The transformation from an industrial to a knowledge society is changing values and traditional work structures. The digitalization of the working environment has fundamentally affected the requirements and needs of employees and, therefore, the way work processes are designed in companies. New Work describes this comprehensive structural transformation of our working world. A central aspect of the concept is communication with digital media in today’s global society and digital age. Digital communication is ubiquitous and a central success factor for companies. Its ubiquity affects the organization of work processes significantly. ... [Aus: Introduction]

Cette thèse est composée de trois essais empiriques issus d’une enquête ethnographique conduite dans une entreprise innovante en Inde, et étudie les processus permettant l'innovation durable. Cette recherche aborde le rôle du jeu dans les processus de travail innovant, ainsi que le rôle de l'identité organisationnelle comme une réponse de l'organisation aux menaces extérieures. Cette thèse montre comment le jeu se déroule dans les organisations, sa nature et son rôle dans les processus de travail créatifs. Les résultats indiquent que le jeu a plusieurs effets sur les tâches et les relations qui affectent les processus collectifs de travail créatif qui soutiennent l'innovation durable. Je montre aussi les transitions entre le travail intense et jeu intense et expose un modèle incluant des conditions initiales, des mécanismes et des signaux qui facilitent les transitions. Ce faisant, cette thèse construit les bases d'une théorie du travail et du jeu. Cette recherche décrit un nouveau genre de jeu dans les organisations, différent de ceux observés et étudiés précédemment. Elle contribue aux théories du jeu et au travail créatif dans l'organisation. Prenant en compte le fait que l'innovation durable dépend aussi de la capacité de l'organisation à faire face aux menaces extérieures, cette recherche montre également comment l'identité organisationnelle joue un rôle crucial dans l'élaboration des méthodes de travail pour faire face aux menaces extérieures. Ainsi, cette étude contribue à la littérature sur la formation de l'identité organisationnelle, et son rôle dans les pratiques organisationnelles, la survie et l'innovation durable / This dissertation consists of three empirical essays based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in an innovation-based firm in India, and investigates the processes enabling sustained innovation. More specifically, it addresses the role of play in innovative work and its processes, as well as the role of organizational identity in organization’s response to external threats. I show how playfulness unfolds in work organizations, its nature, and its role in the creative work processes. Results indicate that play has several task and relationship related effects on group creative work processes on which sustained innovation rests. It also show how people transition between intense work and intense play – and explicate a model of initial conditions, mechanisms and cues for such transitions. By doing so, this study starts to lay the grounds for a theory of work and play, and provides an answer to how innovative work gets accomplished amidst playfulness in organizations. This study describes a new kind of play in work organizations, different to those observed and investigated in previous organizational studies and contributes to theories of play and creative work in organization. Mindful of the fact that sustaining innovation also depends on organization’s ability to cope with external threats, this study also shows how organizational identity play a crucial role in shaping its work practices for responding to external threats, and how threat can even lead to the formation of an organization’s initial identity. Thus, this study also contributes to the literature on organizational identity, and its role in organizational practices, survival, growth and sustained innovation

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:04:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O estudo identifica características dos processos de trabalho na saúde a partir da percepção dos profissionais sobre práticas de atendimento, relações na equipe de saúde e integralidade como mecanismos de interferência no processo de transição do modelo assistencial de saúde. É um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa. Foi realizado em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de Campo Bom/RS. O método de coleta de dados foi grupo focal. A amostra é composta por um médico, uma enfermeira, dois técnicos de enfermagem, seis agentes comunitários de saúde, uma dentista, uma auxiliar de dentista e uma agente administrativa. Os dados foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. Identificou-se empenho dos profissionais do PSF para organizarem seus processos de trabalho de forma a implementar o modelo de saúde usuário-centrado, com destaque nas práticas de atendimento, questões relacionadas à equipe de saúde e com indícios da implementação do modelo de saúde alicerçado na integralidade. Contudo, / The study identifies the work processes characteristics in health, from the perception of professionals about attendance practices, relations in the health team, and integrality, as interference mechanisms in the process of health assistance model transition onwards. It is an exploratory study of qualitative nature in a Family Health Unit in the City of Campo Bom/RS. The data collection method was group-focused. The sample is made-up by a physician, a nurse, two nursing technicians, six community health agents, one dentist, one dentist assistant, and one administrative agent. The data were worked through theme content analysis. The engagement of the Family Health Program professionals to organize their work processes in order to implement the model of health user-centered was identified, highlighting the attendance practices, issues related to the health team, and with indications of the health model implementation based on integrality. However, a paternalist trend was identified in the health team actions, a

Detta examensarbete är en studie om hur karaktärsämneslärare inom gymnasieskolans medieprogram arbetar för att utveckla elevers kreativa förmåga. I uppsatsen synliggörs definition av kreativitet, arbetssätt för att främja kreativitet samt vad som är utmärkande för kreativa arbetsklimat. Undersökningen baseras på en kvalitativ studie i form av intervjuer som utmynnar i förståelse och handlingsmönster för de arbetssätt dessa pedagoger använder sig av för att främja kreativitet hos eleverna. Fem lärare från två olika gymnasieskolors medieprogram i skilda kommuner ingick i granskningen. Karaktärsämneslärarna definierar kreativitet med att det handlar om elevers personliga förnyelse av både tanke- och handlingsmönster. Kreativitet är en essentiell förmåga som är oumbärlig för varje elevs personliga vidareutveckling för att nå nya insikter. För att elever ska utvecklas kreativt behöver lärare uppmuntra och stimulera eleverna till nytänkande och nyskapande med hjälp av olika arbetssätt och verktyg. Lärandet får inte domineras av normen i att tänka logiskt och verbalt utan bör även uppmärksamma det visuella och intuitiva medvetandet hos eleverna för att de ska utvecklas kreativt. Samtidigt bör lärare värna om ett arbetsklimat som inbjuder till kreativitet. Det visar sig att skolan tycks sakna ett helhetsgrepp och en samsyn för hur lärare ska tolka begreppet kreativitet samt arbeta för att utveckla elevers kreativa förmåga. Eftersom olika styrdokument för diverse utbildningsprogram genomsyras av diffusa kreativitetsmål finns det ett behov av att väcka en diskussion kring kreativitet inom skolvärlden. / This thesis is a study of how subject teachers in upper secondary school media program works to develop students' creative ability. The paper reveals the definition of creativity, working to promote creativity and the characteristics of creative work climate. The survey is based on a qualitative study in the form of interviews, leading to understanding and action pattern for the way these educators use to promote creativity of students. Five teachers from two secondary schools media program in separate municipalities were included in the audit. Character subject teachers define creativity of pupils' personal renewal of both thought and action pattern. Creativity is an essential ability indispensable for each pupil's personal further development in order to achieve new insights. For students to develop creative ability, teachers need to encourage and stimulate students to innovation and creativity by using different methods and tools. Learning should not be dominated by the norm of how to think logically and verbally, but should also pay attention to the visual and intuitive minds of students so that they can develop their creative ability. At the same time, teachers should maintain a work environment that invites creativity. It turns out that the school seems to lack a comprehensive approach and a consensus on how teachers interpret the concept of creativity, and working to develop students' creative ability. Since different policies in relation to various training programs permeated by diffuse objectives of achieving creativity, there is a need to bring a discussion of creativity in the educational community.

En grafisk designer måste kunna producera oavsett vilka förhållanden som råder. Rapporten behandlar vad korta och långa deadlines har för inverkan på denna förmåga och hur kreativiteten kan främjas vid stressiga situationer. Semistrukturerade djupintervjuer utfördes med åtta Art- och Creative directors i Gävledala-regionen för att undersöka hur de upplevde att vara kreativa under stressiga förhållanden. Resultatet visade att det generellt inte var ett problem för studiens respondenter att vara kreativa på beställning men att de inte heller följde några specifika metoder för att underlätta arbetsflödet. Det visade sig även att det snarare var arbetsbördan och mängden arbetsuppgifter som påverkade stressfaktorn än en specifik tidsram. / A graphic designer must be able to create and produce regardless of conditions. The present study addresses what impact short and long deadlines have on this ability and how creativity can be encouraged in stressful situations. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight Art and Creative directors in GävleDala region to examine how they felt about being creative under stressful conditions. The results showed that there is generally not a problem for the interviewees to be creative on demand, but they do not follow any specific methods to ease the workflow. It was also found that it was rather the workload and the amount of assignments that affect the stress factor rather than a specific time frame.

Virtuelle 3D-Modelle finden in den historischen Disziplinen in zweierlei Art Verwendung. Zum einen dienen diese zur Erfassung und Digitalisierung existierender historischer Objekte. Daneben dient die Erstellung von virtuellen 3D-Rekonstruktionen der Nachbildung nicht mehr existierender Objekte und Strukturen. Während technische Abläufe beider Ansätze ebenso wie methodische und wissenschaftstheoretische Aspekte in der Fachliteratur häufig und umfassend thematisiert werden, ist eine Frage nach sozialen Aspekten und sozialer Interaktion im Kontext derartiger Vorhaben bisher unbeleuchtet geblieben. Ziel der Arbeit stellt dar, eine Bandbreite und Relevanz von Aspekten der Kooperation als „Zusammenarbeit mit gemeinsamem Ziel, gegenseitiger Abstimmung, planvollem Vorgehen sowie Vorteilen für alle Akteure“ (Hagenhoff, 2004) im Kontext derartiger geschichtswissenschaftlicher 3D-Modellierungsvorhaben mittels sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden zu beleuchten. Dabei zielt eine Darlegung auf unterschiedliche Skalierungen von Kooperation ab – angefangen bei einer Wissenschaftslandschaft über Kooperationsstrukturen bis hin zu einer Betrachtung von spezifischen Kooperationsphänomenen und -strategien innerhalb von Arbeits- und Erstellungsprozessen.

Tato diplomová práce představuje návrh a implementaci řídicího systému známého jako Innovation Scorecard, který byl zaveden a aplikován v rámci společnosti Red Hat Czech s.r.o. Účelem bylo vylepšení současného modu operandi společnosti se zvláštním důrazem na zlepšení vývoje a implementačních procesů softwaru. Hlavní zaměření práce je především na měření toho, jak úspěšný byl jakýkoli navrhovaný inovativní způsob práce. Diplomová práce je rozdělena do tří částí. První část obsahuje základní znalosti, které jsou důležité pro pochopení konkrétního tématu výzkumu. Druhá část diplomové práce popisuje společnost a umožňuje tak pochopení interních procesů a systémů v rámci firmy. Třetí část obsahuje související návrhy, jak zlepšit vnitřní procesy. To je založeno na analýze s hlavním zaměřením na to, jak společnost v současné době funguje.

Virtuelle 3D-Modelle finden in den historischen Disziplinen in zweierlei Art Verwendung. Zum einen dienen diese zur Erfassung und Digitalisierung existierender historischer Objekte. Daneben dient die Erstellung von virtuellen 3D-Rekonstruktionen der Nachbildung nicht mehr existierender Objekte und Strukturen. Während technische Abläufe beider Ansätze ebenso wie methodische und wissenschaftstheoretische Aspekte in der Fachliteratur häufig und umfassend thematisiert werden, ist eine Frage nach sozialen Aspekten und sozialer Interaktion im Kontext derartiger Vorhaben bisher unbeleuchtet geblieben. Ziel der Arbeit stellt dar, eine Bandbreite und Relevanz von Aspekten der Kooperation als „Zusammenarbeit mit gemeinsamem Ziel, gegenseitiger Abstimmung, planvollem Vorgehen sowie Vorteilen für alle Akteure“ (Hagenhoff, 2004) im Kontext derartiger geschichtswissenschaftlicher 3D-Modellierungsvorhaben mittels sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden zu beleuchten. Dabei zielt eine Darlegung auf unterschiedliche Skalierungen von Kooperation ab – angefangen bei einer Wissenschaftslandschaft über Kooperationsstrukturen bis hin zu einer Betrachtung von spezifischen Kooperationsphänomenen und -strategien innerhalb von Arbeits- und Erstellungsprozessen.

För att uppnå målen med Agenda 2030 behöver fler satsningar göras på innovation och digitala lösningar, såväl inom den offentliga sektorn som inom industrisektorn. Beträffande den ekonomiska hållbarheten har den svenska byggindustrin i dagsläget möjlighet till sparande av mångmiljardbelopp årligen och digitalisering spelar en nyckelroll i att lyckas uppnå det. Det är viktigt med samverkan och en snabb byggprocess, varför digitala verktyg som förbättrar och kan påskynda den är av intresse för hela branschen, i synnerhet sådana som kan användas under projekteringsfasen. Denna studie avser därför att undersöka hur processen av beräkning av byggnadsverks kostnadskalkyler kan automatiseras, genom användning av den data som finns i den digitala byggmodellen. Därför programmeras en applikation som kopplar samman modelldata och kostnadsdata, med hjälp av Byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM), programmering och tvåväga informationsflöden. Studien illustrerar genom exemplifiering processen av programmering och undersöker hur digitalisering – i såväl teori som praktik – kan användas och tillämpas på byggindustrin. Applikationen är en produkt som utvecklas och metodkapitlet initieras därför av en designprocess; specificering av krav, funktioner som uppfyller kraven, attribut som motsvarar dessa funktioner och till sist hur de sammanfogas för att tillsammans skapa produkten. Detta följs av en litteraturstudie som utfördes dels för att samla fakta om programmering och digitala möjligheter inom byggbranschen, dels för att undersöka liknande studier som gjorts tidigare. Slutligen insamlades kostnader till beräkning av schablonvärden för olika typobjekt som sedan kan användas i tandem med modellen för att skapa kostnadskalkylen. Inledningsvis beskriver resultatet ingående en förenklad variant av applikationen, i syfte att närmare illustrera programmeringsprocessen. Därpå följer beskrivningen av programmeringen av applikationen som programmerats för denna studie. Det slutgiltiga resultatet blev en applikation som automatiserar beräkning av en kostnadskalkyl och en studie som beskriver applikationens sammanhang samt metodiken av att programmera den. / In order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) defined for Agenda 2030, more investments are needed in innovation and digitalized solutions, as much so in the public sector as in the industry sector. When it comes to the economical sustainability, the Swedish construction industry has possibilities of saving multi-billion sums yearly, and digitalization is playing a key part in making that possible. Both cooperation and an efficient construction process are of importance, why digital tools that can improve and speed up this process are of interest, especially ones that can be used during the design phase. The purpose of this study is to examine how the process of calculating a cost estimate for a civil construction can be automated, using the data in its digital model. An application is therefore programmed, combining model data and cost data, through Building Information Modelling (BIM), programming and two-way data exchange. The study illustrates the process of programming and examines how digitalization can be applied to the constructional industry, both in theory and practice. The application development process is part of the study, why the method chapter is initiated by its design process; specifying customer needs, functions that fulfil the needs, attributes that match these functions and lastly how they come together to make the product. This is then followed by the literature overview, which was done partly to gather information about programming and digital possibilities within the construction industry, and partly for relating this study to similar ones done before. Lastly costs have been collected for calculating template values for different modelling objects, which then can be used together with the model to produce the cost estimate. Initially the result explains a simplified version of the application in-depth, for the purpose of illustrating the programming process thoroughly. That is then followed by the programming of the actual application. The final result was an application that automizes calculation of a cost estimate, and a study that describes its context and the methodology of programming it.

[pt] Os usuários finais de Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde (EAS) - os pacientes e seus acompanhantes - são, muitas vezes, invisibilizados na arquitetura em saúde. Há, assim, uma distância entre o trabalho do arquiteto e esses usuários, distância que aumenta ou diminui conforme a atuação do profissional. Por meio do método dialético, ou método de Marx, esta pesquisa busca entender e reconstruir a estrutura e a dinâmica dessa distância, analisando as relações que a compõem. A distância é, logo, tanto o ponto de partida quanto o objeto deste estudo. Os componentes da distância, apurados nesta pesquisa e perpassados pela aceitação de Risco como probabilidade de ocorrência de um evento danoso, são: (1) a relação entre arquiteto e contratante; (2) a relação entre Arquitetura e Saúde; (3) a relação entre Arquitetura e Engenharia em Saúde; (4) a relação entre o arquiteto e a Vigilância Sanitária; (5) a relação entre Arquitetura e gerenciamento de manutenção em EAS; e (6) a relação entre Arquitetura e o conceito de humanização dos ambientes em Saúde. Esses componentes nortearam a reconstrução teórica do movimento da distância por meio de análise de entrevistas feitas com profissionais de Arquitetura em Saúde atuantes no mercado privado e na Vigilância Sanitária, bem como por meio de breves considerações sobre a consulta pública que visou substituir a legislação mais importante desse campo de atuação, a RDC 50/2002 da ANVISA. O resultado desta pesquisa aponta caminhos para o aprofundamento teórico e a sistematização do processo de aproximação entre o trabalho na arquitetura em saúde e os usuários finais de EAS. / [en] End users of Healthcare Facilities (HF) - patients and their companions - are often made invisible in healthcare architecture. Thus, there is a distance between the architect s work and these users, a distance that increases or decreases according to the professional s performance. Through the dialectical method, or Marx s method, this research seeks to understand and reconstruct the structure and dynamics of this distance, analyzing the relationships that compose it. The distance is, therefore, both the starting point and the object of this study. The components of the distance, deepened in this research and crossed by the notion of Risk as the probability of the occurrence of a harmful event, are: (1) the relationship between architect and contractor; (2) the relationship between Architecture and Healthcare; (3) the relationship between Architecture and Healthcare Engineering; (4) the relationship between the architect and the state Sanitary Surveillance; (5) the relationship between Architecture and maintenance management in HF; and (6) the relationship between architecture and the concept of humanizing healthcare environments. These components guided the theoretical reconstruction of the distance movement through the analysis of interviews with Healthcare Architecture professionals who work in the private market and in Sanitary Surveillance, as well as brief considerations about the public consultation that aimed to replace the most important legislation of this field, the RDC 50/2002 of ANVISA. The result of this research points out ways for the theoretical deepening and systematization of the approximation process between work in Healthcare Architecture and the end users of HF.