The design of power amplifiers within a circuit simulator requires a good non-linear model that accurately predicts the electormagnetic behaviour of the power transistor. In recent years, a certain class of large signal frequency-dependent black-box behavioural modeling techniques known as Poly-Harmonic Distortion (PHD) models has been devised to mimic the non-linear unmatched RF transistor. These models promise a good prediction of the device behaviour under multi-harmonic periodic continuous wave inputs. This thesis describes the capabilities of the PHD modeling framework and the theoretical type of behaviour that it is capable of predicting. Specifically, the PHD framework cannot necessarily predict the response of a broadband aperiodic signal. This analysis will be performed by deriving the PHD modeling framework as a simplification of the Volterra series kernel functions under the assumption that the power transistor is operating under continuous periodic multi-harmonic voltage and current signals in a stable circuit. A PHD model will be seen as a set of describing functions that predict the response of the Device Under Test (DUT) for any given non-linear periodic continuous-wave inputs that have a specific fundamental frequency. Two popular implementations of PHD models that can be found in the literature are the X-parameter and Cardiff models. Each model formulates the describing functions of the general PHD model differently. The mathematical formulation of the X-parameter and Cardiff models will be discussed in order to provide a theoretical ground for comparing their robustness. The X-parameter model will be seen as the first-order Taylor series approximation of the PHD model describing functions around a Large Signal Operating Point (LSOP) of the device under test. The Cardiff large-signal model uses Fourier series coefficient functions that vary with the magnitude of the large signal(s) as the PHD model describing functions. This thesis will provide a breakdown of the measurement procedure required for the extraction of these models, the challenges involved in the measurement, as well as the mathematical extraction of the model coe cients from measurement data. As each of these models contain have extended versions that enhance the predictive capability of the model under stronger nonlinear modes of operation, a comparison is used to represent the cost of increasing model accuracy as a function of the increasing model complexity for each model. The order of complexity of each model can manifest itself in terms of the mathematical formulation, the number of parameters required and the measurement time that is required to extract each model for a given DUT. This comparison will fairly assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of each model.

Transport systems are essential to trade, globalisation, communication and other forms of interaction between people and societies (Banister, 2013). Yet they can also have negative impacts including decreased quality of life or health impacts arising from pollutants, environmental damage including climate change and a range of wider socio-economic effects (Glanz et al., 1990). Given that most car journeys are short however (57% of UK trips are under five miles), there is particular potential for active travel (i.e. walking and cycling) to both reduce the environmental externalities of modern transport systems and stimulate improved quality of life and societal wellbeing (Banister, 2013; Martin et al., 2014). Unfortunately, there is a paucity of robust evidence that examines how infrastructural interventions (i.e. those aimed at making the physical environment more conducive to active travel) actually impact on active travel levels in specific communities. In addition, there is very limited evidence of the wider effects that such interventions have on wellbeing and levels of happiness overtime. This thesis details mixed-method research undertaken in Cardiff, UK, during 2011/2012, which examined the impacts of a new piece of infrastructure - the Pont-y-Werin walking and cycling bridge - on the local community's levels of active travel and subjective wellbeing. It provides insights into the nature of constraints preventing travel behaviour change from taking place, and - through the use of the novel, 'Day Reconstruction Method' - into the consequences that different modes of travel can have for travel and wellbeing, including on moment-to-moment moods and emotions. Overall by contextualising and measuring and evaluating wellbeing, the research suggests that people experience less pleasant emotions during travel than when undertaking everyday activities, and also that for certain modes there is a decrease in happiness before and after travel compared to everyday activities. Additionally greater monitoring, evaluation and promotion of combined hard and soft measures - focusing on travel behaviour change - is needed alongside providing travellers with accessible information on the wellbeing impacts of different modes (Elvik, 2009).

Redeveloping centrally located waterfronts took of properly in the late 1990’s. Before that, the old brownfields were left untouched for years, often resulting in the connection between them and the city centre worsening. The thesis aims to explore strategies and approaches for waterfront developments. This was done by analysing the strategies used whilst planning the following three sites; Västra Hamnen in Malmö, Nordhavn in Copenhagen and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. In addition to this, a waterfront site in Gothenburg was chosen and used to put the theoretical discoveries into practice. The theoretical foundation is made up of a literature and document study, where the three case studies and the designated site acted as the main topics of research along with general information about waterfronts and architectural and cultural heritage. The case studies were analysed using a combination of field studies and a literature study. A matrix consisting of ten columns and four rows was created and used as a base for analysing the approaches of the three cities. The site analysis was done with the help of a document study and field study. Both field studies were executed using the method of walk-throughs. The thesis resulted in six suggestions for future actions when redeveloping waterfronts as well as an urban framework proposal. The results are meant to work as a basis for future projects. / Utvecklingen av centralt belägna hamnområden tog fart ordentligt under det sena 1990-talet. De gamla industriområdena hade innan dess inte prioriterats, något som ofta resulterade i att förbindelserna mellan dem och stadskärnan försämrades. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska strategier och tillvägagångssätt som används vid utveckling av hamnområden. Detta gjordes genom att analysera de strategier som använts under planeringsfasen av tre olika stadsdelar; Västra Hamnen i Malmö, Nordhavn i Köpenhamn och Cardiff Bay i Cardiff. Utöver detta valdes ett hamnområde ut i Göteborg som användes för att använda den teoretiska informationen i praktiken. Den teoretiska basen är uppbyggd av en litteratur- och dokumentstudie, där de tre stadsdelarna och den utvalda projektplatsen figurerade som de huvudsakliga forskningsobjekten, tillsammans med generell information om vattennära områden tillsammans med arkitektoniskt och kulturellt arv. De tre stadsdelarna analyserades med hjälp av fältstudier i kombination med en litteraturstudie. En matris med 10 olika teman skapades även för att bättre utforska dem. Analysen av projektplatsen genomfördes även den med hjälp av en dokumentstudie och fältstudier. Alla fältstudierna genomfördes genom att följa metoden för gåturer. Forskningen resulterade i framtagningen av sex stycken förslag på framtida åtgärder vid förnyelse av hamnmiljöer tillsammans med ett förslag för en urban struktur för Gullbergsvass. Resultaten är tänkta att användas som bas för fortsatta studier.

The aim of this thesis is to describe public librarianship in Great Britain, its organisation and the services. The practice way will be demonstrate on the public libraries in the cities of the four countries of the United Kingdom. The core of the thesis is devided into six main chapters. The brief history of the public librarianship will be introduce in the first chapter with focus on the first public libraries in the UK. The four main chapters analyse organisation and services of the public library networks of the cities - City of London Libraries, Cardiff's Libraries, Edinburgh City Libraries and Belfast NI Libraries. These four chapters describe and analyse organisation, services, equipment, culture events, libraries's PR. At the end of these chapters there are a summaries of the libraries's strenghts and weaknesses. In the last, summary chapter, there is a final analyse of all libraries services and organisation, there is also comparation and at least description how the british public libraries work. Demonstration of this will be shown on the public library network of the cities and on the model of typical british library. At the end there are advices for czech public libraries. [Authors' abstract]. Keywords: public librarianship, public libraries, services, Great Britain, United Kingdom,...

Background: It has been proved that bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) saves lives; however, which training method in CPR is most instructive and whether survival is affected by the training level of the bystander have not yet been fully described. Aim: To identify the factors that may affect 7th grade students’ acquisition of CPR skills during CPR training and their willingness to act, and to describe 30-day survival from outof- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after bystander CPR and the actions performed by laymen versus off-duty medically educated personnel. Methods: Studies I–III investigate a CPR training intervention given to students in 7th grade during 2013–2014. The classes were randomized to the main intervention: the mobile phone application (app) or DVD-based training. Some of the classes were randomized to one or several additional interventions: a practical test with feedback, reflection, a web course, a visit from elite athletes and automated external defibrillator (AED) training. The students’ practical skills, willingness to act and knowledge of stroke symptoms, symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and lifestyle factors were assessed directly after training and at 6 months using the Laerdal PC SkillReporting system (and entered into a modified version of the Cardiff test scoring sheet) and a questionnaire. The Cardiff test resulted in a total score of 12–48 points, and the questionnaire resulted in a total score of 0–7 points for stroke symptoms, 0–9 points for symptoms of AMI and 0– 6 points on lifestyle factors. Study IV is based on retrospective data from the national quality register, the Swedish registry of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 2010-2014. Results: A total of 1339 students were included in the CPR training intervention. The DVD-based group was superior to the app-based group in CPR skills, with a total score of 35 (SD 4.o) vs 33 (SD 4.2) points directly after training (p<0.001) and 33 (SD 4.0) vs 31 (SD 4.2) points at six months (p<0.001). Of the additional interventions, the practical test with feedback had the greatest influence regarding practical skills: at six months the intervention group scored 32 (SD 3.9) points and the control group (CPR only) scored 30 (SD 4.0) points (p<0.001). Reflection, the web course, visits from elite athletes and AED training did not further increase the students’ acquisition of practical CPR skills. The students who completed the web course Help-Brain-Heart received a higher total score for theoretical knowledge in comparison with the control group, directly after training: stroke 3.8 (SD 1.8) vs 2.7 (SD 2.0) points (p<0.001); AMI 4.0 (SD 2.0) vs 2.5 (SD 2.0) points (p<0.001); lifestyle factors 5.4 (SD 1.2) vs 4.5 (SD 2.0) points p<0.001. Most of the students (77% at 6 months), regardless of the intervention applied, expressed that they would perform both chest compressions and ventilations in a cardiac arrest (CA) situation involving a relative. If a stranger had CA, a significantly lower proportion of students (32%; p<0.001) would perform both compressions and ventilations. In this case, however, many would perform compressions only. In most cases of bystander-witnessed OHCA, CPR was performed by laymen. Off-duty health care personnel bystanders initiated CPR within 1 minute vs 2 minutes for laymen (p<0.0001). Thirty-day survival was 14.7% among patients who received CPR from laymen and 17.2% (p=0.02) among patients who received bystander CPR from off-duty health care personnel. Conclusions: The DVD-based method was superior to the app-based method in terms of teaching practical CPR skills to 7th grade students. Of the additional interventions, a practical test with feedback was the most efficient intervention to increase learning outcome. The additional interventions, reflection, web course, visit from elite athletes and AED did not increase CPR skills further. However, the web course Help-Brain-Heart improved the students’ acquisition of theoretical knowledge regarding stroke, AMI and lifestyle factors. For OHCA, off-duty health care personnel bystanders initiated CPR earlier and 30-day survival was higher compared with laymen bystanders.

This study examines the concepts of art, politics and art institution departing from three cases of exhibition situations at Moderna Museet in Stockholm, 1998–2008. The cases are considered in relation to different aspects of the museum’s identity as an art institution. The first case, the Pontus Hultén Study Gallery (2008–), is an interactive exhibition space containing 34 mechanical screens for displaying art. It is understood here as a comment on the museum’s identity as a collecting institution. The author critically analyses a number of common oppositions in avant-garde theory regarding museum culture, such as the museum as a place for passivity rather than activity, preservation rather than initiation, and ultimately death rather than life. The second case, the exhibition series Moderna Museet Projekt (1998–2001), was marked by the ambition to integrate artworks into contexts outside the physical museum building. Here case analyses focus on the distinction that the series established between art and a presumed alternative, such as life, reality, or politics. The third and last case, the sound installation Forty-Part Motet (2001) by Janet Cardiff, was installed in an exhibition space that actualised the ideals of the so-called white cube. In the institutional critique of the 1960s and 1970s, this exhibition space was dismissed as isolated and detached from society, an idea that is critically examined. Throughout the different case studies, spectator positions and potential agency are of particular concern. This thesis concludes that the concepts of art and politics are different permeable forms of experiences, visibilities and practices, that cross and intertwine. This conclusion is informed by Jacques Rancière’s notions of aesthetics and politics. In this reading, the art institution is not a barrier separating art from politics, reality or life, but nor is it a dead or deadening space. Rather, the art institution, as a social space and concept of art, is considered as intertwined with other forms of visibilities and experiences. Thus, regarded as a frame for a certain type of visibility, the art institution is capable of establishing a difference that is both unproblematic and urgent.

La recherche entreprise dans le cadre de cette thèse doctorale se veut une réflexion sur le travail des enseignantes et des aides-enseignantes d’une école primaire de langue galloise, à Cardiff, capitale du pays de Galles. Ce travail apparait marqué par des rapports de force entre la langue majoritaire (anglais) et la langue minoritaire (gallois), et s’inscrit dans un contexte sociétal de revendication et de reconnaissance de la langue en situation diglossique. Par l’entremise d’observations consignées dans un journal de bord réflexif et d’entretiens semi-dirigés, j’explore la façon dont ces membres du personnel de l’école contribuent à la (re)production de la langue et de la culture galloises. Plus précisément, j’appréhende leur travail au regard de deux dimensions de cette (re)production linguistique et culturelle, soit : les politiques linguistiques éducatives et la culture de l’école. Les résultats de cette enquête ethnographique, présentés dans le cadre d’articles scientifiques, mettent en évidence les voix et les perspectives des aides-enseignantes et enseignantes, encore trop peu présentes dans les travaux de recherche sur l’éducation en gallois. Le premier article vise à démontrer que le travail des enseignantes et des aides-enseignantes s’inscrit dans un processus dynamique de mise en oeuvre des politiques linguistiques éducatives. De fait, celles-ci sont en mesure d’adopter, de résister, de négocier, voire même de créer ces politiques au sein de l’école ou de la salle de classe. Leurs discours et leurs pratiques montrent qu’elles se questionnent quant à la place à accorder à la langue majoritaire, et qu’elles sont parfois à la recherche de compromis visant à mitiger les effets néfastes perçus à l’égard d’un règlement scolaire qui interdit l’usage de l’anglais. Le deuxième article de cette thèse explore la notion de la culture de l’école. Compte tenu de la prévalence de la langue anglaise à Cardiff et dans la plupart des foyers des élèves qui fréquentent cette école, les enseignantes et aides-enseignantes réalisent un important travail de valorisation de la langue et de la culture galloises. En s’appropriant la mission de l’école et en perpétuant des traditions et rituels, elles contribuent à façonner la culture de l’école d’une manière qui permet aux élèves d’évoluer dans un cadre à la fois communautaire et familial, ancré dans la langue et la culture galloises. Enfin, par l’entremise du troisième article, l’ensemble des données de cette étude sont mises en relation avec mon parcours de chercheure franco-ontarienne, confrontée aux défis de l’apprentissage d’une langue et de l’ethnographie en milieu non familier. Je pose un regard critique sur mon positionnement d’Insider/Outsider en exposant tant les aspects qui provoquent un rapprochement au terrain que ceux qui entraînent une distance avec celui-ci. Il s’agit, entre autres, d’un aller-retour entre ma familiarité avec le contexte sociétal de la langue au pays de Galles, qui s’apparente à celui de l’Ontario français, et le sentiment d’éloignement provoqué par mon immersion dans un milieu scolaire entièrement gallois. Cette ethnographie se veut à la fois une enquête sur le rôle des enseignantes et des aides-enseignantes dans la (re)production de la langue et de la culture galloises, et un examen de ce que signifie mener une ethnographie dans un contexte linguistique minoritaire autre que celui auquel appartient la chercheure.

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The present thesis investigates the music and career of Jeffrey Lewis (born 1942). The thesis is broadly divided into three sections. First is an account of the composer’s life, told mainly through an overview of his works, but also through a sketch of his early years in South Wales, his studies in Cardiff, Darmstadt, Kraków and Paris, his academic career in Leeds and Bangor, and his subsequent early retirement from academia. There follows a more detailed study of six works from the period 1978 – 1985, during which certain features of Lewis’s musical language came to the fore, perhaps most notably a very individual and instantly recognisable use of modal language. After an Epilogue, the thesis concludes with an Appendix in the form of a Catalogue in which all Lewis’s known compositions are listed, together with details of performances, broadcasts and recordings. Lewis’s music often plays with our temporal expectations; the close interrelationship between texture, structure, harmony and melody, and its effect upon our perception of the passage of time, are explored in the main analyses. These are conducted partly by means of comparison with other works by Lewis or his contemporaries. Memoria is examined in relation to a similarly tranquil score, Naaotwá Lalá, by Giles Swayne. The following chapter discusses the extra-musical inspiration for Epitaph for Abelard and Heloise, whose relationship to Tableau is then explored in the next. The difficulties of creating a large-scale structure that unifies the work’s various harmonic elements are also investigated. The analysis of Carmen Paschale considers it in relation to Lewis’s other choral music, whilst the final analytical chapter compares and contrasts two three-movement works, the Piano Trio and the Fantasy for solo piano. Lewis’s melodic writing in the Piano Trio is discussed in relation to that of James MacMillan, and the origins of the first movement of Fantasy in Oliver Knussen’s Sonya’s Lullaby are explored. In the Epilogue, the possible reasons for Lewis’s current neglect are explored, various influences on Lewis’s musical thinking are laid out, and his achievements are assessed.