This thesis explores the connection between animal rights (abolitionism) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in an animal-exploiting company. Looking at how companies should treat animals has long been neglected in academic research. For this reason, the thesis investigates how animal rights, in particular, relate to Carroll's pyramid of CSR. The research adopts qualitative research methods with semi-structured interviews. Carroll's pyramid of CSR and its four dimensions are used as the theoretical framework to both direct the data gathering and analyse the information that was acquired. The thesis concludes with several major findings. Firstly, it is found that animal-exploiting businesses do not address animal rights but animal welfare in their CSR strategy. Secondly, the findings identify relations between animal rights and the four levels of Carroll’s CSR framework, namely economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic levels. Finally, an adjusted version of the framework is developed correlating with abolitionism.

Within the area of animal ethics, there has been ongoing discussion around whether people in developed countries are justified in consuming animal based products or not, some argue that we are, and some argue that we aren't. In this paper I present a kind of middle-way position in response to the ongoing discussion, in which I argue that a decent chunk of a population in developed countries are justified in consuming certain animal products, but only so far as the exclusion of these animal based products would cause harm to the boycotter. Many of the arguments that are raised in order to defend the consumption of animal products, often rely on controversial assumptions or stances in order to make their claim. In this paper I attempt to distance myself from these types of arguments, by giving an argument that only relies on already commonly held moral beliefs that we all already take to be true, and the argument I make is therefore just an extension of a moral belief that we already have, which is that it is morally justifiable to consume animal products in order to avoid a personal harm. The claim very simply put is the following: We already believe that a person is morally justified to consume animal products from animals that yield relatively low amounts of food in order to survive, if we take this to be true, then we should also believe that a person is morally justified to consume animal products from animals that have a much greater yield of food, but where the food is used not to survive, but to avoid personal harms that stem from boycotting animal products. To give a more precise description on why the former (to survive) entails the latter (to avoid harms from boycotting) is because firstly, the amount of harm that's being done to the animal to avoid both cases is the same, and secondly, the level of harm that's being prevented by consuming the products that come from that animal are also the same. I conclude therefore, that if we want to remain morally consistent, we should accept the latter case to also be justified, which is that we are justified in consuming animal products in order to reduce a personal harm, but only so far as those harms would be prevalent if the person where to exclude animal based products from their diet.

I syfte att undersöka om, och i så fall hur, förskollärare arbetar med djuretik som en värderingsfråga undersöks (1) förskollärares tolkning av läroplanens skrivning om ”respekt för allt levande”, (2) hur förskollärare arbetar med värderingsfrågan djuretik och (3) vilken hänsyn de tar till läroplanens krav på saklighet och allsidighet i detta arbete. Empirin bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex förskollärare varav 3 är vegetarianer. Analysen baseras på poststrukturalistisk teori och teori om den dolda läroplanen. Informanterna anger att de arbetar med djuretik i ringa omfattning men visar också att förskollärarna förmedlar omedvetna budskap om djuretik. Hur dessa förskollärare arbetar med djuretik kännetecknas av en relativt stor heterogenitet som delvis är beroende av de intervjuades kostval. Mot bakgrund av att lärarna i denna studie tolkar in djur i läroplanens direktiv om att arbeta för att barn utvecklar ”respekt för allt levande”, dras en slutsats att den lärare som vill arbeta för att barn ska utveckla respekt för djur kan hänvisa till denna skrivning för att rättfärdiga sitt arbete. / In order to examine whether and, if so, how preschool teachers work with animal ethics, I investigate (1) preschool teachers' interpretation of the the formulation of the Swedish curriculum about "respect for all living things", (2) how preschool teachers work with issues of animal ethics, and (3) which consideration they give in this work to the curriculum requirements of objectivity and comprehensiveness. The empirical data is based on qualitative interviews with six pre-school teachers whereof three are vegetarians. The analysis is based on poststructuralist theory and theory of the hidden curriculum. The informants tell that they are working with animal ethics to a small extent. However, the teachers do also mediate unconscious messages about animal ethics. How these preschool teachers work with animal ethics is characterized by a relatively high heterogeneity that partly depends on the food choice of the interviewees. Given that the teachers in this study do include the animals when they interpret the curriculum directives on working to ensure that children develop "respect for all living things", I conclude that the teachers who want to work for children to develop respect for animals may refer to this curriculum wording to justify their work.

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-05T10:40:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Gabriela Pinto.pdf: 1007586 bytes, checksum: 38b6fd992778f20ddc26b917a95e17a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-05T10:40:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Gabriela Pinto.pdf: 1007586 bytes, checksum: 38b6fd992778f20ddc26b917a95e17a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-05T10:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Gabriela Pinto.pdf: 1007586 bytes, checksum: 38b6fd992778f20ddc26b917a95e17a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Universidade Federal Fluminense / O biólogo se depara com situações conflitantes e dilemas desde seu ingresso na graduação, essa profissão necessita de adequada formação crítica e ética, principalmente relacionada aos animais não humanos para uma atuação plena. A Bioética por ser um campo multidisciplinar da ética que inclui o estudo das dimensões morais, decisões e condutas relacionadas às ciências da vida (Reich, 1995), foi preconizada a ser inclusa disciplina ao currículo do curso em 2010 pelo Conselho Federal de Biologia para suprir essa formação. Porém não foram delimitados os temas a serem discutidos, por exemplo, a Ética Animal por tratar das relações éticas interespecíficas é imprescindível ao biólogo, mas acaba sendo exclusa do debate. Com isto, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar os Projetos Pedagógicos do Curso de graduação em Ciências Biológicas das universidades públicas brasileiras visando à incidência da disciplina de Bioética, Ética Animal ou Ética Ambiental em sua Matriz Curricular e, por compreender a importância do tema, a verificação de presença do tema Ética Animal nas ementas das disciplinas de Bioética existentes. Foi utilizada metodologia de natureza quantitativa descritiva e os dados obtidos através de pesquisa de campo. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos cursos não possui a disciplina de Bioética em sua matriz curricular e em nenhum dos Projetos foram localizadas as disciplinas de Ética Animal ou Ética Ambiental. Quantos a análise das ementas das disciplinas de Bioética existentes, a maioria não contempla a temática da Ética Animal, sendo verificada a grande incidência de bibliografia apenas relacionada aos aspectos legais e éticos da prática profissional. Deste modo, verifica-se a importância da revisão dos currículos para inclusão obrigatória da disciplina de Bioética e da temática ética animal, bem como de futuras pesquisas que apontem o conteúdo da Bioética necessário para uma formação mais completa e menos especista / The biologist is faced with conflicting situations and dilemmas since joining the graduation, this profession requires adequate critical and ethical training, mainly related to non-human animals for a full performance. Bioethics for being a multidisciplinary field of ethics that includes the study of the moral dimensions, decisions and related pipelines to life sciences (Reich, 1995), was recommended to be included as discipline to the course curriculum in 2010 by the Federal Biology Council to meet this training. But they have not defined the topics to be discussed, for example, the Animal Ethics for dealing with ethical interspecific relationships is essential to the biologist, but ends up being excluded debate. With this, the present study aimed to analyze the pedagogical projects of undergraduate course in Biological Sciences of the Brazilian public higher education institutions seeking to impact the discipline of Bioethics, Animal Ethics and Environmental Ethics in its Curriculum Matrix, and understand the importance of the issue the theme of the presence of verification Animal Ethics in the menus of existing bioethics disciplines. It was used methodology of descriptive and quantitative data obtained through field research. The results show that most courses do not have the discipline of bioethics in their curriculum and in any of the projects the disciplines of Animal Ethics and Environmental Ethics were located. How to analyze the menus of existing bioethics disciplines, most does not address the issue of Animal Ethics, and verified the high incidence of literature only related to legal and ethical aspects of professional practice. Thus, there is the importance of the revision of curriculum for compulsory inclusion of Bioethics discipline and animal ethics theme, as well as future studies that show the Bioethics content needed for a more complete training and less speciesist content

Ce mémoire de maîtrise se penche sur les représentations de l’espace zoologique dans la pratique de l’artiste montréalaise Karine Payette (1983-), avec un accent mis sur l’impact de celui-ci sur les vies animales de même que sur une conception anthropocentriste de la nature et du non-humain. Témoignant de l’intérêt de l’artiste pour le rapport des êtres à leur habitat, je propose une analyse de certaines des œuvres de la série Espaces sans espèces (2019) et de l’installation À perpétuité (2018), qui interrogent le fonctionnement actuel des lieux de conservation du vivant. La remise en question, par Payette, des jardins zoologiques s’arrime à une considération antispé-ciste pour les animaux non-humains. Compris comme la discrimination perpétrée à un être en rai-son de son appartenance à une espèce particulière (Giroux 2020), le spécisme engendre l’exploitation systématique des animaux, qu’elle soit faite pour nourrir, vêtir ou encore divertir les êtres humains. M’appuyant sur le concept d’esthétique antispéciste (Van Der Donckt 2016) qui vise à considérer les pratiques artistiques interrogeant le rapport de domination des êtres humains sur les animaux, mon mémoire souhaite démontrer comment Payette, par une multitude de straté-gies esthétiques, fait voir le spécisme présent au sein des zoos. Prenant en considération le zoo en tant que dispositif spatial (Estebanez 2010), mon mémoire s’attarde à la fois à la présence et à l’absence animale au sein des œuvres de Payette : dans un pre-mier temps, la présence animale fait voir les conséquences psychopathologiques de la captivité as-sociée au zoo sur les animaux, notamment par la présence de stéréotypies (Marino 2018). Dans un second temps, l’absence des animaux montre la plasticité de l’espace zoologique, où le vivant de-vient spectacle (Ramade 2019). À travers son étude des jardins zoologiques, Payette met de l’avant les différents problèmes éthiques que pose l’utilisation des animaux par les humains à des fins de divertissement. / This master's thesis examines representations of zoological space in the practice of Montreal artist Karine Payette (1983-), with a focus on its impact on animal lives as well as an anthropocentric conception of nature and the non-human. Testifying to the artist's interest in the relationship be-tween beings and their habitat, I propose an analysis of some of the works in the series Espaces sans espèces (2019) and of the installation À perpétuité (2018) that question the current functioning of living conservation sites. Payette's questioning of zoos is linked to an antispeciesist consideration of non-human animals. Understood as the discrimination perpetrated against a being because it belongs to a particular spe-cies (Giroux 2020), speciesism engenders the systematic exploitation of non-human animals, whether to feed, clothe or entertain human beings. Drawing on the concept of antispeciesist aesthet-ic (Van Der Donckt 2016), which aims to consider artistic practices that question the relationship of domination of human beings over animals, my thesis aims to demonstrate how Payette, through a multitude of aesthetic strategies, makes the speciesism present within zoos visible. Considering the zoo as dispositif (Estebanez 2010), my dissertation focuses on both animal presence and absence in Payette’s works: in the first instance, animal presence shows the psychopathological consequences of the captive state associated with the zoo on the animals, notably through the presence of stereotypies (Marino 2018). Secondly, the absence of animals shows the plasticity of the zoological space, where the living becomes spectacle (Ramade 2019). Across her study of zoos, Payette highlights the various ethical issues raised by the use of animals by humans for entertainment purposes.

Ma thèse porte sur l’évolution de la réception des chevaux dans l’art européen du XVIIIe siècle à aujourd’hui. En examinant minutieusement des œuvres d’artistes tels que Rosa Bonheur, George Stubbs, Sawrey Gilpin, Pablo Picasso, Art Orienté Objet et plusieurs autres, dans des contextes artistiques variés – peinture, dessin, sculpture, bioart ou encore danse –, j’entends démontrer que les façons de voir (ou de ne pas voir) les chevaux dans toute leur complexité sont historiquement limitatives et changeantes. Selon une approche transdisciplinaire, ma recherche combine l’histoire de l’art animalier, les études animales, ma formation en beaux-arts, et une vaste expérience sur le terrain auprès des chevaux. Elle cherche également à modifier et à nuancer les lectures contemporaines de l’art mettant en scène des chevaux, en plus de proposer des façons alternatives, plus accueillantes, d’écrire au sujet de cet Autre. La première moitié de la thèse se concentre sur la façon dont le cheval a été représenté dans l’art aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, tandis que la seconde moitié, qui couvre les XXe et XXIe siècles, poursuit ce thème en mettant en exergue les pratiques d’écriture au sujet des œuvres d’art représentant les chevaux et la façon dont elles ont souvent été inhospitalières. Cherchant à dépasser le dualisme linguistique actuel au sein de la discipline pour décrire les dynamiques interespèces, cette thèse propose des avenues de réflexion innovantes sur le binaire cheval/humain, qui ont puisé dans des ressources inusitées en histoire de l’art, soit les idées de la déconstruction en lien avec les animaux, où la notion d’hospitalité est particulièrement importante. Puisque l’historienne de l’art dispose d’une certaine latitude quant à la structuration de « l’histoire qu’elle raconte », les récits de la thèse sont transmis de manière à être plus empathiques aux réalités équines. Dans cette veine, l’ambition globale de ma thèse est de mettre l’accent sur l’importance de conscientiser le regard posé sur l’œuvre d’art équine ou équestre et sur les responsabilités de l’auteur, de manière à sensibiliser le regardeur à des responsabilités relevant de l’éthique interespèces. Chaque cheval est unique, physiquement et psychologiquement. À l’intérieur d’une pratique qui souhaite étudier l’art qui le représente, (re)connaître la valeur singulière de cet Autre impose des défis particuliers. Aujourd’hui, les contacts avec les chevaux sont pour la majorité des historiens de l’art inexistants, ce qui engendre généralement une vision et une compréhension plus superficielle de l’Autre. Ma thèse apporte de nouvelles perspectives aux débats contemporains sur les possibilités de voir les chevaux dans l’art et sur les paramètres à prendre en compte pour le faire, et elle fournit des modèles potentiels quant à la manière d’écrire sur cet Autre en tant qu’être familier. Bien que mon sujet soit les chevaux dans l’art et dans les écrits sur l’art, les interprétations que je développe ici ont une résonance et une pertinence plus larges, notamment pour les études animales. / My thesis considers the shifting reception of equine themed European art from the 18th Century to today. Through a series of close readings of works encompassing diverse media such as painting, drawing, sculpture, bio art and dance, by artists including Rosa Bonheur, George Stubbs, Sawrey Gilpin, Pablo Picasso and Art Orienté Objet, I demonstrate that the ways horses have been seen (or not seen) in all their complexity are historically contingent and changeable. My transdisciplinary approach combines insights from the history of animal art, animal studies, my training in fine art and my substantial practical knowledge of actual horses gleaned from my time teaching bareback riding and rehabilitating horses suffering from physical and psychological trauma. As well as seeking to shift and nuance contemporary readings of art featuring horses, I also strive to develop a mode of writing about horses that is more welcoming to this Other, the horse, than many previous art historical analyses. The first half of the thesis focusses on how horses were represented in 18th and 19th century European art. The second half considers 20th century and 21st century art and also examines how ways of writing about horses in art history have been restrictive and unwelcoming. I seek to move beyond the dualistic language conventionally employed by art history to refer to equine subject matter because it constrains efforts to rethink interspecies dynamics and impedes attempts to reconceptualise the horse/human binary. My attempts to transcend dualism have required me to engage with deconstruction, a way of thinking rarely embraced by art history. In this context, the notion of hospitality has been particularly important. As art historians possess a measure of agency regarding the structuring of the stories they tell, my own endeavours are organized around the need to show empathy towards horses in their lived reality. In this vein, the overarching concern of my thesis is to emphasize the need for a critically reflexive way of looking at art with equine subject matter, one that foregrounds the viewer’s and the writer’s responsibilities in relation to interspecies ethics. Every horse is physically and psychologically unique and acknowledging this singularity, the singularity of an Other, as it manifests in and through representation, poses specific challenges. Today most art historians have no day-to-day knowledge of horses, a reality that leads to a superficial and unempathic perception of this Other. My thesis, grounded in an intimate familiarity with equines, in lived experience, in fieldwork of a kind, contributes new insights to contemporary debates about the parameters and possibilities for seeing horses in art and provides potential models for how to write of this Other as a familiar. Although my subject is horses in art and in writings about art, the understandings I develop here have a broader resonance and relevance for animal studies.

Dans ce mémoire, je cherche à expliquer comment politiquement intégrer les générations futures et les animaux non humains. Pour ce faire, je revisite les débats en philosophie concernant la valeur intrinsèque, les théories de justice, les droits et la représentation politique. J’avance que ce qui a été réalisé concernant les générations futures peut servir à la cause des animaux non humains, et inversement. J’analyse ainsi ce qui rassemble ces sans-voix. Après leur avoir accordé une valeur intrinsèque et politique, je leur reconnais des droits à l’intégrité physique, la vie et la liberté. Je propose finalement les solutions qui peuvent servir à contourner le problème de leur non audibilité en démocratie. / In this M.A. research, I try to understand how to politically admit future generations and nonhuman animals. To do this, I analyze debates in philosophy about intrinsic value, theories of justice, rights and political representation. I suggest that what has been accomplished about future generations can serve to the animal cause and conversely. I review what brings together this voices-less. After I allowed them an intrinsic and political value, I recognize them with rights to physically integrity, life and liberty. Finally, I suggest solutions to by-pass the problem of non-audibility in democracy.

Dans ce mémoire, je cherche à déterminer pourquoi les animaux non humains ne sont pas considérés comme étant autonomes dans les théories libérales contemporaines. Pour ce faire, j’analyse deux conceptions traditionnelles de l’autonomie, soit l’autonomie en tant qu’agentivité morale et l’autonomie hiérarchique (en tant que capacité à agir selon ses désirs de second ordre), et je soutiens que ces deux conceptions ne réussissent pas à bien justifier le respect des choix personnels même chez les agents humains. J’avance que ces deux conceptions de l’autonomie mènent à des conclusions perfectionnistes et paternalistes à certains égards, ce qui est pourtant contraire à leur fonction. J’analyse ensuite quelques versions alternatives de l’autonomie qui ne reposent pas sur la possession de facultés morales ou rationnelles, avant de proposer une nouvelle conception de l’autonomie qui pourrait répondre aux problèmes soulevés et potentiellement reconnaître l’autonomie des animaux non humains. / In this M.A. research, I try to understand why nonhuman animals are not considered autonomous in the contemporary liberal theories. To do this, I analyze two main conceptions of autonomy, autonomy as moral agency and hierarchical autonomy (as the capacity to act according to second-order desires), and I argue that these conceptions both fail to justify the respect of personal choices even for human agents. I suggest that these two conceptions of autonomy lead to perfectionist and paternalist conclusions, although this is inconsistent with their function. I then review a few alternative versions of autonomy that do not rely on possessing moral or rational faculties, before sketching a new conception of autonomy that could answer the different issues raised during this research and potentially recognize the autonomy of nonhuman animals.

Dans ce mémoire, je cherche à déterminer pourquoi les animaux non humains ne sont pas considérés comme étant autonomes dans les théories libérales contemporaines. Pour ce faire, j’analyse deux conceptions traditionnelles de l’autonomie, soit l’autonomie en tant qu’agentivité morale et l’autonomie hiérarchique (en tant que capacité à agir selon ses désirs de second ordre), et je soutiens que ces deux conceptions ne réussissent pas à bien justifier le respect des choix personnels même chez les agents humains. J’avance que ces deux conceptions de l’autonomie mènent à des conclusions perfectionnistes et paternalistes à certains égards, ce qui est pourtant contraire à leur fonction. J’analyse ensuite quelques versions alternatives de l’autonomie qui ne reposent pas sur la possession de facultés morales ou rationnelles, avant de proposer une nouvelle conception de l’autonomie qui pourrait répondre aux problèmes soulevés et potentiellement reconnaître l’autonomie des animaux non humains. / In this M.A. research, I try to understand why nonhuman animals are not considered autonomous in the contemporary liberal theories. To do this, I analyze two main conceptions of autonomy, autonomy as moral agency and hierarchical autonomy (as the capacity to act according to second-order desires), and I argue that these conceptions both fail to justify the respect of personal choices even for human agents. I suggest that these two conceptions of autonomy lead to perfectionist and paternalist conclusions, although this is inconsistent with their function. I then review a few alternative versions of autonomy that do not rely on possessing moral or rational faculties, before sketching a new conception of autonomy that could answer the different issues raised during this research and potentially recognize the autonomy of nonhuman animals.

Cette thèse présente une analyse comparée des œuvres de deux écrivains contemporains, John Maxwell Coetzee (1940-), originaire d’Afrique du Sud, et Wu Ming-yi (1971-), de Taïwan, que l’on associe au genre de la « littérature écologique postcoloniale ». À partir de leurs travaux, cette thèse propose une étude interdisciplinaire couvrant trois dimensions de leurs travaux : la théorie, la politique et le littéraire. Les textes choisis pour l’analyse sont ceux qui cherchent à la fois à fournir une image dystopique de l’exploitation des environnements naturels et des êtres non-humains et à représenter l’oppression coloniale des peuples colonisés et de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles dans différentes parties du monde. En ce qui concerne la dimension théorique, la thèse aborde le questionnement suivant : comment la philosophie occidentale contemporaine prend en compte les animaux et les êtres écologiques (êtres non-humains et non-animaux), afin de reconsidérer la question plus générale de l’altérité. Quant à la dimension politique, la thèse adopte une posture philosophique afin de questionner les contextes historiques des pays postcoloniaux, notamment ceux de l’Afrique du Sud et de Taïwan. Enfin, la dimension littéraire examine les écrits de Coetzee et de Wu afin de montrer comment leurs textes décrivent l’« autre écologique » (ecological other) en tant que moyen pour lutter contre l’identité politique postcoloniale. / This thesis presents the literary works of two contemporary writers—John Maxwell Coetzee (1940-), originally from South Africa, and Wu Ming-yi (1971-) from Taiwan—whom it analyses as key exponents of postcolonial eco-literature. The thesis offers an interdisciplinary study of their works in their theoretical, political and literary aspects. The texts selected for analysis are those that seek to present a dystopian image of the exploited natural environment or nonhuman entities, while, at the same time, associating and articulating these representations with the suppressions and exploitations carried out within colonial frameworks in different parts of the world. As regards the theoretical perspective of the thesis, it addresses the subject of how contemporary continental philosophy takes nonhuman animals and other kinds of ecological beings into account and rethinks the philosophical question of the other. With respect to politics, it contextualises this philosophical questioning by looking at the history of various postcolonial countries, notably South Africa and Taiwan. Lastly, as far as literature is concerned, it examines the writings of Coetzee and Wu in order to show how their texts depict the ecological other as a way of contesting postcolonial identity politics.