A garantia da igualdade implica a proibição da discriminação. Algumas normas internacionais criaram exceções à proibição de discriminar com o objetivo de permitir a adoção de medidas especiais ou positivas de caráter transitório para acelerar o desenvolvimento e a representação de grupos e categorias que, por motivos discriminatórios, se encontrem em posição de desvantagem diante dos demais. Cabe ao Estado eleger os grupos beneficiários e as medidas de ação afirmativa adequadas para atingir o fim almejado. A constitucionalidade das medidas de ação afirmativa depende da análise em concreto de cada tipo quanto à compatibilidade com os demais direitos e garantias fundamentais por se tratar de medida de exceção quanto à proibição de discriminar. As políticas públicas que incluam medidas de ação afirmativa devem se pautar pelos princípios da razoabilidade e da proporcionalidade, para que a busca da igualdade material não implique o paradoxo de criar novas desigualdades. A política de reserva de vagas por meio de cotas não é o tipo de ação afirmativa mais adequada ao Brasil. As cotas raciais são incompatíveis com a realidade brasileira, carecendo de proporcionalidade na medida em que não se prestam ao fim colimado no tocante ao combate à discriminação e ao preconceito. A formulação de uma política participativa com incentivos à representatividade de grupos sub-representados por meio de metas e cronogramas sem qualquer viés racial tende a atingir melhores resultados sem que o Estado institucionalize a racialização por meio da discriminação reversa. / The equality safeguard implies a ban on discrimination. Some international standards have created exceptions to the ban on discrimination to enable the adoption of special or positive measures, transient in nature, and speed up the development and representation of groups and segments that, because of discrimination, would be at a disadvantage before others. It falls to the government to choose the beneficiaries as well as the appropriate affirmativeaction measures to achieve the desired outcome. The constitutionality of affirmative-action measures depends on a concrete analysis of the compatibility of each type with the other fundamental rights and safeguards since this is an exception to the ban on discrimination. Any policies that include affirmative-action measures must follow the principles of reasonableness and proportionality so that the search for material equality does not entail an inequality-creating paradox. The racial-quota policy is not the appropriate type of affirmative action for Brazil. Racial quotas are incompatible with the Brazilian reality and lack proportionality as they fail to counter discrimination and bigotry. Devising a participatory policy that encourages the representation of underrepresented groups through goals and timetables without any racial bias tends to achieve better results and the government does not have to institutionalize racialization through reverse discrimination.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Irene de Lima Freitas.pdf: 12331661 bytes, checksum: 98e3a0aaa0b640521f329bf8bea765c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at discussing how the construction of the discourse concerning quotas in Brazil happens in the media, and how it is fits into the debate about exclusion/inclusion of the Negroes in the Brazilian society. Due to the vastness of the issue, the object of the study was chosen, taking into consideration, firstly, the year 2002, the period of most commotion in the media, relating to the discursive impact of exclusion, having as the background the issue of the quotas. During this year, a publication that systematically wrote about the subject was the magazine Caros Amigos. Thus, considering that the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio de Janeiro instituted quotas of up to 40% for the access of the Negro and dark population to the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, based on Law number 3,708, dated 9 November 2011, the magazine was the one chosen to be analyzed, as from the editions published in the months of June to November 2002. Before the analysis in itself, and in order to fundament it historically, we searched for information about the antecedents of this policy called affirmative action aiming at understanding which elements helped to bring about the fact of such measures being taken up in Brazil. Secondly, we chose, in the total of editions selected, 5 articles, 6 letters from readers and 6 magazine covers, all dealing with the matter of quotas and we considered each one of them as verbal and/or verbo-visual utterances. We understand utterances as discursive practices that enable the study and understanding of their functioning as from the crisscrossing of the materiality of the language present in them, as well as the conditions of production, circulation and reception that serve as background. The basic theoretical and methodological perspective is the dialogical theory/analysis of discourse, as put forward in the works of M. Bakhtin and his Circle, especially in that it refers to the notions of verbal interaction, utterance and forms of presence in the discourse of the other. The social relevance of this research is due to the importance that the policy concerning quotas took on in the Brazilian society and also due to the fact that it explores the issue in a dialogic perspective, in other words, understanding interaction as the founding principle of language which articulates in specific historical, social and cultural contexts. It is also relevant to investigate verbal and verbo-visual texts/discourses considering a culture magazine, in this case, Caros Amigos. As a result of the study, it may be stated that the multiple voices and senses present in the texts that make up the corpus - magazine covers, articles, letters from readers - show that the magazine builds up its editorial positioning before the object of discourse, as from the value that interlocutors attribute to its construction; the polemic is part of the magazine editorial line of thought; the opposition between interlocutors determines the construction of the statements; while opening up space for discussions concerning different visions of the world, it contributes to social transformation; the dialogic analysis of the statements in the media contribute to a better understanding of the social nature of discourse as well as the subjects which are relevant to society, like the quota issue / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir como se dá, na média, a construção do discurso sobre o sistema de cotas no Brasil e como ele se insere no debate sobre a exclusão/inclusão dos negros na sociedade brasileira. Dada à amplitude da questão, o objeto de estudo foi escolhido tendo em vista, primeiramente, o ano de 2002, período de efervescência, na média, do embate discursivo da exclusão, tendo como pano de fundo o tema das cotas. Nesse ano, um periódico que sistematicamente se ocupou do assunto foi a revista Caros Amigos. Assim, considerando que a Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro instituiu cotas de até 40% para as populações negras e perdas no acesso à Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e à Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, com base na Lei no 3.708, de 09 de novembro de 2001, a revista foi a escolhida para ser analisada a partir dos números veiculados nos meses de junho a novembro de 2002. Antes da análise propriamente dita, e para poder fundamentá-la historicamente, buscamos informações sobre os antecedentes dessa política denominada ação afirmativa, com o objetivo de entender que elementos colaboraram para que medidas nessa direção fossem sendo adotadas no Brasil. Em seguida, escolhemos, no universo dos números selecionados, 5 artigos, 6 cartas de leitores e 6 capas, conjunto voltado para a questão das cotas, e consideramos cada um deles como enunciados verbais e/ou verbo-visuais. Entendemos enunciados como práticas discursivas que possibilitam o estudo e a compreensão de seu funcionamento a partir do entrecruzar da materialidade da língua neles presente e das condições de produção, circulação e recepção que os abrigam. A perspectiva teórica e metodológica de base é a teoria/análise dialógica do discurso, conforme depreendida dos trabalhos de M. Bakhtin e do Circulo, especialmente no que se refere às noções de interação verbal, enunciado e formas de presença do discurso de outrem. A relevância social dessa pesquisa deve-se à importância que a política de cotas assumiu na sociedade brasileira e, também, ao fato de explorar o tema em perspectiva dialógica, ou seja, concebendo a interação como o principio fundador da linguagem que se articula em contextos históricos, sociais e culturais especificas. E relevante, ainda, investigar textos/discursos verbais e verbo-visuais, considerando uma revista de cultura, no caso, Caros Amigos. Como resultado do trabalho, podemos afirmar que: as múltiplas vozes e sentidos presentes nesses textos que compõe o corpus - capas, artigos, cartas de leitores demonstram que a revista constrói seu posicionamento editorial diante do objeto do discurso, a partir do valor que os interlocutores atribuem à sua construção; a polêmica é constitutiva da linha editorial da revista; os embates entre os interlocutores determinam a construção dos enunciados; ao abrir espaço para discussões de diferentes visões de mundo, e contribui para as transformações sociais; a análise dialógica de enunciados da média contribui para uma melhor compreensão da natureza social do discurso

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubeni Pereira de Queiroz.pdf: 1242273 bytes, checksum: 5f1797ad5832eedfef73b1c3740f1f10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-27 / The present study it is of exploratory nature with qualitative boarding arrived in port in an empirical research, consisting of interviews and significant documentary registers. The light in the dialectic method, was looked to guide the inquiry from the philosophical categories, essence and appearance, done by the law of the contradiction. The theme of study covers the configuration of the historical process of social and cultural exclusion of black Brazilian higher education. The problem is the search around for reflections on new strategies of access to higher education, through the policy of quotas, specifically for the black students . Intend question and analyse the main meanings of a legal process and academic inconclusive, under one of the institutions members of the State System of Higher Education in Goiás: the UEG, by the fact be in the single IES to deploy until now, the achievement of a legal right. Bi-to reconstruct the trajectory of the construction of Law No. 14.832, July 12, 2004 / Goias, their journeys, their problems, their deployment. With the deployment of Law, democratizing up access for blacks in higher education in Goias, leaving them, however, without the Program of Support and Monitoring. Consequently without the financial resources so these social agents could succeed in its path university, it is concluded that, in practice, have not been consolidated effective ways for the exercise and enjoyment of rights established by Law This fact can be observed by the absence of public interventions with the IES belonging the system. The standard is inert, the implementation of the Quota Law in higher education in Goias gave up in a limited way. / O presente estudo é de natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa aportada em uma pesquisa empírica, constituída por entrevistas e significativos registros documentais. À luz do método dialético, procurou-se orientar a investigação a partir das categorias filosóficas, essência e aparência, mediatizadas pela lei da contradição. A temática de estudo abarca a configuração do processo histórico de exclusão social e cultural do negro brasileiro no ensino superior. O problema de pesquisa volta-se para as reflexões sobre novas estratégias de acesso à educação superior, por intermédio da política de cotas, especificamente às destinadas aos estudantes negros. Pretendeu-se problematizar e analisar as principais significações de um processo legal e acadêmico inconcluso, no âmbito de uma das instituições integrantes do Sistema Estadual de Educação Superior em Goiás: a UEG, pelo fato de constituir-se na única IES a implantar, até o momento, a conquista legal de um direito. Pretendeu-se reconstruir a trajetória da construção da Lei nº 14.832, de 12 de julho de 2004 / Goiás, seus percursos, seus problemas, sua implantação. Com a da implantação da Lei, democratizou- se o acesso para negros na educação superior em Goiás, deixando-os, contudo, sem o Programa de Apoio e Acompanhamento. Conseqüentemente sem os recursos financeiros, para que esses agentes sociais pudessem ter êxito em sua caminhada universitária, conclui-se que, na prática, não foram consolidadas formas efetivas para o exercício e gozo de direitos estabelecidos por Lei. Tal fato pode ser observado pela ausência de intervenções públicas junto as IES jurisdicionadas ao Sistema. Com o engessamento da norma, a implantação da Lei das Cotas na educação superior em Goiás deu-se de forma limitada.

<p>Denna uppsats handlar om den svenska Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetsmål som har satts upp för att främja jämställdheten och på sikt få in fler kvinnor i organisationen. Mer specifikt handlar uppsatsen om hur kvinnorna inom Försvarsmakten anser att dessa jämställdhetsmål efterlevs. Uppsatsen baserar sig på intervjuer med tre kvinnliga yrkesofficerare som får ge sin syn på livet i och runt det militära samt på försvarets jämställdhetsarbete och hur det påverkar dem. Resultaten jag kommer fram till i denna uppsats är att Försvarsmakten för dessa tre kvinnor är en bra arbetsplats för dem, oavsett deras individuella livssituationer, men att det fortfarande finns en hel del att jobba på vad gäller jämställdhetsmålen.</p> / <p>This thesis is about the Swedish armed forces and the equality goals which have been established to give equal opportunities between the sexes and to encourage more women to join the armed forces. More specifically this study is about the women of the armed forces and whether they believe that these equality goals have been achieved or not. The thesis is based on interviews with three female officers employed by the Swedish armed forces. They answered questions regarding their experiences of the equality goals and about their day to day life regarding their job as well as questions about their social life. The conclusion of this thesis is that the armed forces in general seem to be good employer regarding equality, regardless of the women’s individual lifestyles, but that there is still work to do regarding the equality between the sexes.</p>

<p>This thesis presents models applicable for aquatic ecosystems. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) form an important part of the thesis. The dynamic mass balance models focus on nutrient fluxes, biotic/abiotic interactions and operate on different temporal and spatial scales (site, local, regional and international). The relevance and role of scale in mass balance modelling is a focal point of the thesis.</p><p>A mesocosm experiment was used to construct a model to estimate the nutrient load of phosphorus and nitrogen from net cage fish farming (i.e., the site scale). The model was used to estimate what feeding conditions that are required for a sustainable aquaculture scenario, i.e., a zero nutrient load situation (a linkage between the site scale and the regional scale). </p><p>A dynamic model was constructed for suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sedimentation in coastal areas (i.e., the local scale) with different morphometric characteristics and distances to the Sea. The results demonstrate that the conditions in the Sea (the regional and international scale) are of fundamental importance, also for the most enclosed coastal areas.</p><p>A foodweb model for lakes was transformed and recalibrated for Baltic Sea conditions (i.e., the international scale). The model also includes a mass balance model for phosphorus and accounts for key environmental factors that regulate the presuppositions for production and biomasses of key functional groups of organisms. The potential use of the new model for setting fish quotas of cod was examined.</p><p>For the intermittent (i.e., regional) scale, topographically complex areas can be difficult to define and model. Therefore, an attempt was made to construct a waterscape subbasin identification program (WASUBI). The method was tested for the Finnish Archipelago Sea and the Okavango Delta in Botswana. A comparison to results from a semi-random delineation method showed that more enclosed basins was created with the WASUBI method.</p>

This thesis presents models applicable for aquatic ecosystems. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) form an important part of the thesis. The dynamic mass balance models focus on nutrient fluxes, biotic/abiotic interactions and operate on different temporal and spatial scales (site, local, regional and international). The relevance and role of scale in mass balance modelling is a focal point of the thesis. A mesocosm experiment was used to construct a model to estimate the nutrient load of phosphorus and nitrogen from net cage fish farming (i.e., the site scale). The model was used to estimate what feeding conditions that are required for a sustainable aquaculture scenario, i.e., a zero nutrient load situation (a linkage between the site scale and the regional scale). A dynamic model was constructed for suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sedimentation in coastal areas (i.e., the local scale) with different morphometric characteristics and distances to the Sea. The results demonstrate that the conditions in the Sea (the regional and international scale) are of fundamental importance, also for the most enclosed coastal areas. A foodweb model for lakes was transformed and recalibrated for Baltic Sea conditions (i.e., the international scale). The model also includes a mass balance model for phosphorus and accounts for key environmental factors that regulate the presuppositions for production and biomasses of key functional groups of organisms. The potential use of the new model for setting fish quotas of cod was examined. For the intermittent (i.e., regional) scale, topographically complex areas can be difficult to define and model. Therefore, an attempt was made to construct a waterscape subbasin identification program (WASUBI). The method was tested for the Finnish Archipelago Sea and the Okavango Delta in Botswana. A comparison to results from a semi-random delineation method showed that more enclosed basins was created with the WASUBI method.

Denna uppsats handlar om den svenska Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetsmål som har satts upp för att främja jämställdheten och på sikt få in fler kvinnor i organisationen. Mer specifikt handlar uppsatsen om hur kvinnorna inom Försvarsmakten anser att dessa jämställdhetsmål efterlevs. Uppsatsen baserar sig på intervjuer med tre kvinnliga yrkesofficerare som får ge sin syn på livet i och runt det militära samt på försvarets jämställdhetsarbete och hur det påverkar dem. Resultaten jag kommer fram till i denna uppsats är att Försvarsmakten för dessa tre kvinnor är en bra arbetsplats för dem, oavsett deras individuella livssituationer, men att det fortfarande finns en hel del att jobba på vad gäller jämställdhetsmålen. / This thesis is about the Swedish armed forces and the equality goals which have been established to give equal opportunities between the sexes and to encourage more women to join the armed forces. More specifically this study is about the women of the armed forces and whether they believe that these equality goals have been achieved or not. The thesis is based on interviews with three female officers employed by the Swedish armed forces. They answered questions regarding their experiences of the equality goals and about their day to day life regarding their job as well as questions about their social life. The conclusion of this thesis is that the armed forces in general seem to be good employer regarding equality, regardless of the women’s individual lifestyles, but that there is still work to do regarding the equality between the sexes.

Den 1 juli 2013 meddelade Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen (HFD) beslut i ett mål gällande kvittningsrätten för kapitalvinster och kapitalförluster på delägarrätter. Frågan som be-handlades i målet var om aktiebolaget hade rätt att kvitta sina kapitalförluster mot kapital-vinsterna som uppkommit i den utländska delägarbeskattade juridiska personen. HFD beslutade att neka aktiebolaget möjligheten till kvittning på grund av att lagstöd saknades. Denna bedömning väcker frågor, då aktiebolag som väljer att placera delägarrätter i del-ägarbeskattade juridiska personer får en mindre utsträckt kvittningsrätt vid jämförelse om delägarrätterna hade placerats direkt i aktiebolaget. Vid närmare granskning av kvittnings-möjligheterna kan det konstateras att även kvittningsrätten för kapitalförluster (inte bara kapitalvinster) på delägarrätter i delägarbeskattade juridiska personer är begränsade, vid jämförelse om motsvarande kapitalförluster hade uppkommit direkt i aktiebolaget. Be-gränsningarna för kapitalförlusterna på delägarrätter i delägarbeskattade juridiska perso-ner innebär att kapitalförlusten ska kvoteras till 70 % innan kvittning kan ske, vilket inte är ett krav om kapitalförlusten hade uppkommit direkt i aktiebolaget. Vidare finns varken en sparanderegel eller en koncernkvittningsregel att tillgå i 48 kap. 27 § IL, vilket finns om kapitalförlusten hade uppkommit direkt i aktiebolaget enligt 48 kap. 26 § IL. Frågan som uppkommer är hur dessa begränsningar står i förhållande till den skatterätts-liga neutralitetsprincipen, där den skattskyldiges val ska styras i minsta möjliga utsträck-ning av skattesystemet. Avsteg från denna princip kan göras i syfte att motverka oönskad skatteplanering. Av en samlad bedömning anser skribenterna att samtliga begränsningar av kvittningsrätten för delägarrätter ägda via delägarbeskattade juridiska personer är oför-enliga med neutralitetsprincipen. Detta grundar skribenterna på att aktiebolag som väljer att placera delägarrätter via delägarbeskattade juridiska personer missgynnas ur ett skatte-mässigt perspektiv, vid jämförelse om delägarrätterna hade placerats direkt i aktiebolaget. iii En av de motiveringar som har anförts av lagstiftaren har varit att motverka oönskad skatteplanering. Denna motivering anser skribenterna inte vara hållbar för att rättfärdiga dessa begränsningar. Reglerna borde därmed ändras så att kvittningsmöjligheten på delä-garrätter ägda via delägarbeskattade juridiska personer blir lika omfattande som om delä-garrätterna hade ägts direkt av aktiebolaget. Den framtida existensen av kvittningsrätten på delägarrätter har diskuterats av lagstiftaren och det återstår att se ifall den kommer att avskaffas eller inte. / July 1, 2013, the Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) announced a decision in a case concerning the right to set off of capital gains and losses on securities. The question that was raised in the case was whether the Swedish company had the right to set off their capital losses against capital gains arisen in the foreign part-owner taxable legal person. SAC decided to deny the company the right to set off due to lack of legal support. This decision raises questions, because companies that chooses to place securities in part-owner taxable legal persons gets less extended rights to set off, in comparison to if the securities had been placed directly in the Swedish company. By a closer examination of the possibilities to set off, it can be concluded that the right to set off of capital losses (not just capital gains) on securities in part-owner taxable legal persons are limited, in comparison to if the corresponding capital losses incurred directly in the Swedish com-pany. The limitations of capital losses on securities in part-owner taxable legal persons means that the capital losses should be subject to a quota of 70 % before set off can occur, which is not a requirement when capital losses incurred directly in the Swedish company. Furthermore, there is neither a carry forward rule nor an intra-group set off rule in Chap-ter 48. 27 § Swedish Income Tax Act (SITA), which exists if the capital losses incurred directly in the company according to Chapter 48. 26 § SITA. The question that arises is how these limitations stand in relation to the principle of neutrality where the taxpayer's choices should be controlled as little as possible by the legal tax system. Derogations from this principle can be made in order to coun-teract undesirable tax planning. By an overall assessment the writers consider that all limitations to set off of secu-rities owned via part-owner taxable legal persons are incompatible with the principle v of neutrality. The reason for this opinion is that a company who chooses to place securities via part-owner taxable legal persons is affected adversely from a tax per-spective in comparison to if the securities were owned directly by the Swedish com-pany itself. According to the writers, there is no sustainable justification for these limitations. The rules should therefore be amended so that the set off possibilities on securities owned via part-owner taxable legal persons should be as extensive as if the securities were owned directly by the Swedish company. The future existence of the set-off right on securities has been discussed by the legislature and the future will tell if it will be abolished or not.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubeni Pereira de Queiroz.pdf: 1242273 bytes, checksum: 5f1797ad5832eedfef73b1c3740f1f10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-27 / The present study it is of exploratory nature with qualitative boarding arrived in port in an empirical research, consisting of interviews and significant documentary registers. The light in the dialectic method, was looked to guide the inquiry from the philosophical categories, essence and appearance, done by the law of the contradiction. The theme of study covers the configuration of the historical process of social and cultural exclusion of black Brazilian higher education. The problem is the search around for reflections on new strategies of access to higher education, through the policy of quotas, specifically for the black students . Intend question and analyse the main meanings of a legal process and academic inconclusive, under one of the institutions members of the State System of Higher Education in Goiás: the UEG, by the fact be in the single IES to deploy until now, the achievement of a legal right. Bi-to reconstruct the trajectory of the construction of Law No. 14.832, July 12, 2004 / Goias, their journeys, their problems, their deployment. With the deployment of Law, democratizing up access for blacks in higher education in Goias, leaving them, however, without the Program of Support and Monitoring. Consequently without the financial resources so these social agents could succeed in its path university, it is concluded that, in practice, have not been consolidated effective ways for the exercise and enjoyment of rights established by Law This fact can be observed by the absence of public interventions with the IES belonging the system. The standard is inert, the implementation of the Quota Law in higher education in Goias gave up in a limited way. / O presente estudo é de natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa aportada em uma pesquisa empírica, constituída por entrevistas e significativos registros documentais. À luz do método dialético, procurou-se orientar a investigação a partir das categorias filosóficas, essência e aparência, mediatizadas pela lei da contradição. A temática de estudo abarca a configuração do processo histórico de exclusão social e cultural do negro brasileiro no ensino superior. O problema de pesquisa volta-se para as reflexões sobre novas estratégias de acesso à educação superior, por intermédio da política de cotas, especificamente às destinadas aos estudantes negros. Pretendeu-se problematizar e analisar as principais significações de um processo legal e acadêmico inconcluso, no âmbito de uma das instituições integrantes do Sistema Estadual de Educação Superior em Goiás: a UEG, pelo fato de constituir-se na única IES a implantar, até o momento, a conquista legal de um direito. Pretendeu-se reconstruir a trajetória da construção da Lei nº 14.832, de 12 de julho de 2004 / Goiás, seus percursos, seus problemas, sua implantação. Com a da implantação da Lei, democratizou- se o acesso para negros na educação superior em Goiás, deixando-os, contudo, sem o Programa de Apoio e Acompanhamento. Conseqüentemente sem os recursos financeiros, para que esses agentes sociais pudessem ter êxito em sua caminhada universitária, conclui-se que, na prática, não foram consolidadas formas efetivas para o exercício e gozo de direitos estabelecidos por Lei. Tal fato pode ser observado pela ausência de intervenções públicas junto as IES jurisdicionadas ao Sistema. Com o engessamento da norma, a implantação da Lei das Cotas na educação superior em Goiás deu-se de forma limitada.

Cette thèse se concentre sur le lien entre la politique sur le changement climatique, le commerce international et la compétitivité pour les industries exposées au commerce à forte intensité énergétique (EITE). En particulier, elle explore la question: la politique climatique peut-elle être conçue de telle sorte que les décideurs politiques puissent dissiper l'inquiétude que toute tentative sérieuse de décarbonation des secteurs EITE conduise à des résultats pervers de délocalisation de la production et des émissions EITE (les « fuites de carbone »)? La thèse aborde cette question en s'appuyant notamment sur les dix années d'expérience de l'UE en matière de tarification du carbone en tant qu'instrument dominant de décarbonation des secteurs EITEs. Ceci est fait en deux étapes. Premièrement, en évaluant empiriquement les solutions politiques existantes de l'UE et en se demandant si les politiques répondent finalement aux critères fondamentaux d'efficacité environnementale, d'efficacité économique et de cohérence des politiques par rapport aux objectifs à long terme de l'atténuation climatique de l'UE. Un certain nombre de lacunes et d'incohérences importantes dans les politiques sont identifiées de cette manière, elles-mêmes intéressantes et pertinentes par rapport aux paramètres politiques actuels. Deuxièmement, cette thèse prend du recul et remet en cause l'idée que le cadre politique global de l'UE- en particulier le rôle dominant du marché du carbone EU ETS - est suffisant pour décarboner ces secteurs à plus long terme. / This thesis focuses on the nexus between climate change policy, international trade and competitiveness for energy-intensive trade-exposed industries (EITEs). In particular, it explores the question: Can climate policy be designed such that policy makers can do away with the concern that any serious attempt to decarbonise EITE sectors will lead to perverse results of offshoring of EITE production and emissions – a phenomenon known as “carbon leakage”? The thesis approaches this question by drawingin particular on the 10 years of experience of the EU with carbon pricing as the dominant tool for decarbonising EITE sectors. This is done in two steps. Firstly, by empirically evaluating existing EU policy solutions and asking whether the policies ultimately meet basic criteria for environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency, and policy coherence with respect to the long-term goals of EU climate mitigation. A number of important policy gaps and incoherencies are identified in this way that are of themselves interesting and of relevant to current policy settings. Secondly, this thesis takes a step back and questions and ultimately challenges the idea that the overarching policy framework of the EU– in particular the dominant role of the EU ETS carbon market – is sufficient for decarbonising these sectors in the longer term.