自十八世紀工業革命發生後，西方社會產生了急遽的變化。新的生產方式必需要有新知識與新技術的人才加以配合，這也使得西方的人才培育有了新的發展方向，職業教育(Vocational Education)即是因應此種環境下所產生的教育體制。 十九世紀中葉後，中國在內外交侵的情況下，社會經濟文化等各方面也開始了一連串的變動，新的觀念不斷衝擊著傳統中國，舊有的教育制度受到抨擊，新的人才觀念因應而起，實業教育也在一連串的改革變動中被帶進中國來。實業教育的推展主要目標在使中國經濟得到發展，國家得以因此富強，但此套制度的推行後卻發現整體社會經濟並未隨之發展，反而出現人才不能為社會所用的窘境，以教育作為社會引導的理想顯然未能實現。在實業教育倍受檢討的過程中，開始有知識分子提出職業教育的理念，認為教育推行應該要符合社會現狀，個人生計滿足後社會經濟才得以發展。從實業教育轉化為職業教育代表著知識分子對於教育與社會發展關係已有不同看法。本文藉由晚清實業觀念與實業教育思想的提出，藉以瞭解近代中國對於社會經濟觀念的轉變；同時也藉由實業學堂的設置及畢業生出路情形，對於教育與社會發展之間的關係進行討論，並以日本實業教育發展做為參酌，將兩者關係進行更深入的了解。 / After the Industrial Revolution occurred in 18th Century, western society had been changed abruptly. New manufacture mechanism required new knowledge and new techniques cooperated. It conducted the western countries a new direction of talent cultivation. After the middle period of 19th century, China suffered from the upheaval caused by both homeland and foreign countries. The late empire was impelled to begin a series of alteration. Meanwhile, as the influences of western ideology, the traditional education system was getting criticism. The society needed all kinds of talents, therefore, the industrial education was conducted to improve the occasion. The intellectuals relied on the developing of industrial education to save empire, not only for the heavy industry but also the light one, thus the economics of the country could be improved. But the results fell short of expectations. Many graduates of industrial schools could not find jobs and also the economics did not have bettered. The ideal that the new educational system implemented in order to elevate the development of country economics was disillusioned. In this situation, some intellectuals changed their avocation from industrial education to vocational education, which emphasizes the importance of the consistency between educational practice and social demands. And the country economics would grow up after the people could satisfy their livelihood. Because of the transition from industrial education to vocational education, it represented the Chinese intellectuals had had different mind on the relationship between the development of modern society and education implement.

現今的時代，面對全球化的競爭態勢、新興市場崛起、能源危機與金融風暴等因素，台灣的企業在大環境不斷變化之下，掌握市場發展動態，即時回應客戶需求，不斷創新產品與服務，是企業維持競爭優勢不二法門。 ERP隨著軟體技術突破和產業生態蛻變的歷程，其系統面貌也隨之轉換，因此ERP不再只是企業功能的資訊化與經營化，更是科技創新的礎石。許多企業將ERP系統當作企業電子化的基礎，更進一步整合其他的資訊系統，如電子商務(EC)、供應鏈管理(SCM)系統、客戶關係管理(CRM)系統、知識管理系統(KMS)、商業智慧(BI)等。 在現今2010年的後金融海嘯時代，當金融海嘯衝擊以後, 各項國內外經濟評估報告均指出經濟已開始復甦，此刻正是企業重整旗鼓逆勢成長的最佳時刻。對於企業來說，企業資源整合管理的落實不僅是其永續經營的成功關鍵，甚至是其生存的命脈。這也是為什麼在經濟不景氣的環境下，仍有許多企業決心導入ERP系統，以及許多國內外調查報告預測ERP系統的需求與產值仍然會持續成長的主要原因。 本研究的動機之一，即是希望企業在經歷產業變化、策略變動與業務規模的改變之下，如果重新評估ERP系統的適用性，不論是ERP系統需做重新建置或階段性轉換，皆可從不同角度重新探討ERP系統開發與導入過 程的重要策略，而能建置一套對企業真正有效益的ERP系統。 許多企業在發展ERP系統的過程中，都以工程與技術的角度去規劃ERP系統的導入，常會遇到預想不到的結果。對於ERP所涉及的企業流程，利害關係人，導入方法，及對業務流程與關係人的影響，企業導入ERP的策略等，需要做仔細的思考及規劃。 本研究發現在個案公司開發及導入ERP系統的過程中，遇到許多的瓶頸，也面臨了很多問題，導入過程中對企業組織產生了很多影響，改變了原有的作業流程，導入實施後增加許多效益，但某些部份仍需持續改進，ERP系統應確保做到系統整合，需重視細部流程整合方面的分析與資料整合方面的分析。找出ERP系統資料與流程之Gap，並應做到變革管理。 / Nowadays, Facing the globalized competition situation, the emerging markets rise, the energy crisis and the financial storm, Taiwan's enterprises is now under the changing and unceasing environment, the only way to hold on the competitive advantage of Taiwan’s enterprises continuously is to find out the market development tendency, and to response to customer demand immediately, and to innovate product and service unceasingly. The ERP system’s appearance had transformed along with the software technology breakthrough and industrial ecology change. Therefore ERP system is no longer only the enterprise computerize and management tools, ERP is even more the basis of the scientific technology innovation. Many company treat the ERP system as the basis of enterprise’s computerize, furthermore to integrate the ERP system with EC, SCM, CRM, KMS, BI……. In the Late-2010s financial crisis time, after the financial crisis, each domestic and foreign economic appraisal report pointed out that the economy started to recover, It’s the best time to restart and grow up at this moment. The realization of the Enterprise resources integration is not only the key successful factor but also the survival life artery. This is why so many enterprises were still determined to implement the ERP System under the economical depression time, and as well as many domestic and foreign invested report forecast that ERP system's demand and the output value will still continue to grow up. One of this research's motivation, is hopes to re-estimate the important strategy of the ERP implementation from the different point of view, hopes to establish the beneficial ERP system. To review the suitability of the ERP System when the enterprises under the industry change, strategy change and business scale changes, no matter to build a new ERP System or ERP system phase transforming, Many enterprises plan the ERP project by the engineering and technical view, It will always occur the unexpected result. It needs to make the careful considering and plans to all the ERP involves, include the business flows, the stake holders, the implemented methodology, the influence, and the implemented strategy…. This research discovery that while the case company developed and implemented ERP system has meets many bottlenecks, and also has faced many problems. It has had many influences to the enterprise organize while implement the ERP system, It has changed the original business flow, and increases many benefits, But still need to continued improved, The ERP system should assured to realize the system integrated, to pay more attention to the analysis of micro process integration and data integration, find out the gap and do the changing management well.

Babies born prematurely are deprived of normal sensorimotor stimulation when placed in an artificial environment, the incubator. The aim of this project was to design a series of products that could promote the baby’s emotional and neurological development, and to facilitate parental bonding.  The products designed in this project has a theoretical basis on the research available today on cognitive and emotional development in children born prematurely. They were developed in close cooperation with a group of parents and nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit. Presence is a product collection for developmental care, consisting of a mattress, a figure and a necklace. The mattress has vibration sensors that transfer the mother’s heart beat and speakers with recorded heartbeat and her voice. The figure in silicone is designed for sensorimotor stimulation and can be together with the child in the incubator. The figure wears a cloth with mother’s scent. The cloth can be worn by parent in a necklace made of silicone.

A globalização e a intensa competitividade dos mercados, as altas taxas de obsolescência dos produtos e as mudanças rápidas nas demandas dos consumidores têm forçado as empresas a repensarem seus processos de negócios e assim superarem os desafios para sua sobrevivência. O processo de desenvolvimento de produto é tido como um processo de negócio chave para qualquer empresa que queira ser competitiva. A formalização do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos não garante por si só a vantagem competitiva de uma empresa, mas sua ausência é, sem dúvida, um fator de desvantagem. Apesar de não existir um processo padrão a ser seguido nessa área, existem estudos e propostas para isso, tanto de cunho mais acadêmico, como comercial. As empresas, principalmente brasileiras, por não possuírem uma cultura forte nessa área, tendem a adaptar seus processos, ou adotar o padrão proposto pelo mercado dentro da cadeia de suprimentos que está inserida. Essa pesquisa apresenta um estudo desenvolvido dentro de uma cadeia fornecedora do setor automotivo, onde é analisado o grau de alinhamento dos processos de desenvolvimento de produtos de empresas desse setor, em relação a dois modelos referenciais, a saber: o Modelo Unificado de PDP proposto por Rozenfeld et al. (2006) e o modelo APQP adotado pelo mercado. O processo de comparação foi realizado identificando os modelos de PDP utilizados pelas empresas e em seguida comparando as fases e etapas presentes nos dois modelos referenciais. Quatro empresas da cadeia automotiva pesada, de implementos rodoviários, foram estudadas. A pesquisa revelou um alto grau de alinhamento com o modelo de mercado APQP e um bom alinhamento com o modelo acadêmico, evidenciando um grau de maturidade dessas empresas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-20T18:11:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Esequiel de Mello.pdf: 1843538 bytes, checksum: 6dfe29bd6d2d9ef2f4d12c5838b5745d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T18:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Esequiel de Mello.pdf: 1843538 bytes, checksum: 6dfe29bd6d2d9ef2f4d12c5838b5745d (MD5) / The globalisation and the intense competitive markets, the high rates of obsolescence of products and the quick changes in consumer demands have forced companies to rethink their business processes and thus overcome the challenges to their survival. The developing product process is taken as a business process key to any company that wants to be competitive. The formalization of the development products process not in itself guarantees the company competitive advantage, but his absence is undoubtedly a factor of disadvantage. Even if there is a standard procedure to be followed in this area, there are studies and proposals for this, both of spilling more academic, and commercial. The companies, mainly Brazil, for lack of a strong culture in this area, tend to adapt their processes, or adopting the standard proposed by the market within the supply chain that is inserted. This survey presents a study developed within a chain supplier of automotive sector, where we examined the degree of alignment with the development products process of companies in this industry, regarding two benchmarks models, namely the Unified PDP Model proposed by Rozenfeld et al. (2006) and APQP Model adopted by the market. The comparison process was made identifying the PDP models used by companies and then comparing the phases and stages in two benchmarks models. Four companies in the automotive heavy chain, implements road, were studied. The survey revealed a high degree of alignment with the model of market APQP and a good alignment with the academic model, showing a degree of maturity of these companies.

Detta är en studie om de språkliga konflikter som pedagoger till arabisktalande elever upplever i matematikundervisningen. Det har visat sig vara ett problematiskt fenomen då det svenska språket är en central del av matematikundervisningen idag och därför kan vara svårt för andraspråkselever att kunna förankra och uttrycka sina kunskaper i matematik. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka språkliga anpassningar i matematik pedagoger anser sig göra för andraspråkselever. Detta har undersökts genom kvalitativa intervjuer av två verksamma pedagoger med arabisktalande elever i årskurs 3. För att undersöka och förklara hur pedagoger förstår och upplever fenomenet kring matematikunder-visning och andraspråkselever har en fenomenologisk teoriansats använts. Resultatet presenteras med hjälp av tidigare forskning och därmed sker analysen parallellt för att ge tydlighet och läsvänlighet. De slutsatser som kunnat dras utifrån studiens resultat är att språkutvecklande arbete är av stor vikt vid arbetet med andraspråkselever i matematik. / It is a study about pedagogue’s perception of the linguistic conflicts that Arabic speaking pupil expe-riences in the education of mathematics. It has been known that the Swedish language is a primal part of the education in math and therefor it becomes a problematic phenomenon. This difficulties appears because second language pupils have to show their mathematic knowledge and understanding in a foreign language. This purpose of this essay’s to examine and explain how pedagogues accommodate math education and how they experiences and work with math education and second language pupils. To examine the purpose of this study two qualitative interweaves has been done with two pedagogues who teaches Arabic speaking pupils (among others) in third grade. To examine and explain how these two pedagogues understands and experiences this phenomenon about math second languages pupils and math education has a phenomenological theory been used. The result of this study is represent in guidance with the previous science to analyze it’s outcome. This because to create lucidness in the text and to make it more readable. The conclusion that can been drawn from the result of this essay is that language developing work in mathematics education is an important and crucial part for second language pupils ability to success.

First part: The theory of appraisal system,key performance criteria,develop appraisal measures. Second part: Analyze of performance appraisal in ČEZ, a.s.company, employees' interview and conduct next performance appraisal, conclusion and recommendations.

A globalização e a intensa competitividade dos mercados, as altas taxas de obsolescência dos produtos e as mudanças rápidas nas demandas dos consumidores têm forçado as empresas a repensarem seus processos de negócios e assim superarem os desafios para sua sobrevivência. O processo de desenvolvimento de produto é tido como um processo de negócio chave para qualquer empresa que queira ser competitiva. A formalização do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos não garante por si só a vantagem competitiva de uma empresa, mas sua ausência é, sem dúvida, um fator de desvantagem. Apesar de não existir um processo padrão a ser seguido nessa área, existem estudos e propostas para isso, tanto de cunho mais acadêmico, como comercial. As empresas, principalmente brasileiras, por não possuírem uma cultura forte nessa área, tendem a adaptar seus processos, ou adotar o padrão proposto pelo mercado dentro da cadeia de suprimentos que está inserida. Essa pesquisa apresenta um estudo desenvolvido dentro de uma cadeia fornecedora do setor automotivo, onde é analisado o grau de alinhamento dos processos de desenvolvimento de produtos de empresas desse setor, em relação a dois modelos referenciais, a saber: o Modelo Unificado de PDP proposto por Rozenfeld et al. (2006) e o modelo APQP adotado pelo mercado. O processo de comparação foi realizado identificando os modelos de PDP utilizados pelas empresas e em seguida comparando as fases e etapas presentes nos dois modelos referenciais. Quatro empresas da cadeia automotiva pesada, de implementos rodoviários, foram estudadas. A pesquisa revelou um alto grau de alinhamento com o modelo de mercado APQP e um bom alinhamento com o modelo acadêmico, evidenciando um grau de maturidade dessas empresas. / The globalisation and the intense competitive markets, the high rates of obsolescence of products and the quick changes in consumer demands have forced companies to rethink their business processes and thus overcome the challenges to their survival. The developing product process is taken as a business process key to any company that wants to be competitive. The formalization of the development products process not in itself guarantees the company competitive advantage, but his absence is undoubtedly a factor of disadvantage. Even if there is a standard procedure to be followed in this area, there are studies and proposals for this, both of spilling more academic, and commercial. The companies, mainly Brazil, for lack of a strong culture in this area, tend to adapt their processes, or adopting the standard proposed by the market within the supply chain that is inserted. This survey presents a study developed within a chain supplier of automotive sector, where we examined the degree of alignment with the development products process of companies in this industry, regarding two benchmarks models, namely the Unified PDP Model proposed by Rozenfeld et al. (2006) and APQP Model adopted by the market. The comparison process was made identifying the PDP models used by companies and then comparing the phases and stages in two benchmarks models. Four companies in the automotive heavy chain, implements road, were studied. The survey revealed a high degree of alignment with the model of market APQP and a good alignment with the academic model, showing a degree of maturity of these companies.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys kan användas för att föreslå en hållbar lokalisering av ny bebyggelse på landsbygd. Covid-19 pandemin har utmanat invanda beteendemönster och värderingar. Social distansering och att arbeta på distans har blivit det nya normala och det finns anledning att tro att distansarbete kommer att vara mer accepterat även efter det att pandemin är över. Redan innan pandemin fanns en svagt uppåt-gående trend med befolkningsökning i tätortsnära landsbygdssamhällen. Om attraktionen för bostäder inom tätortsnära landsbygdssamhällen ökar blir det viktigt att fundera på hur en nyetablering av bebyggelse kan ske på ett så håll-bart sätt som möjligt. En fallstudie genomfördes över ett mindre landsbygds-samhälle med fokus på att identifiera utmaningar ur hållbarhetssynpunkt och vilka kriterier som är viktiga att beakta vid lokalisering av nya bostäder. Plats-analys, enkät och intervju användes för att välja ut kriterier till den GIS-baserade multikriterieanalysen och för att utvärdera resultatet. En enklare känslighetsanalys genomfördes för att bedöma om den valda metoden var robust och vilken inverkan de olika kriterierna och deras viktning hade på slut-resultatet. Fem platser med en area större än 1000 m² pekades ut i analysen som de bäst lämpade platserna för lokalisering av nya bostäder. Vid utvärde-ringen av platserna i verkligheten visade sig samtliga ha brister som förbisetts i analysen. När slutresultatet vidgades till att inkludera även de näst bästa plat-serna uppvisade flera av platserna potential för etablering av nya bostäder. Slutsatsen av studien var att GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys innebär många osäkerhetsfaktorer och att det är viktigt att valet av kriterier anpassas till för-utsättningarna inom studieområdet för att resultatet ska bli tillförlitligt. Resul-tatet från GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys behöver utvärderas noggrant och be-slutsfattare bör inte enbart koncentrera sig på platserna med de högsta värdena i analysen utan behålla ett bredare perspektiv och även utvärdera de näst bästa platserna. Ett spektrum av kriterier som inbegriper såväl miljömässiga som so-ciala och ekonomiska aspekter av hållbarhet ökar förutsättningarna för att den föreslagna lokaliseringen ska bli så hållbar som möjligt. GIS-baserad multi-kriterieanalys kan, rätt använd, vara ett värdefullt verktyg för att hitta en så hållbar lokalisering som möjligt för nya bostäder på landsbygd. / The aim of the study was to examine how GIS-based multicriteria analysis can be used to propose a sustainable location for new buildings in rural areas. The Covid-19 pandemic has challenged behavior patterns and values. Social distancing and remote work have become the new normal and there is reason to believe that remote working will be more accepted when the pandemic is over. There was an upward trend of population growth in rural communities close to urban areas even before the Covid-19 pandemic. If the attraction for housing in rural communities increases, it will be important to consider how a new establishment of buildings can take place in a sustainable way. A case study was conducted over a small rural community. Focus for the study was identification of challenges from a sustainability point of view and conside-ration of the most important criteria when locating new houses. Place ana-lysis, questionnaire and interview were methods used to select criteria for the GIS-based multicriteria analysis, and evaluation of the results. A simplified sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the chosen method and impact of criteria weighting on the result. Five sites with an area larger than 1000 m² were pointed out in the analysis as the most suitable for new housing. In the evaluation of the sites, they all turned out to have short-comings that were overlooked in the analysis. When the result was expanded to include even the second-best places, several of the places showed potential for new housing establishment. The conclusion of the study was that GIS-based multicriteria analysis involves many uncertainty factors and study area conditions must be considered then criteria choices are made for the result to be reliable. The result of the analysis needs to be carefully evaluated and de-cision-makers should not only concentrate on the places with the highest value in the analysis but maintain a broader perspective and evaluate the second-best places as well. A criteria spectrum including both environmental, social, and economic aspects of sustainability increase the probability for the proposed locations to be truly sustainable. GIS-based multi-criteria analysis can be a valuable tool in finding a location as sustainable as possible for new housing in rural areas, if used correctly.

This study concerns the identification of the particular competences required by education, training and development practitioners (ETD practitioners) in the South African National Defence Force to develop suitable and appropriate career and training strategies. An applied research approach and a primarily quantitative approach were used. Questionnaires were completed by the commanding officers or the training managers, as well as the ETD practitioners at the education, training and development providers in the South African National Defence Force to determine the actual utilisation of ETD practitioners. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the roles, core competences, levels of competences and clusters of competences required by ETD practitioners in the South African National Defence Force. In addition, the actual utilisation of ETD practitioners was compared with a proposed competence profile that was based on the literature study in order to determine the competence gap that has to be addressed by means of career and training strategies. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.(Didactics)

This thesis reflects on how to develop an African leadership that can contribute to the effective transformation of the African continent. After analysing the concept of leadership and categorising it for better understanding, the mission of the church as a developer of leaders par excellence has been examined and its potentials and limits assessed. Then, the thesis studied the specific extent of poor African leadership and its dire socio-political consequences in a sub-Saharan African country; so, the context of DR Congo was analysed. After that the contribution of the notion of African Renaissance to the whole debate of leadership development in Africa was assessed and the social, economic and political climate of the continent analysed. The poor and deficient African leadership has been identified as the main cause of rampant conflicts and wars, a slow economic development and lack of transformation in the continent. Given that church leadership seemed so poor and inefficient, the thesis has recommended that the African church needed primarily to transform its own leadership to be able to effectively develop transformational political leadership. The analysis of African institutions already involved in the development of an African leadership for socio-political transformation has shown that Christianising African leadership and socio-political institutions alone was not enough. So, the thesis has proposed a comprehensive socio-political discipleship for the transformation of both individuals and their communities. In a nutshell, the discipleship includes a socio-political intercession1, a four-dimensional discipleship, a socio-political psychotherapy and a church involvement project for socio-political transformation. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology, with specialisation in Urban Ministry)