Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-05T18:36:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRLB.pdf: 750345 bytes, checksum: 8758385a2cece755b191123824e553dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:23:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRLB.pdf: 750345 bytes, checksum: 8758385a2cece755b191123824e553dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-20T19:23:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRLB.pdf: 750345 bytes, checksum: 8758385a2cece755b191123824e553dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T19:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRLB.pdf: 750345 bytes, checksum: 8758385a2cece755b191123824e553dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / This thesis will cover the government change in the emphasis of the social policies, regarding the overcoming of the sociopolitical conflict, dislocated to its management and control. Using as empirical site of analysis the interactions that processes during the routine of the Campo Limpo CRAS unity, located at the city of São Paulo, and through an ethnographic field research, this work will seek more than a institutional shape, but evidence the day-by-day practical activities of the Brazilian Social Assistance Policy from the contact of the implementer technicians and its users. This writing aim to study the conception of the Brazilian Social Assistance Policy and how it operates in practical senses at the CRAS unity of Campo Limpo at its basic level, from the articulation and handling the notion of social vulnerability by its operators and which effects raise up from it. Also, this study researches the processes that the order is being disputed, the space that is being rebuilded and the National State that is reproducing its categories of legitimacy at the urban peripheries. / Esta dissertação trata da mudança de ênfase das politicas sociais, no que toca a possibilidade de superação do conflito sócio-político, deslocada para sua gestão e controle. Tendo como universo empírico de análise as interações que se processam nas rotinas de atendimento da unidade do CRAS Campo Limpo, localizado na cidade de São Paulo/SP, este trabalho, a partir de uma pesquisa de campo de caráter etnográfico, mais que o delineamento institucional, busca colocar em evidência a prática cotidiana da Política Nacional de Assistência Social, a partir do contato com os técnicos implementadores e usuários. Procura, por um lado, analisar a concepção da Política Nacional de Assistência Social e como esta política se operacionaliza na prática, em seu nível básico, na Unidade do CRAS Campo Limpo, a partir da articulação e manejo do discurso da vulnerabilidade social por seus operadores e quais efeitos derivam daí. Por outro, busca analisar os processos por meio dos quais a ordem está sendo disputada, o espaço está sendo reconstruído e o Estado está reproduzindo suas categorias de legitimidade nas periferias urbanas.

Introdução: a situação de risco ou vulnerabilidade social pode afetar importantes aspectos do desenvolvimento de crianças e programas de intervenção são imporantes para promover o desenvolvimento de crianças nessa situação. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: investigar o desempenho em habilidades motoras fundamentais (HMF), o estado nutricional, a auto percepção de competência (PC) e o desempenho escolar (DE) de crianças em vulnerabilidade social de acordo com: (1) sexo (2) com a idade; (3) verificar o impacto de uma intervenção com o clima de motivação para a maestria nesssas variáveis e (4) verificar como as associações entre o desempenho motor e escolar, o estado nutricional, a auto percepção de competência, o sexo e a idade nessas crianças se estabelecem a priori e como um programa de intervenção com o clima de motivação para a maestria pode promover alterações nas relações entre essas variáveis. Método: participaram deste estudo 211 crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social, de ambos os sexos (87 meninas, 41%), com idade entre sete e 10 anos (M=8.3, DP=0.9) provenientes de escolas públicas do Ceará, Brasil. O Test of Gross Motor Development – 2 foi empregado para verificar o desempenho em HMF das crianças. O estado nutricional foi analisado por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para idade. A “Self-Perception Profile for Children" foi utilizada para avaliar a PC. O desempenho de leitura, escrita e aritmética foi avaliado por meio do Teste de Desempenho Escolar. No estudo interventivo, 117 crianças compuseram o grupo de intervenção (IG), 45 meninas, 38,5%) e 94 o grupo de comparação (CG), 65 meninas, 55,6%). A intervenção foi realizada em 36 sessões / 140 minutos cada sessão (60 minutos de atividades acadêmicas, 20 minutos de descanso e lanche e 60 minutos de práticas motoras), três vezes por semana durante 12 semanas A intervenção foi implementada o clima de motivação para a maestria. Resultados: análises multivariadas de covariância (MANCOVA) ajustadas pela idade não mostraram efeito significativo do sexo nas habilidades locomotoras (=0.945 F(6,203)=1.963 p=0.073 ²=0.055). Houve efeito do sexo nas habilidades de controle de objetos (=0.848 F(6,203)=6.052 p<0.001 ²=0.152); sendo observado desempenho superior dos meninos no rebater, no chutar, no arremesso por cima e no rolar. Análises de coraviância não paramétrica de Quade não mostraram diferenças no IMC bruto entre os sexos. A maioria das crianças apresentou peso saúdável (90.8%, meninas e 91.9% meninos). A MANCOVA não mostrou efeito do sexo sobre as dimensões da PC (=0.991 F(6,203)=2.508 p=0.931 ²=0.009). A maioria das crianças reportou percepção moderada. Não houve efeito do sexo no DE (=0.980 F(4,203)=1.058 p=0.378 ²=0.020). Em ambos os sexos, os resultados indicaram desempenho categorizado como inferior (entre 65.3% e 93.5% das crianças). A análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA) mostrou efeito da idade no salto horizontal (entre 9 e 10 anos), na corrida lateral (7 em relação as outras idades), no receber (7 e 10 anos) e no rolar (7 anos em relação a 8 e 10 anos). A maioria das crianças mostrou proficiência pobre. Houve diferenças significativas no IMC na maioria das idades. A MANOVA mostrou efeito da idade no desempenho escolar (DE) com as crianças de 7 demonstrando menor desempenho na escrita comparadas as de 9 e 10 anos. Na aritmética, na leitura e no desempenho escolar geral as crianças de sete anos mostraram menor desempenho em relação as outras idades. Não houve diferenças entre as idades de 8, 9 e 10 anos no DE. A MANOVA não mostrou efeito da idade na PC As crianças reportaram auto percepção moderada. Um percentual elevado de crianças mais jovens mostrou baixo peso para idade. Em todas as idades, a maioria das crianças mostrou desempenho inferior. Sobre o programa de intervenção com o clima de motivação para a maestria, houve impacto significativo no desempenho motor e escolar das crianças. Os resultados não mostram impacto do programa sobre a percepção de conduta comportamental nas crianças mais velha e sobre a autopercepção de aparência física das crianças em geral. Houve aumento significativo e com moderados a altos tamanhos de efeito nas outras dimensões da autopercepção de competência e no autovalor global das crianças. A estrutura das relações entre a maioria das variáveis mostrou similaridade entre o pré e pós intervenção. Mudanças no papel que algumas variáveis exerciam na estrutura das relações também foram observadas. Após o programa de intervenção com o clima de motivação para a maestria. As crianças aumentaram suas competências e as suas percepções e ao final da intervenção, dentre todas as variáveis, as percepções sobre a própria aparência física, sobre a aceitação social e sobre a conduta comportamental passaram a ter um papel mais central na rede. Conclusão: meninos e meninas em vulnerabilidade social mostraram desempenho pobre na maioria das habilidades motoras, auto percepção de competências moderada e desempenho escolar pobre. Os resultados ainda sugerem uma estabilização no desempenho de HMF, na PC, atrasos no DE além de alta prevalência de baixo peso nas crianças mais jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social A intervenção com o clima de motivação para a maestria repercuteu positivamente no desempenho motor e acadêmico e nas auto percepções da competência das crianças que vivem a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, reforçando o papel das intervenções que ajudam as crianças a se tornarem mais precisas e a percepção das próprias competências nos diferentes domínios do comportamento humano. o clima de motivação para a maestria causou impacto positivo sobre a maioria das variáveis investigadas reforçando a implementação de estratégias motivacionais efetivas e práticas apropriadas que permitem à criança experiências que respeitem seus recursos e restrições físicas e gerem satisfação, autonomia e motivação para realização. Ainda, no presente estudo, uma vez que as crianças aumentaram suas habilidades e suas percepções de competência talvez elas passaram a ter mais necessidade de utilizar as informações oriundas de parâmetros externos para manterem reforçando positivamente os julgamentos sobre a própria competência. / Introduction: The risk situation or social vulnerability can affect important aspects of child development and intervention programs are important to promote the development of children in this situation. The objectives of this study were: to investigate the performance in fundamental motor skills (HMF), nutritional status, self-perception of competence (CP) and school performance (SD) of children in social vulnerability according to: 1) gender; 2) with age; (3) to verify the impact of an intervention with the climate of motivation for mastery of these variables, and (4) to verify how the associations between motor performance and schooling, nutritional status, self-perception of competence, sex and age in these Children are established a priori and as an intervention program with the mood of mastery motivation can promote changes in the relationships between these variables. Method: 211 children in socially vulnerable situations (87 girls, 41%), aged seven to 10 years old (M = 8.3, SD = 0.9) from public schools in Ceará, Brazil participated in this study. The Test of Gross Motor Development - 2 was used to verify the performance in HMF of the children. The nutritional status was analyzed by means of the body mass index (BMI) for age. The performance of reading, writing and arithmetic was assessed by means of the School Performance Test. In the intervention study, 117 children comprised the intervention group (GI), 45 Girls, 38.5%) and 94 the comparison group (CG), 65 girls, 55.6%) The intervention was performed in 36 sessions / 140 minutes each session (60 minutes of academic activities, 20 minutes of rest and Snack and 60 minutes of motor skills), three times a week for 12 weeks, and the motivation climate for mastery was implemented. Results: multivariate analyzes of covariance (MANCOVA) adjusted for age did not show significant effect of gender on locomotor skills ( = 0.945 F (6.203) = 1.963 p = 0.073 ² = 0.055). There was gender effect on the control abilities of objects ( = 0.848 F (6.203) = 6.052 p <0.001 ² = 0.152); Being observed superior performance of the boys in the rebater, in the kick, in the throw over and in the roll. Quade's non-parametric analysis showed no difference in gross BMI between the sexes. The majority of the children presented healthy weight (90.8%, girls and 91.9% boys). MANCOVA did not show sex effect on PC dimensions ( = 0.991 F (6.203) = 2.508 p = 0.931 ² = 0.009). Most children reported moderate perception. There was no effect of sex on ED ( = 0.980 F (4.203) = 1.058 p = 0.378 ² = 0.020). In both sexes, the results indicated performance categorized as inferior (between 65.3% and 93.5% of the children) The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed the effect of age on the horizontal jump (between 9 and 10 years), on lateral running (7 in relation to other ages), on receiving (7 and 10 years) and on rolling (7 years in To 8 and 10 years). Most children showed poor proficiency. There were significant differences in BMI at most ages. MANOVA showed an effect of age on school performance (SD) with the children of 7 demonstrating a lower performance in writing compared to 9 and 10 years. In arithmetic, reading, and overall school performance, seven-year-olds showed lower performance than other ages. There were no differences between the ages of 8, 9 and 10 years in ED. MANOVA showed no effect of age on CP. The children reported moderate self-perception. A high percentage of younger children showed low weight for age. In all ages, most children showed inferior performance. Regarding the intervention program with the climate of motivation for mastery, there was a significant impact on children's motor and school performance. The results do not show the program's impact on the perception of behavioral behavior in older children and on the self-perception of the physical appearance of the children in general. There was a significant increase and with moderate to high effect sizes in the other dimensions of self-rated competence and the overall self-worth of children The structure of the relationships between the majority of the variables showed similarity between the pre and post intervention. Changes in the role played by some variables in the structure of relationships were also observed. After the intervention program with the mood of motivation for mastery. Children increased their skills and perceptions and at the end of the intervention, among all variables, perceptions about one's physical appearance, social acceptance and behavioral behavior began to play a more central role in the network. Conclusion: boys and girls in social vulnerability showed poor performance in most motor skills, self-perception of moderate skills and poor school performance. The results also suggest a stabilization in the performance of HMF, PC, delays in ED in addition to high prevalence of underweight in younger children in situations of social vulnerability. Intervention with the motivation climate for mastery had a positive impact on motor and academic performance and self-perceptions of the competence of children living with socioeconomic vulnerability, reinforcing the role of interventions that help children become more precise and the perception of their own Competence in the different domains of human behavior. The motivation climate for mastery has had a positive impact on most of the investigated variables, reinforcing the implementation of effective motivational strategies and appropriate practices that allow the child experiences that respect their resources and physical constraints and generate satisfaction, autonomy and motivation for achievement. Also, in the present study, since children have increased their abilities and perceptions of competence, they may have become more in need of using information from external parameters in order to positively reinforce the judgments about their own competence.

A cidade de Ouro Preto registra diversas ocorrências de movimentos de massa em seu distrito sede e apresenta quantidade considerável de bairros localizados em áreas de risco. A atração exercida pela indústria mineradora e, mais recentemente, pela atividade turística e educacional, resultou no direcionamento e na intensificação da expansão urbana para as áreas onde se recomenda a não construção. Tais atividades, em conjunto, contribuem para a saturação da ocupação nos terrenos estáveis, os quais são alvos de intensa valorização, principalmente quando localizados na zona de proteção especial, dificultando sobremaneira o acesso à moradia pelos grupos menos favorecidos. A espacialização dos riscos resulta da atuação histórica e degradante dos sujeitos sociais sobre elementos físicos predisponentes e traduz escolhas políticas relativas ao planejamento e à gestão do território urbano. A abordagem geográfica do risco consiste na análise de sua tradução espacial, ou seja, na compreensão da sua localização, na sua caracterização, nas suas causas e nas consequências, atentando-se para a relação entre a sociedade e a natureza. Assim, objetivamos, nesta dissertação, analisar, sob a perspectiva da construção social do risco, o processo de formação das áreas de risco suscetíveis à ocorrência de movimentos de massa no distrito sede de Ouro Preto, por meio da articulação entre condições do meio físico, sujeitos sociais e práticas de gestão. Para tanto, fez-se necessário o resgate do processo de ocupação no município de Ouro Preto e a análise da relação entre as condições naturais, a degradação ambiental, a valorização do espaço e as práticas de gestão na formação e intensificação dos riscos. Por fim, verificamos as condições de habitabilidade e os impactos socioambientais encontrados nas áreas mais problemáticas, por meio de trabalhos de campo em bairros selecionados / The city of Ouro Preto records various incidents of soil movement at the headquarters district and has a substantial quantity of territories localized at risk areas. The attraction exerted by mining industry and mostly recent touristic and educational activities resulted in intensification of urban expansion towards area not recommended for occupation. These aggregated activities contribute to saturate the occupation in the stable land, which are object of intense appreciation, mainly when situated in special protection zones, complicating the access to housing by disadvantaged groups. The spatial distribution of risks results of historical and degrading action of social subjects on predisposing physical elements and construe political choices related to management and planning of urban territories.The geographical approach of risk consists in its spatial analysis perceiving location, characterization, causes and consequences being observant to the relation between society and nature. Thereby, this dissertation objective is in the perspective of social risks construction to analyze the risk areas formation susceptible to soil movement at the Ouro Preto headquarters district by the articulation between physical environment, social subjects and management practices. To achieve this dissertation purposes was necessary the study of occupation process in Ouro Preto and the relationship analysis between natural conditions, environment degradation, spatial appreciation and management practices to the formation and intensification of risks. Finally, it is verified the habitability conditions and social environmental impacts found at risk areas by fieldwork

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an urgent public health issue in Mexico. Mexico has witnessed a 122% increase in reported prevalence of HIV since 2001 (Holtz et al., 2014). Country estimates suggest there are between 140,000-230,000 individuals living with HIV in Mexico (CENSIDA, 2014). While approximately 50% of individuals living with HIV in Mexico are unaware that they are living with the virus (CENSIDA, 2014). Despite a federal universal HIV program implemented in 2011, HIV in Mexico has not reached a chronic infectious disease status as seen in other regions of the globe (Deeks, 2013). The mortality rate among individuals with HIV/AIDS in Mexico is 4.2 per 100,000 (CENSIDA, 2014). There is a paucity of findings regarding social and epidemiological data focused on populations outside traditional at risk populations of HIV in Mexico (Martin-Onraët et al., 2016). Analyzing aggregate country level data for Mexico provides necessary insights to better understanding previously unconsidered social factors that are informing sexual and reproductive health trends influencing HIV health patterns. Methods: Secondary analyses were performed on Mexico's Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (ENSANUT). Mexico’s ENSANUT is a probabilistic aggregate national dataset with a multistage stratified cluster sampling design (Janssen et al., 2013). ENSANUT is Mexico’s equivalent to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States. Data is collected via self-report interviews conducted at the participant's home. A structured questionnaire was administered to individuals 20 years of age and older (≥ 20) where sexual and reproductive data was collected from participants. The ENSANUT adult study sub-sample (n=46,227) is comprised of 42.75% men and 57.25% women. A general linear model (GLM), principal component analysis (PCA), chi-squares (χ²), and logistic regressions were applied to the study adult subsample to disentangle social factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the population. Quantitative analyses were conducted on SAS 9.4. Findings: Men were more likely to have a STI diagnosis (OR=3.60; 95% CI 3.00, 4.32, p=<0.001). Previous HIV testing was found to be protective for STI diagnosis across both genders (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.72, 0.94, p=<0.001). Co-infections of HIV/gonorrhea and HIV/syphilis (n=20) were the highest in the study population. The latent variable model indicates mental health and access to health care resources are critical for positive sexual and reproductive health outcomes in Mexico. Mental health was found to be non-protective for STI risk among the study population (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.41, 1.81, p=<0.0001). Policy recommendations: 1. Increased access and utilization of HIV resources and mental health services would benefit the study population. Further qualitative research is needed to better understand the barriers to health care access and utilization in these two domains; 2. Increase in preventative programs and health initiatives that encourage established strategies for positive sexual and reproductive health outcomes. These strategies include: universal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, wide availability of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and routine HIV/STI screenings; 3. Alternative data collection strategies for ENSANUT which are culturally appropriate for sexual and reproductive health constructs.

Bitcoin was established as an independent digital currency. Today, Bitcoin is the largest cryptocurrency and the currency has had an exponential growth in development and usage. Today’s standing point regarding this revolutionary currency in society is therefore interesting to investigate in relation to the traditional fiat currency. To determine whether Bitcoin is a comparable means of payment in relation to already established fiat currencies, it is important to look at different factors. The factors considered in the study are relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability and the perceived risk. The study shows that relative advantage, observability and the perceived risk are factors that statistically influenced the attitude to adopt Bitcoin as a means of payment. Relative advantage and observability proved to have a positive effect on Bitcoin. The perceived risk gave rise to individuals not being willing to accept Bitcoin as a means of payment. The qualitative data has given the study reasons to believe that all factors can influence the attitude to adopting Bitcoin as a means of payment.

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1. Svarbiausi rizikos šeimų kriterijai yra: nedarnios, asocialios, nepilnos šeimos, kuriuose nesugebama tinkamai spręsti susidariusias problemas, rūpintis vaikais, keisti gyvenimo būdą. Dažniausiai tokiuose šeimose poreikių tenkinimas vyksta socialiai nepriimtinais būdais. Socialinės rizikos šeimų atsiradimo priežastys: nestabili ekonominė padėtis Lietuvoje, skurdas, nedarbas, priklausomybė alkoholiui, narkotinėms medžiagoms, vaikų nepriežiūra, socialinių įgūdžių stoka, auklėjimo ypatumai šeimoje, konfliktai šeimoje, visuomenės informavimo priemonių poveikis, vertybių sistemos ypatumai. 2. Vilniaus miesto socialinės paramos centras vykdo šias svarbiausias veiklas: teikia kokybiškas socialines paslaugas ir išmokas Vilniaus miesto gyventojams, kurie negali savarankiškai rūpintis savo asmeniniu (šeimos) gyvenimu ir kuriems būtina pagalba, tenkinant jų būtinuosius poreikius bei sprendžiant socialines problemas. 3. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad: • Vilniaus miesto socialinės paramos centro socialiniai darbuotojai, dirbdami su socialinės rizikos šeimomis, nėra pajėgūs nusistatyti darbo prioritetų – apsiriboja buitinių sąlygų tikrinimu, neatkreipdami dėmesio į kitas esmines šeimų, atsidūrusių krizėje, problemas. • socialinių darbuotojų bendradarbiavimas su kitomis institucijomis, teikiant pagalbą socialinės rizikos šeimoms, vyksta nuolat. • dažniausiai socialiniai darbuotojai bendradarbiauja su Vaiko teisių apsaugos skyriaus vyriausiuoju inspektoriumi, su nepilnamečių reikalų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of social risk families is actual to many countries of the world, especially those which experience still essential social changes. Family is the most important in your life. It is important for your children, our parents and grand parents. It is important due to the fact that it is the foundation of the economy and our civilization. Urgent help is needed by social risk families and there are many of them in Lithuania. For social workers involved in the work with social risk families one of the most important highlights is the co-operation with other institutions. For the research of the co-operation a goal was set – to find out problems in co-operation between social workers working with social risk families and Children‘s Rights Protection Unit (further VTAS). Work tasks: • To analyze scientific literature and legal documents regulating children‘s rights and their protection in social risk families; • on the basis of scientific and methodological literature to define main criteria of social risk families and identify the roots of their appearance; • to disclose the activities of Vilnius social care center and the organization and execution of the help provided to social risk families; • to provide a list of social workers working with social risk families in order to evaluate the co-operation of social workers with other institutions in providing help to social risk families. Methods of work: • Theoretical: analysis of pedagogical and... [to full text]

Bakalauro darbe tiriamas rizikos grupės paauglių požiūris į dienos centre teikiamas socioedukacines paslaugas. Rizikos grupės paauglių užimtumo problema išlieka viena svarbiausių. Paauglių užimtumo stoka turi ryškios įtakos nusikalstamumui. Rizikos grupės paaugliai auga neturtingose šeimose, yra mažai kontroliuojami, jie neturi turiningo užimtumo ir didelę laiko dalį praleidžia delinkventiniu elgesiu pasižyminčių draugų kompanijose. Nesudarant tinkamų sąlygų paauglio laisvalaikio leidimui ir papildomam ugdymui, sutrinka asmenybės vystymasis ir vidinė darna. Buvo atliekamas kokybinis tyrimas, kokybinio tyrimo respondentais pasirinkti 8 paaugliai, noriai lankantys „Vilties šviesa“ vaikų dienos centrą Biržuose, siekiant išsiaiškinti socialinės rizikos paauglių požiūrį į dienos centre teikiamas socioedukacines paslaugas. Tyrime dalyvavo 3 berniukai ir 5 mergaitės. Jų amžius nuo 12 iki 14 metų. Kokybiniu tyrimu nustatyta, kad dienos centre teikiamos socioedukacinės paslaugos socialinės rizikos paaugliams patenkina jų poreikius. Jie gali žaisti, vykti į išvykas, naudotis internetu, turiningai leisti laisvalaikį, paruošti namų darbus. Patenkinami jų socialiniai poreikiai: jiems organizuojamas maitinimas, jie gali išsimaudyti ir išsiskalbti drabužius. Pastebėti pokyčiai, pradėjus lankyti dienos centrą: respondentai pradėjo pasitikėti savimi ir aplinkiniais, išmoko bendrauti, padidėjo jų socialinis atsparumas, pagerėjo santykiai šeimoje. Pastebėta, kad pagerėjo jų elgesys ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In bachelor work was studied a risk adolescents attitude to socioeducational facilities, given to them in day care centre. Employment of risk group teen’s – one of the most important problems. The lack of teen’s employment, have strong impact on crime. Risk group adolescents are growing in poor families, there is a lack of control, they do not have eventful employment, they most of the time spent with friends, who have delinquent behavior. Without the adequate facilities for the adolescent's leisure time and additional education, the development of personality and internal consistency is disordered. Accomplished the qualitative study, survey respondents – eight teenagers, willingly attending day care center “Vilties šviesa” in Biržai. The objective was to examine attitudes of adolescents to the day care center socioeducational facilities. The study included 3 boys and 5 girls. Their age – from 12 to 14. The analysis of data of gualitative research discovered, that socioeducational facilities, given by adolescents at social risk, satisfies their needs. They may play, they can go sigtseeing, can use the Internet, they can purposefully spend their leisure time, prepare their homework.Their social needs are met: is organized feeding for them, they can take a shower and wash the clothes. The observed changes, after attending Day Care Centre: increased respondents' self-esteem and confidence, improved communication, increased their social resistance, relationships in their... [to full text]

Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas socialinės apsaugos priemonių nedarbo rizikos atveju taikymas. Atskleidžiama nedarbo, kaip socialinės rizikos, samprata ir neigiama įtaka valstybės ekonominei raidai ir gerovei. Apžvelgiamas valstybės garantuojamos socialinės apsaugos nedarbo atveju teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvos Respublikos ir tarptautiniuose teisės aktuose. Aptariami šio instituto teisinio reglamentavimo trūkumai. Darbe analizuojama ne tik Lietuvos, bet ir užsienio valstybių patirtis taikant socialinės apsaugos priemones nedarbo rizikos atveju. Remiantis Statistikos depatamento pateiktais 2010-2011 metų Lietuvos gyventojų emigracijos duomenimis, tyrimo objektu pasirinktos Didžiosios Britanijos, Airijos ir Norvegijos valstybių socialinės apsaugos sistemos, kadangi šių šalių teikiamos garantijos ypač aktualios ten gyvenantiems ir dirbantiems Lietuvos piliečiams. Išsamiai apžvelgiamos Lietuvos ir minėtų užsienio valstybių teikiamos aktyvios ir pasyvios socialinės apsaugos priemonės nedarbo rizikos atveju, analizuojamas jų turinys, apimtis, efektyvumas, trūkumai, apžvelgiami naujausi priimtų teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių socialinę apsaugą nedarbo atveju, pakeitimai, juos įtakojusios aplinkybės. Atsižvelgiant į šių ekonomiškai stiprių užsienio valstybių patirtį taikant socialinės apsaugos priemones, pateikiami pasiūlymai dėl Lietuvos socialinės apsaugos sistemos tobulinimo. / This paper analyses application of social protection measures in relation to risk of unemployment. Conception of unemployment as of a social risk is exposed together with its negative effect on economic development and welfare of the state. Legal regulation of the state guaranteed social protection in case of unemployment provided for in legislative acts of the Republic of Lithuania and international legislative acts is reviewed. Drawbacks of legal regulation of this institute are discussed. The paper analyses not only Lithuanian experience, but also experience of foreign countries in applying social protection measures in relation to risk of unemployment. Invoking the data provided by the Statistics Lithuania on emigration of Lithuanian residents over years 2010-2011, social security systems of Great Britain, Ireland and Norway were chosen for survey, because social guarantees provided by those countries are especially relevant to Lithuanian citizens who work or reside there. Thorough review of active and passive social security measures in relation to risk of unemployment provided by Lithuania and the aforementioned countries is made, analyzing its content, amount, effectiveness, drawbacks; new amendments of adopted legislative acts, regulating social security in case of unemployment are reviewed together with circumstances that conditioned the amendments. Considering the experience of these economically strong foreign counties in application of social protection measures... [to full text]

Tyrimo problema- praradę gebėjimą socializuotis, prisitaikyti visuomenėje, socialinės rizikos šeimų tėvai nesugeba patenkinti būtiniausių vaikų poreikių, neįstengia perduoti vaikams visuomenėje priimtų elgesio normų ir taisyklių. Tyrimo prielaida- socialinės rizikos šeimose augantys vaikai stokoja mokymosi motyvacijos, prisitinga pasitikėjimo savimi ir ryžto siekti tikslų, nes tėvų turimų gebėjimų nepakanka formuojant sąmoningą vaiko asmenybę. Tyrimo objektas- socialinės rizikos šeimų tėvų gebėjimai, kurie padėtų vaikams ugdytis.Tyrimo tikslas- nustatyti ryšį tarp tėvų turimų gebėjimų ir vaikų mokslo pasiekimų bei prisitaikymo mokyklos bendruomenėje. Pagrindiniai tyrimo uždaviniai- išanalizavus literatūrą, apžvelgti socialinės rizikos šeimų socialines ir psichologines problemas; apibūdinti tėvų gebėjimus, kurie turi įtakos vaikų mokymosi motyvacijai; išsiaiškinti, kokių tėvų gebėjimų stoka slopina vaikų pasitikėjimą savimi, sprendžiant iškylančias mokymosi problemas. Atlikto tyrimo duomenys leidžia daryti išvadą, kad neigiamą poveikį vaikų mokymosi motyvacijai turi socialinės rizikos šeimų tėvų abejingas požiūris į išsilavinimą, nesugebėjimas konkuruoti. Artimiausioje aplinkoje- šeimoje- susiformavęs nesugebėjimas bendrauti ir užmegzti socialinių ryšių neskatina pažinti jausmų ir jų valdyti, spręsti konfliktus konstruktyviai. Tai didina socialinę atskirtį mokykloje, kuri iššaukia negatyvų vaikų nusiteikimą mokymosi atžvilgiu, vengimą lankyti mokyklą. Taip pat galima daryti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The statement of the research paper: parents, who have lost the ability to socialize, to adapt in society, social risk families, fail to meet the minimum needs of the children, so the children are unable to communicate socially acceptable standards of conduct and rules. The study of social presumption: children, who are raised in families at social risk, have a lack of the learning motivation, self-confidence and resolve to achieve goals as parents do not have enough capacity to shape the child's conscious personality. The study object: The parenting skills for children’s developed learning stimulation in families at social risk. The aim of the research paper is to establish a connection between parents' skills and children's academic achievement and adaptation in the school community. The main objectives of the study is the review of social and psychological problems in families of social risk according to the analysis of the literature; to describe the capacity of parents to influence children's learning motivation; to find out what kind of lack of parents capacity suppresses the children's self-confidence by dealing the rising learning problems. The survey data suggest that the negative impact on children's learning motivation to disadvantaged families’ parents’ indifferent approach to education, an inability to compete Parents in families at social risk have indifferent attitude to education and inability to compete which one has a negative impact on children's... [to full text]