the 1960's during what is considered to be the first implantation of agrarian reform in the State of S?o Paulo, called "Bairro Reforma Agr?ria". The approach favored the periurban phenomenon and the possibilities of implementing rural tourism in a way that it benefits the development and preservation of the available rural areas. It evaluates whether there's a promising prospect of implantation of tourism as an important alternative economic tool for the rural producer and whether it promotes the conservation of cultural and evironmental patrimony. The majority of the producers showed lack of interest in the development of any tourist activity. It was found that the public policies for the transformation of the rural areas and its surroundings are, at the time, the greatest concerns of farmers, requiring of them new forms of social-territorial organization. / Na pesquisa analisaram-se as interfer?ncias ocorridas no entorno das ?reas lim?trofes entre os munic?pios da Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas - RMC, no estado de S?o Paulo, que se transformaram e que ainda est?o em processo de grandes transforma??es. O referencial te?rico apoiou-se em autores de Urbanismo, Turismo e outras disciplinas da ?rea de Ci?ncias Sociais. o presente trabalho aborda a realidade contempor?nea em ?rea rural sob a perspectiva do fen?meno periurbano que ocorre na RMC. Para melhor compreens?o deste fen?meno, selecionou-se uma localidade espec?fica na cidade de Valinhos e Campinas. A ?rea em quest?o, considerada su? generis, ? de um loteamento formado a partir de revis?o agr?ria em 1960, sendo popularmente considerada a primeira implanta??o de reforma agr?ria no Estado de S?o Paulo e denominada de Bairros "Reforma Agr?ria". A abordagem privilegiou o fen?meno periurbano e as possibilidades de implantar o turismo rural como beneficiador do desenvolvimento para a preserva??o das ?reas rurais existentes. Avaliou-se tamb?m se h? perspectiva promissora de implanta??o do turismo como importante ferramenta de alternativa econ?mica para o produtor rural para promover a conserva??o do patrim?nio ambiental e cultural. A maioria dos produtores apresentou desinteresse em desenvolver qualquer atividade tur?stica. Constatou-se ainda que pol?ticas p?blicas para transforma??o das ?reas no e do entorno rural s?o no momento as maiores preocupa??es dos produtores rurais, exigindo deles novas formas de organiza??o s?cio territorial

A Inteligência Artificial Distribuída traz uma série de novas perspectivas para a computação quando considera sistemas heterogêneos, adaptativos, evolutivos, continuamente em funcionamento e abertos. Estes sistemas, chamados de sociedades, apresentam tais características por permitirem que seus componentes, chamados de agentes, migrem entre sociedades, isto é, agentes podem sair e entrar em sociedades. Sociedades abertas permitem a migração dos agentes e coloca dois tipos de problemas para o agente que está migrando: problemas de linguagem e interação, que concernem ao uso de expressões usadas e à maneira como as interações são organizadas na nova sociedade; e, problemas de conhecimento e atuação, que se referem à como um agente irá se comportar a fim de realizar justamente aquilo que a sociedade espera dele. Este trabalho se atem aos problemas de conhecimento e atuação. Para que os agentes da sociedade possam cooperar e coordenar suas ações, é necessário que tenham conhecimento das capacidades, habilidades, desejos e planos dos outros agentes. Grande parte do conhecimento a respeito dos outros pode ser extraído dos papéis que estes podem assumir na sociedade. Assim sendo, o problema colocado para este trabalho é como os agentes da sociedade que receberam o agente imigrante e o próprio agente imigrante conhecerão/aprenderão os papéis uns dos outros. São desenvolvidos três mecanismos de identificação de papéis, bem como a comparação entre eles e sua adequação a tipos de migração. Os três mecanismos são os seguintes: i) Identificação de papéis por protocolo de apresentação: é proposta uma linguagem de descrição de protocolos (LDP) e uma especificação de protocolo de apresentação nesta LDP. Os agentes que utilizam este mecanismo conseguem se identificar com rapidez, porém necessitam conhecer várias informações “locais” da sociedade, o que pode ser muito restritivo para um agente migrante. ii) Identificação de papéis por observação e classificação: esta solução procura classificar o agente observado em um papel de um conjunto prédefinido de papéis. Neste conjunto, os papéis são descritos por meio de processos de interação (PI). Para isto, desenvolveu-se a noção de PI. Para isto, desenvolveu-se a noção de PI. Foram desenvolvidas duas formas de proceder a classificação: construir uma especificação do agente a partir da observação das suas ações e verificar se esta pertence ao conjunto pré-definido de papéis; e, verificar se o comportamento do agente confere com as execuções possíveis para algum dos papéis pré-definidos. Este mecanismo é mais adequado para sociedades abertas e tem boa precisão no resultado apresentado, porém, a identificação do papel de um agente pode ser demorada. iii) Identificação de papéis por reconhecimento de intenções em planos: este mecanismo baseia-se na existência de uma relação entre intenções e papéis. A partir das ações observadas para o agente, procura-se saber qual seu plano, sua intenção e, conseqüentemente, seu papel. Para isto foi implementado um procedimento de indução de planos. Este mecanismo também é adequado para sociedades abertas, no entanto, a identificação, embora satisfatória, nem sempre é completamente correta. Estes três mecanismos foram testados em simulações numa implementação da sociedade Produtor - Consumidor, onde puderam ser comprovadas as características de cada um. / Distributed Artificial Intelligence brings a number of new perspectives to Computing Science when heterogeneous, adaptative and evolutive systems, those under functioning and open, are taken into consideration. These systems, named societies, present these characteristics because they allow their components, named agents, to migrate within societies, that is, agents are allowed to enter and to leave societies. Agents' migration brings two kinds of problems to the migrating agent: language and interaction problems both related to the use of used expressions and to the way the interactions are organized in the new society; and, knowledge and performance problems refering to the way the agent will behave in order to accomplish exactly what society expects him to do. This work is limited to knowledge and performance problems. In order to cooperate and coordinate their actions, the society's agents need to learn about the capabilities, abilities wishes and plans of other agents. A great part of knowledge of others can be extracted from the social roles these agents can play. Therefore, the problem posed in this work is how social agents who has received an immigrating agent and the immigrating agent himself will know and learn one another's roles. Three role identification mechanisms, and the comparison between them and their adaptation to migration types as well are developed. The three mechanisms are the following: i) Role Identification by means of presentation protocol:a language of protocol description (LPD) and a specification of presentation protocol in this LPD are proposed. The agents who use this mechanism can rapidly identify each other, however they need know a number of 'local' social information, which can be very restrictive to the migrating agent. ii) Role identification by means of observation and classification: this solution tries to classify the observed agent as a role out of set of definite roles. In this set, the roles are described by means of interactional processes (IP). Therefore, the notion of IP was developed. Two ways to proceed the role classification were developed: to build the agent's especification departing from the observation of their actions and to check whether this especification belongs to a set of pre-defined roles; and to check whether the agent's behavior fits the possible executions to some predefined roles. This mechanism is more adequate to open societies and has good precision in the result presented, but, the agent's role identification can last longer. iii) Role Identification by means of intention and plans recognition: this mechanism is based on the existence of a relationship between intentions and roles. By departing from the agent's observed actions, his plan, intention, consequently, his role is recognized. Therefore an induced plan procedure was implemented. This mechanism is also adequate to open societies, however, the identification, though satisfactory, is not always totally correct. These three mechanisms were tested in simulated situations in a kind of Producer- Consumer Society implementation in which each one's characteristics could be verified.

Submitted by Paula Mariko Hatsumura (paulahatsumura@gmail.com) on 2018-11-05T19:06:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula M Hatsumura_ Versao-FInal.pdf: 8876911 bytes, checksum: c63d2715f25d812f9ed9d925425c2844 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-11-08T19:15:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hatsumura_pm_me_ilha.pdf: 8876911 bytes, checksum: c63d2715f25d812f9ed9d925425c2844 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T19:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hatsumura_pm_me_ilha.pdf: 8876911 bytes, checksum: c63d2715f25d812f9ed9d925425c2844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste projeto técnico tem-se como objetivo a elaboração de uma proposta que subsidie o projeto básico de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais do Programa Produtor de Água na bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio. Esta bacia hidrográfica está localizada no extremo oeste do Estado de São Paulo, na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Pontal do Paranapanema - UGRHI 22 e possui uma área de, aproximadamente, 198 km², englobando partes dos municípios de Álvares Machado, Anhumas, Pirapozinho, Presidente Prudente e Regente Feijó. A proposta foi realizada com base no Manual Operativo do Programa Produtor de Água – 2ª Edição, que compõe as orientações às pessoas e instituições que pretendam participar deste programa. O conteúdo principal dessa pesquisa consiste na elaboração do Roteiro Mínimo de Apresentação do Projeto, a qual contou com a participação de diversas entidades, definidas como instituições parceiras, cada qual com suas especialidades. Foi elaborada a caracterização da bacia hidrográfica, com base em estudos já realizados; as metodologias que serão utilizadas como estratégias de PSA, de educação ambiental, estratégias para as ações de restauração ecológica, conservação de água e solo, bem como para o monitoramento da bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio. Dessa forma, espera-se que este estudo gere subsídios para que, futuramente, na área em estudo possa se implantar efetivamente o Programa Produtor de Água, beneficiando assim o meio ambiente, com a proteção e a produção de água, bem como os produtores rurais da bacia hidrográfica em estudo. / In this technical project the objective is the preparation of a proposal that subsidizes the basic project of Payment for Environmental Services of the Water Producer Program in the watershed of the wellspring of the high current of Santo Anastácio River. This watershed is located in the extreme west of the State of São Paulo, in the Water Resources Management Unit of Pontal do Paranapanema - UGRHI 22 and has an area of approximately 198 km², encompassing parts of the cities of Álvares Machado, Anhumas, Pirapozinho, Presidente Prudente and Regente Feijó. The proposal was based on the Operational Manual of the Water Producer Program – 2nd Edition, which makes up the guidelines persons and institutions wishing to participate in this program. The main content of this research is the elaboration of the Minimal Presentation of the Project, which was attended by several entities, defined as partner institutions each with its own specialties. It was elaborated the characterization of watershed based on studies already made; the methodologies that will be used as PSA strategies, environmental education, strategies for ecological restoration actions, water and soil conservation, as well as for the monitoring of watershed of the wellspring of the high current of Santo Anastácio River. Thus, it is expected that this study will generate subsidies so that, in the future, in the study área the Water Producer Program, thus benefiting the environment, with the protection and production of water, and the rural producers of the study watershed. / CAPES: Código de Financiamento 001

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao _Daniel Teotonio.pdf: 2870442 bytes, checksum: b13789aa4a36ae969acd407bb016879d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / The government introduced, in 2003, the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) (Food Acquisition Program), to facilitate the marketing of farming family food, even so, ensuring food security for certain groups. The PAA is considered an important national public policy for farming family, which is essential to check the satisfaction level of one of its main performer, the farmers, because they are the ones that initiate the entire PAA process. It was noticed that the assessment methodologies of the PAA, developed up to now, have specific directions, not including important operating and socioeconomic indicators of the PAA. Therefore, this paper aimed to develop a model for the evaluation of public policy (PAA), the mode Compra com doação simultânea (CDS) (Purchase with Simultaneous Donation), able to detect the degree of satisfaction of the farmers in relation to operational and socioeconomic aspects of the public program. The Modelo de Avaliação de Satisfação (MAS) (Satisfaction Evaluation Model) developed, had two purposes: a) to detect the grade of satisfaction of farmers about the PAA public policy; and b) to assess the grade of satisfaction of family farmers about the management of the cooperatives or associations with which they are affiliated. The research, in its purpose, was descriptive and explanatory, about the means, it was bibliographical, documentary, field and study case. To verify the applicability of the proposed methodology, the Model MAS was tested in the Cooperativa da Agricultura Familiar e Solidária do Oeste do Paraná (COAFASO) (Cooperative of Agriculture Family and Solidarity of Western Paraná State). Data were tabulated and analyzed according to the steps set out in the Model MAS, using statistical techniques of exploratory analysis and dimensional analysis. After executing all the steps, it was verified the viability of the proposed Model, as it was possible to detect, in an objective way, the satisfaction level of the family farmers. The results showed that the farmers are satisfied about the PAA and the COAFASO Cooperative management. However, a number of producers showed dissatisfaction with some of the PAA indicators, especially about the prices paid for their products and for the required documents in relation some priority groups. About the Cooperative Management also were found some negative indicators. Thus, there were made two proposals of intervention. One targeted to the public agencies and other to the directors of COAFASO / O Governo Federal instituiu em 2003 o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), visando facilitar a comercialização dos alimentos da agricultura familiar e, ao mesmo tempo, assegurar a segurança alimentar de determinados coletivos. Hoje, o PAA é considerado uma importante política pública nacional para a agricultura familiar, o que torna imprescindível verificar o grau de satisfação de um de seus principais atores, os agricultores familiares, pois são eles que desencadeiam todo o processo do PAA. Notou-se que as metodologias de avaliação do PAA, desenvolvidas até o momento, possuem direcionamentos específicos, não incluindo importantes indicadores operacionais e socioeconômicos do PAA. Assim, esta dissertação teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo para a avaliação da política pública (PAA), modalidade Compra com Doação Simultânea (CDS), capaz de detectar o grau de satisfação dos agricultores familiares, em relação aos aspectos operacionais e socioeconômicos do programa público. O Modelo de Avaliação de Satisfação (MAS) desenvolvido teve duas finalidades: a) detectar o grau de satisfação dos agricultores familiares em relação à política pública PAA; e b) avaliar o grau de satisfação dos agricultores familiares em relação à gestão das cooperativas ou associações às quais estão filiados. A pesquisa, quanto aos fins, foi descritiva e explicativa e, quanto aos meios, foi bibliográfica, documental, de campo e estudo de caso. Para se verificar a aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta, o Modelo MAS foi testado na Cooperativa da Agricultura Familiar e Solidária do Oeste do Paraná (COAFASO). Os dados foram tabulados e analisados, segundo as etapas estabelecidas no Modelo MAS, utilizando-se de técnicas estatísticas de análise exploratória e análise bidimensional. Após a realização de todas as etapas, constatou-se a viabilidade do Modelo proposto, uma vez que foi capaz de detectar, de forma objetiva, o grau de satisfação dos agricultores familiares. Os resultados apontaram que os agricultores familiares estão satisfeitos em relação ao PAA e a gestão da Cooperativa COAFASO. Todavia, determinado número de produtores manifestou insatisfação com alguns indicadores do PAA, especialmente quanto aos preços pagos por seus produtos em relação aos grupos prioritários, e também quanto à documentação exigida. Sobre a gestão da Cooperativa igualmente detectaram-se alguns indicadores negativos. Dessa maneira, foram realizadas duas propostas de intervenção: uma direcionada aos órgãos públicos e outra aos diretores da COAFASO.

最小成本下，規格及X-bar-S管制圖之設計 / The design of economic statistical control charts and specification are both crucial research areas in industry. Furthermore, the determination of consumer and producer specifications is important to producer. In this study, we consider eight cost models including the consumer loss function and/or the producer loss function with the economic statistical X-bar and S charts or Shewhart-type economic X-bar and S charts. To determine the design parameters of the X-bar and S charts and consumer tolerance and/or producer tolerance, we using the Genetic Algorithm to minimizing expected cost per unit time. In the comparison of examples and sensitivity analyses, we found that the optimal design parameters of the Shewhart-type economic X-bar and S charts are similar to those of economic statistical X-bar and S control charts, and the expected cost per unit time may lower than the actual cost per unit time when the cost model only considering consumer loss or producer loss. When considering both consumer and producer tolerances in the cost model, the design parameters of the economic X-bar and S charts are not sensitive to the cost models. If the producer tolerance is smaller than the consumer tolerance, and the producer loss is smaller than the consumer loss, the optimal producer tolerance should be small.

創新於本世紀中為各大企業爭相研發或追求的珍貴資產，但此珍貴資產之所以致能領先市場、使企業居於永續的市場領導地位則是各個產業所致力研究的範疇。如何能達到永續的市場領導而居於市場不敗之優勢 ? 是須要透過具有符合市場劇變的創新?而其創新又須要具有如何的特性或是與時代性相關的演化性 ? 另，市場劇變的因素是否又與使用者以及代表新科技的載體有著密不可分的關係 ? 本研究將以一個現今仍居領導地位的網站實例來分析其致勝的原因，並且以質性研究的方法進行層層的頗析，揭開網路服務的神秘面紗。 網路服務的世界，豐富且多樣化，因此本研究將創新的研究範圍聚焦於新聞自製性內容的｢話題新聞」為主軸，透過｢話題新聞」的守門人:話題製作人，並且對應於創新三大構面：內容、載體與商業模式，進而探討其不斷創新是須要具有調適性的特質。而若以創新理論的精神為內涵，又同時須結合網路之｢使用者為大」的雙重考量下，研究則以Henry教授的開放式創新與von Hipple教授的使用者創新，並為核心理論的依據。至此，本篇研究的架構清晰易見。 經由親身參與的田野調查與近期的資料蒐集，本研究將透過網路服務的特性與使用者溝通的互動方式，整理後發現其特殊的共創過程與調適性的特質。研究中更將揭露自製性內容的共創對於載體的影響，並且對應於資訊傳播模式的演化，爾後延伸至商業模式的多所變化。最終，希望透過本研究能提供台灣傳統新聞媒體及企業界創新的具體參考，不僅在理論面向得以印證及延伸，更於實務面提供操作的執行方向。 關鍵字：使用者創新，開放式創新：內容、載體與商業模式，調適性，新聞製 作，資訊傳播，經濟活動，話題新聞，製作人，行動研究，質性研 究。 / Innovation is the precious asset in this century for all the companies to seek, study or develop as it is the way to win or sustain the leading position where the enterprises are eager to reach. However, how to continue the innovation so as to retain the leadership? Or which attributes or evolutions the innovation should have to react to the market change? How the factors of market transformation correlate with the users and high-tech (electronics) devices? This study will use a global leading website as a sample and explore the elements of its success through the qualitative research method. The internet contains the diversified services. Thus the research selects the news reproduction as the main study subject. By observing the daily operation of the “Topic News” gatekeepers, Topic News producers, and analyzing three dimensions of innovation: contents, devices and business models, the study figures out the fact that the constant innovation should possess the characteristic of Adaptability. Furthermore, considering both the essence of Innovation theories and the internet user behavior, the study cites Open Innovation by Prof. Henry and User Innovation by Prof. von Hipple as the core theories to support the whole research. By participating in the field investigation and collecting the recent data, the study discovers the particular procedure of co-producing contents as well as the characteristic of Adaptability through researching on the internet service and its communication and interaction with the users. The study further reveals the impact which the reproduced content makes on the devices themselves, evolution of the information dissemination and even the types of the business models. The ultimate objective of the study is not only to prove the truth of the theories but also to contribute several suggestions and references towards the traditional news media and the enterprise innovation on the execution and operation directions. Key words : User Innovation, Open Innovation, Content, Devices and Business model, Adaptive, News re-production, Dissemination of information, Economic Activity, Topic News, Topic News Producer, Action Research, Qualitative Research.