Les risques psychosociaux (RPS) sont devenus en France une préoccupation majeure pour la société par leurs enjeux en termes de santé publique, de coûts pour les entreprises et les travailleurs. Les ministères du Travail et de la Santé se sont emparés de ces enjeux à la fin des années 2000 en suscitant enquêtes, collectes de données et travaux scientifiques. Malgré le développement de la connaissance sur les RPS et leurs conséquences, l’intégration de ces nouveaux risques dans les politiques publiques et managériales est encore très modeste.A travers une analyse économique, institutionnelle et empirique, l’objectif principal de cette thèse est de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des conséquences de l’exposition aux RPS pour l’individu et pour l’entreprise, et d’analyser le rôle des instances de prévention actuelles dans la réduction des niveaux de RPS perçus et dans la préservation de la santé des travailleurs. Les différentes analyses empiriques réalisées révèlent que l’exposition des travailleurs aux RPS conduit à une dégradation de leur santé mentale, à davantage d’absence-maladie et de présentéisme. Il semble donc nécessaire de mettre en place des actions de prévention visant à limiter ces conséquences néfastes. Une analyse institutionnelle et économique du cadre de prévention français établit le rôle important du Comité d’Hygiène, de Sécurité et des Conditions de Travail (CHSCT) malgré les moyens d’action limités dont l’instance dispose. / In France, psychosocial risks (PSR) became a major concern for society by their stakes in termsof public health, costs for companies and workers. In the late 2000s, the Ministries of Labor and Health took up these challenges by initiating surveys, data collection and scientific works. Despite the development of knowledge about PSR and its consequences, the integration of these new risks into public and managerial policies is still very modest.Through an economic, institutional and empirical analysis, the main objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better knowledge of the consequences of PSR’ exposure for individual and for company, and to analyze the role of prevention authorities to reduce the perceived levels of PSR and preserving the workers’ health. The empirical analyzes carried out reveal that workers' exposure to PSR leads to a degradation of their mental health, more sick leave and presenteeism at work. It therefore seems necessary to put in place prevention measures to limit these harmful consequences. An institutional and economic analysis of the French prevention framework establishes the important role of the Health, Safety and Working Conditions Committee (CHSCT) in spite of the limited means of action available.

Submitted by Rita de Cassia Paulon (rpaulon@ias.org.br) on 2018-05-02T22:49:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COM FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA-RITA PAULON Abril_2018_.pdf: 2876237 bytes, checksum: 4be9f63cefabd47dc4d35dbb155da0ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-05-04T22:44:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COM FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA-RITA PAULON Abril_2018_.pdf: 2876237 bytes, checksum: 4be9f63cefabd47dc4d35dbb155da0ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-05-07T12:28:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COM FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA-RITA PAULON Abril_2018_.pdf: 2876237 bytes, checksum: 4be9f63cefabd47dc4d35dbb155da0ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T12:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COM FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA-RITA PAULON Abril_2018_.pdf: 2876237 bytes, checksum: 4be9f63cefabd47dc4d35dbb155da0ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-04 / Nesse estudo, investigamos os motivos que impactam a infrequência de alunos do 3º ano do ensino fundamental em escolas da rede municipal de São Paulo a partir de duas variáveis: a família e políticas públicas educacionais. A metodologia está estruturada em duas etapas, na qual a primeira compreende a análise quantitativa da base de dados disponibilizada pela Secretaria de Educação Municipal de São Paulo e refere-se à infrequência de alunos das 13 regionais de ensino, 98 distritos e 501 escolas. A segunda etapa, consiste num estudo exploratório qualitativo realizado por meio de entrevistas individuais e em grupo com professores, pais e diretores das escolas definidas. A família é considerada um tema de grande relevância nas discussões dentro da escola tanto pelos gestores escolares quanto pelos educadores. Administrar essa relação não é tarefa fácil, por isso é necessário convocar a comunidade escolar e famílias para compreendermos melhor essa dinâmica. Outro aspecto analisado refere-se à dimensão da escola e o papel das políticas públicas educacionais e suas correlações na discussão da infrequência escolar. Ao final, identificamos iniciativas exitosas e experiências inovadoras que contribuem para a redução da infrequência dos alunos e melhores resultados de aprendizagem. / This paper investigates the causes that impact the absence of 3º grade elementary students in the municipal schools of São Paulo city through two variables: Family and Public Policy. The methodology of this paper is structured in two parts: the first one includes the quantitative analysis of the data base of São Paulo Municipal Secretariat and referes to elementary students absence of 13 educational districts, 98 departments and 501 schools. The second part consists in an exploratory study through individual and group interviews with teachers, parents and school principals of the selected schools. Family is considered a very relevant theme to be discussed by the whole school comunity. Administrating this relationship is hard task and envolves all these actors to work together and understand deeply this complex dynamic. Another aspect analysed refers to educational public policy as legal promoters to the right of education according to the Federal Constitution of 1988, that revealed as crucial in the human and citizen transformation promoted by the schools. Successful initiatives and inovative experiences that contribute to reduce students absence and better learning results were also identified.

The Mundaú lagoon is part of the main estuary complex of Alagoas, called Mundaú-Manguaba, contributing directly to the socioeconomic development of the cities of Maceió, Coqueiro Seco and Santa Luzia do Norte through tourism, fishing and agriculture. However, the disordered occupation in its surroundings, lack of basic sanitation, effluent releases and the entry of pesticides from intensive agricultural activity cause problems of environmental contamination. In this work, it was verified how the contamination altered the physical-chemical parameters pH, conductivity, hardness, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, NH4+, total organic carbon (TOC) and the Cu, Fe, Mn , Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd and Cr total metal concentration. It was also evaluated how the natural organic matter contained in the suspended particulate material (NOM-SPM) extracted from the lagoon influences the availability of the Cd2+ and Pb2+ metal cations, using the chronopotenciometric electrochemical technique of Absence Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES). The physical-chemical parameters were measured from 9 points collected in the lagoon and compared with the resolution 357/2005 CONAMA for brackish water, with pH and conductivity measured in situ; hardness by complexometry with EDTA; chloride ions by the Mohr method; the PO43-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ ions determined by spectrophotometry, the PO43- by the molybdenum blue method, SO42- by the turbidimetric method with BaCl2, NH4+ by the indophenol blue method and NO3- by the Gries reaction. TOC was measured by catalytic combustion with infrared detection and the total metal concentration performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. NOM-SPM was obtained by extracting the suspended particulate material from the samples, filtering them in a 0,45 μm pore membrane, and then extracting the NOM-SPM using 0,1 mol L-1 NaOH as an extractor, MON-MPS was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, molecular fluorescence and TOC, to obtain the degree of humification and aromaticity. Then, titration tests of the Cd2+ and Pb2+ metals were carried out with the MON-MPS 0,45 mg L-1 TOC, and the values of the complexation capacity (CC) and the conditional stability constant (K ') at pH 5 and 6. The results of the physical-chemical characterization showed that the lagoon has values of PO43-, NO3-, TOC, Fe, Zn and Pb above that allowed by Brazilian legislation for this type of ecosystem. The concentration of total Pb, in particular, reached 1,32 mg L-1, the maximum value allowed by resolution 357/2005 CONAAM is 0,210 mg L-1. The degree of humification of NOM-SPM indicated more aromatic functional groups than aliphatic structures, suggesting that it may be a good natural complexing agent for metals. The K 'and CC values show that NOM-SPM has more affinity for Pb2+ cations than for Cd2+, being in agreement with other NOM matrices described in the literature. It is concluded that there is a need for actions to remediation and minimize the indiscriminate disposal of contaminants in the lagoon so that the physicochemical parameters are adequate to the legislation and that NOM-SPM of the lagoon Mundaú acts as a good natural regulator for Pb2+ and Cd2+, being more effective for the first one, helping to reduce their availability to the biota in the form of free cations. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A laguna Mundaú faz parte do principal complexo estuarino de Alagoas, denominado Mundaú-Manguaba, contribuindo, diretamente, para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico das cidades de Maceió, Coqueiro Seco e Santa Luzia do Norte por meio do turismo, da pesca e da agropecuária. No entanto, a ocupação desordenada em seu entorno, falta de saneamento básico, lançamentos de efluentes e a entrada de agrotóxicos oriundos da atividade agropecuária intensiva causam problemas de contaminação ambiental. Verificou-se, neste trabalho, como essa contaminação alterou os parâmetros físico-químicos pH, condutividade, dureza, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, NH4+, carbono orgânico total (COT) e a concentração total dos metais Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd e Cr. Avaliou-se, também, como a matéria orgânica natural contida no material particulado em suspensão (MON-MPS) extraído da própria laguna influencia na disponibilidade dos cátions metálicos Cd2+ e Pb2+, utilizando-se da técnica eletroquímica cronopotenciométrica de redissolução no equilíbrio nernstiano e na ausência de gradientes (AGNES). Os parâmetros físico-químicos foram medidos a partir de 9 pontos coletados na laguna e comparados com a resolução 357/2005 CONAMA para água salobras, sendo o pH e condutividade medidos in situ; a dureza por complexometria com EDTA; os íons cloreto pelo método de Mohr; os íons PO43-, SO42--, NO3-, NH4+ determinados por espectrofotometria, sendo o PO43- pelo método do azul de molibdênio, SO42- pelo método turbidimétrico com BaCl2, NH4+ pelo método do azul de indofenol e NO3- pela reação de Gries. O COT foi medido por combustão catalítica com detecção de infravermelho e a concentração de metal total realizada por espectrometria de absorção atômica. A obtenção da MON-MPS se deu pela extração do material particulado em suspensão das amostras, filtrando-as em membrana de 0,45 μm de poro, para em seguida extrair a MON-MPS utilizando NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 como extrator. Caracterizou-se a MON-MPS por espectroscopia de UV-Vis, fluorescência molecular e COT, para obter o grau de humificação e aromaticidade. Em seguida, fez-se ensaios de titulação dos metais Cd2+ e Pb2+ com a MON-MPS 0,45 mg L-1 COT, medindo-se por meio da AGNES os valores da capacidade de complexação (CC) e da constante de estabilidade condicional (K’) nos pH 5 e 6. Os resultados da caracterização físico-química mostraram que a laguna está com valores de PO43-, NO3-, COT, Fe, Zn e Pb acima do permitido pela legislação brasileira para este tipo de ecossistema. A concentração de Pb total, em especial, alcançou o valor de 1,32 mg L-1, sendo que o valor máximo permitido pela resolução 357/2005 CONAAM é 0,210 mg L-1. O grau de humificação da MON-MPS indicou mais grupos funcionais aromáticos do que estruturas alifáticas, sugerindo que ela é pode ser um bom agente complexante natural para metais. Os valores de K’ e de CC mostram que a MON-MPS tem mais afinidade pelos cátions Pb2+ do que pelos Cd2+, estando de acordo com outras matrizes de MON descritas na literatura. Conclui-se que há necessidade de ações de remediação e minimização do descarte indiscriminado de contaminantes na laguna para que os parâmetros físico-químicos se adequem à legislação e, que a MON-MPS da laguna Mundaú atua como um bom regulador natural para Pb2+ e Cd2+, sendo mais efetivo para o primeiro, ajudando a diminuir a disponibilidade dos mesmos para a biota na forma de cátions livres.

Sjukfrånvaron inom de svenska kommunala vård- och omsorgsorganisationerna ökar. Samtidigt har en organiserings- och styrningsförändring skett inom dessa organisationer de senaste decennierna i form av införandet av New Public Management (NPM) och dess reformer. Studien syftade till att genom en kvalitativ fallstudie få en ökad förståelse för hur psykosociala och organisatoriska faktorer tillsammans kunde ha inverkan på en kommunal vård- och omsorgsorganisations sjukfrånvaro för organisationens medarbetare inom kontaktyrken och dess chefer. Detta utifrån att identifiera vad organisationens sjukfrånvaro orsakades av samt för att föreslå åtgärder för att förebygga framtida sjukfrånvaro. För att uppfylla syftet och studiens frågeställningar genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt 19 intervjupersoner som representerade de arbetsgrupper med organisationens högsta och lägsta sjuktal under 2019 samt de chefsgrupper med organisationens högsta och lägsta sjuktal under 2019. Empirin analyserades utifrån den teoretiska referensramen. Denna innefattade tidigare forskning samt teorier gällande NPM, struktureringsteori, psykosociala sjukfrånvarofaktorer, organisatoriska sjukfrånvarofaktorer, psykosociala friskfaktorer, organisatoriska friskfaktorer samt organisationshälsa. Studiens resultat visade på tre framträdande psykosociala sjukfrånvarofaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer, fyra organisatoriska sjukfrånvarofaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer, fyra psykosociala friskfaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer samt fyra organisatoriska friskfaktorer för medarbetare och fem organisatoriska friskfaktorer för chefer. Resultaten visade att de psykosociala och organisatoriska sjukfrånvaro- och friskfaktorerna påverkade varandra, att det fanns ett samband mellan chefers och medarbetares upplevda arbetsmiljö samt att sjukfrånvaron framförallt kunde härledas till strukturer medan frisknärvaron istället kunde härledas till individers handlingar. Tio åtgärder för att minska sjukfrånvaron inom kommunala vård- och omsorgsorganisationer presenterades utifrån studiens resultat och potentiell vidare forskning har föreslagits. / Sickness absence within the Swedish municipal healthcare organizations is increasing. At the same time, there has been a change in organization and governance within these organizations in recent decades in the form of the introduction of New Public Management (NPM) and its reforms. The study aimed to gain a better understanding of how psychosocial and organizational factors together could have an impact on a municipal healthcare organization's sickness absence, regarding employees in the human service profession and its managers, through a qualitative case study. This to identify what was causing the organization's sickness absence and on proposing measures to prevent future sickness absence. To fulfill the purpose and study questions, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 19 informants representing the working groups with the organization's highest and lowest sickness numbers in 2019 and the management groups with the highest and lowest sickness numbers in 2019. The empirical data was analyzed based on the theoretical frame of reference. This included previous research as well as theories of NPM, structuring theory, psychosocial sickness absence factors, organizational sickness absence factors, psychosocial health factors, organizational health factors and organizational health. The study's results showed three prominent psychosocial sickness absence factors for employees and managers, four organizational sickness absence factors for employees and managers, four psychosocial health factors for employees and managers, four organizational health factors for employees and five organizational health factors for managers. The results showed that the psychosocial and organizational sickness absence and health factors affected each other, that there was a connection between managers and employees perceived work environment and that the sickness absence could primarily be attributed to structures, while work attendance instead could be attributed to individuals' actions. Ten measures to reduce sickness absence within municipal healthcare organizations has been presented based on the results of the study, as well as suggestions for further research.

No description available.

The Master´s thesis „Stress evaluation, coping and reduction” deals with a very up-to-date subject of employees stress. It analyzes stress types, development, symptoms and influence on health and work results of employees. It also concentrates on factors which evoke the stress, their identification and elimination in corporate environment. The first part of my thesis focuses on theoretical analysis of the above-mentioned issues. Second, practical part deals with the process of finding and evaluting stress factors in a logistic company and its employees. Final part focuses on project of elimination of stress and its factors in the company.

Sverige är ett sekulariserat land där stat och kyrka ej längre går hand i hand. I detta land ska skolors undervisning vara icke-konfessionell samtidigt som utbildningen ska vila på den tradition som förvaltats av kristen tradition. Religionsämnet är brett och ska enligt läroplanen omfatta religioner och andra livsåskådningar, med fokus på världsreligioner och etiska och moraliska frågeställningar kopplat till livsfrågor. Många i Sverige är icke-troende eller ateister, men ateism behandlas först i läroplanen för årskurs 7-9 och fördjupas senare i gymnasiet. Genom en kvalitativ studie har uppsatsen haft som syfte att undersöka representation av ateism i religionsundervisning årskurs 4-6, och empirin visar att lärare inte planerar för undervisning om ateism och att elever inte känner till begreppet. Vidare redogörs för lärares och elevers diskurs om religionsundervisning och om hur religiös positionering ses som resurs i undervisningen.

Within Swedish Secondary Schools, truancy has been an increasing concern over the last eleven years. A specific form of truancy is so called in-school truancy where the student is basically within the school corridors but to a lesser degree attends the lessons. Despite the well documented risks concerning for example employment, income and health and the vast literature demonstrating the importance of teacher experience to promote successful student outcomes, little attention has been given to both teacher experience of truancy and in-school truants in a Swedish context. This master thesis explores Swedish secondary teachers’ experience of working with in-school truants. Four secondary teachers working on an Introduction Program in Sweden were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Through this analysis six comprehensive themes were constructed: Multifaceted Role- and Responsibility Description, Structure for Security and Consensus, Hope and Credence Embodied, Relationship building Obstacles and Value, Meaningful, Manageable and Rewarding Work and Solidarity as the Solution and Shield. Understanding of the results was deepened through theoretical connections to results that were particularly distinctive. Some of the issues discussed were theories related to work culture, collegial support, self-efficacy, roles, responsibility, relationship building and teacher-student relationships. The results show that the teachers who participated experience their work with this group of students as one with extra demands. Despite extra demands, neither an excess of demands nor unmanageability were experienced. Rather a conviction was evident regarding the possibility to influence these students despite their form of truancy as well as a feeling of purposeful work. This was something which partly distinguished the findings from previous literature found on the subject. The teachers' experiences further suggest that colleagues and work culture constitute important aspects of the work experience. It is also evident that the teachers involved in this study work within a dynamic field where the teacher needs to balance and continuously reflect upon their way of working. Finally, from the teachers’ perspective, in-school truancy was not considered the most problematic or relevant to distinguish from other sorts of truancy. / Inom svenska gymnasieskolor har ogiltig frånvaro blivit ett allt större bekymmer under de senaste elva åren. En specifik form av frånvaro är så kallad in-school truancy (på svenska korridorselever) där eleven i stor utsträckning befinner sig i skolans område men i låg utsträckning går på undervisningen. Trots väl dokumenterade risker avseende bland annat anställning, inkomst och hälsa och den utbredda litteraturen som finns på betydelsen av lärares upplevelse för gynnsamma elev utfall har både lärares upplevelser av frånvaro samt korridorselever fått sparsamt med uppmärksamhet i en svensk kontext. I föreliggande studie undersöktes gymnasielärares upplevelser av att arbeta med korridorselever. Fyra gymnasielärare på ett Introduktionsprogram i Sverige intervjuades. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Av resultatet konstruerades sex övergripande teman: Mångfacetterad roll- och ansvarsbeskrivning, Struktur för trygghet och samsyn, Hopp och tilltro förkroppsligat, Relationsbyggandets hinder och värde, Det meningsfulla, hanterbara och givande arbetet och Gemenskapen som lösning och sköld. Förståelsen av resultatet fördjupades genom att diskuteras i förhållande till studier, däribland har teorier kopplade till arbetskultur, kollegial stöttning, self-efficacy, roller, ansvar, relationsskapande och lärar-elevrelationer lyfts. Resultatet visar att de lärare som deltagit upplever sitt arbete med elevgruppen som ett arbete med extra krav. Trots ökade krav finns inte upplevelsen av överkrav eller ohanterbarhet. Snarare fanns en övertygelse om möjligheten att påverka dessa elever oavsett frånvaro samt känslan av att ha ett meningsfullt arbete. Detta var något som till viss del skiljer resultatet från tidigare litteratur på ämnet. Lärarnas upplevelser antyder vidare att kollegor och arbetskulturen utgör viktiga aspekter av arbetsupplevelsen. Det framkommer även att lärarna i studien arbetar i ett spänningsladdat fält där läraren behöver balansera och kontinuerligt reflektera kring sitt eget arbetssätt. Slutligen, enligt de intervjuade lärarnas upplevelser, framkommer korridorseleverna inte som mer problematiskt eller meningsfullt att skilja på från andra typer av frånvaro.

Entre les archives, telles que définies par l’archivistique, et l’archive comme concept, tel qu’utilisé en dehors de la discipline, il existe un écart sémantique, conceptuel et théorique. D’un côté, les archives représentent des rassemblements documentaires issus des activités d’une personne ou d’un organisme ; de l’autre, il est question d’un outil conceptuel permettant d’exprimer une variété d’idées liées à l’histoire ou à la mémoire. Toutefois, cet intervalle entre archives et archive est particulièrement fertile. C’est dans cet espace que les utilisateurs non traditionnels des archives, comme les cinéastes de réemploi (dont les œuvres sont constituées d’images en mouvement préexistantes), trouvent leur inspiration. À travers leurs mises en récit, ces derniers montrent ce qui n’est pas visible dans les archives. De la décomposition des matières filmiques, aux dynamiques de pouvoir derrière le geste d’archivage et leurs récits tacites, en passant par les émotions et l’affect véhiculés par les documents, les œuvres nous confrontent à une double dimension inarchivée (ce qui n’est pas archivé) et inarchivable (ce qui ne peut pas être archivé), qui est constitutive de ce que sont les archives et de comment elles se construisent. En étudiant les archives qui constituent les œuvres de réemploi à partir de leur exploitation, c’est-à-dire leurs diverses utilisations et l’ensemble de leurs utilisations potentielles, il est possible de catégoriser ce qui se trouve dans l’inarchivé et l’inarchivable. Ainsi, trois principales modalités émergent des analyses : l’absence, qui relève de la lacune, du fragment et de l’incomplétude ; l’interdit qui se manifeste dans les archives comme traces matérielles ; et l’invisible qui participe de ce qui ne se montre pas. Ces trois catégories relèvent d’un impensé archivistique, c’est-à-dire d’un état de la discipline qui reflète l’inconcevabilité ou l’omission, volontaire ou non, de certains de ses aspects théoriques ou pratiques. C’est en investissant l’impensé, en étudiant l’archivistique à partir des pratiques en marges, qu’il est possible renouveler les discours sur la discipline. / Between archives, as defined by archival science, and the archive as a concept used outside of the discipline, there is a semantic, conceptual and theoretical gap. On one side archives represent the documentary by-product of human activity retained for their long-term value. On the other the archive has become a conceptual and critical tool to address a variety of ideas linked to memory and history. However, this interval between archives and archive is particularly fertile. In this space, nontraditional archives users, such as found footage filmmakers (whose works consist in reusing pre-existing footage) find inspiration. Through the narratives of their work, they show what is not always visible in archives. From the decomposition of film stock to the power dynamics behind archiving and its tacit narratives, through emotions and affect conveyed by records, the artworks confront us with a double unarchived and unarchivable dimension (what is not archived and what cannot be archived), constituent of how archives are created. Studying the archives that are part of found footage works through their usage (exploitation), namely their uses and potentials uses, it is possible to categorize the composition of the unarchived and the unarchivable. Three main divisions emerge from this analysis: the absence, linked to gaps, fragments and incompleteness; the forbidden that manifests in archives as material traces; the invisible that takes part in what is not shown. These three categories have to do with an unconceived (impensé): a state of the archival field reflecting the intentional or unintentional inconceivability or omission of some of its theoretical or practical aspects. In investing in the unconceived, in other words studying archival science from practices on the margins, it is possible to renew ideas and discourses inside the discipline.

No description available.