The purpose of this study was to explore the processes of hope in informal caregivers of palliative patients. Interviews were conducted with caregivers who were living with and currently providing care to a palliative patient at home. Saturation was reached with 10 caregivers, five females and five males, from 2 cities in Saskatchewan, Canada. <p>The design of this qualitative study was Glasers (2001) grounded theory. Broad, unstructured face to face audio taped interviews were conducted in the participants homes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant-comparative method of analysis in order to identify the main concern of the participants related to hope, and the basic social processes used to resolve that concern. <p>Eroding hope was the main concern relating to hope during caregiving for a palliative patient. Eroding hope was a result of bad days, negative messages, and experiences with the health care system. The participants deal with eroding hope by using the basic social process of hanging on to hope. Hanging on to hope has 4 sub-processes: a)doing what you have to do, b)living in the moment, c)staying positive, and d)writing your own story. The support of friends, family, and health care professionals and connecting with something bigger and stronger were sub-processes of hanging on to hope that together directly affect the other sub-processes.<p>The findings of this study have direct application for the care and support of informal caregivers providing palliative care at home, as a basis for assessment and interventions that will assist caregivers to hang on to hope. Nurses and other health care professionals need to recognize and value the experience of hope for caregivers by addressing, teaching, and reinforcing the sub-processes and ways of hanging on to hope into their practice.

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La tesis tiene dos partes. La primera parte desarrolla un modelo para evaluar los efectos del comercio internacional al crecimiento de economías en transito. Identifica desventaja del argumento "Infant Industry" que ha sido inadvertido previamente: proteccionismo puede reducir el crecimiento al largo plazo sí reduce la demanda local de bienes con altas potenciales de crecimiento en la productividad. Además, analiza los efectos de competencia internacional entre las economías en transito. Puede mostrar que ellos están empujados arriba la escala de cualidad de productos disfrutando crecimiento.La segunda parte analiza subsidios en acuerdos comerciales. El óptimo de los sostenibles acuerdos incluye subsidios de sectores ineficientes. Cuando al ventaja comparativa crece, industrias diminuyendo están protegidos. Presupuestos claves para esos resultados son esencialidad de los bienes importados y flexibilidad de la estructura industrial. Es mostrado que bajo una estructura industrial más rígida, subsidios los sectores de competencia de importes desestabiliza loa acuerdos comerciales. / The thesis has two parts. The first develops a model to assess the effects of trade integration on the income growth in developing countries. The model identifies a drawback of the infant industry argument, previously unnoticed: protectionism can decrease long-run growth by reducing local demand for goods with high potentials of productivity growth. Second, it addresses the effects of competition among developing countries. It is shown that developing economies can be pushed up the production ladder and enjoy increased long-run growth.The second part analyzes subsidies in trade agreements. Optimal self-enforcing trade agreement includes subsidies to inefficient sectors. When comparative advantage deepens, declining industries are optimally subsidized. Key assumptions driving these results are essentiality of imported goods and a high flexibility of the countries' industrial structure. It is finally shown that that under rigid industrial structure subsidizing import competing sectors actually destabilizes trade agreements.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 andrekitaharaturma2004.pdf.jpg: 11588 bytes, checksum: cbc5e333573c742bd52864288a94667f (MD5) andrekitaharaturma2004.pdf: 562754 bytes, checksum: 6cc4c9638200f54cfb2ba073fa6c64d5 (MD5) andrekitaharaturma2004.pdf.txt: 58696 bytes, checksum: 5701a6ee0c061a04665a66a87e5f88d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-06T00:00:00Z / O presente trabalho utiliza a teoria do crescimento econômico a fim de analisar a relação das taxas de investimento em capital fixo e a evolução da produtividade total dos fatores no Brasil a partir de 1950 ate 2005. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas abordam-se os estudos de Romer, Arrow, Pires, Solow se apresenta conceitos como o "learning by doing", "spillovers" e decomposição da produtividade a fim de embasar teoricamente o estudo. As pesquisas apontam a importância da variável eficiência sobre a produtividade total dos fatores no caso brasileiro, principalmente durante os anos de incidência de inflação elevada. A metodologia aplicada no trabalho se utiliza dos dados coletados junto ao IPEAdata e Pen World Tables para formação bruta de capital fixo, produto interno bruto e dados populacionais para o cálculo da produtividade total dos fatores seguindo a metodologia proposta por Solow. Utilizam-se os dados calculados para se extrair uma relação matemática entre a produtividade total dos fatores e ao nível de estoque de capital físico. O estudo comprova a relação entre a produtividade e o investimento em capital físico, também fica demonstrada a grande importância da eficiência sobre a produtividade no caso brasileiro. / This work uses the theory of economic development to analyze the relation between capital investment and total factor productivity in the Brazilian economy from 1950 to 2005. Using bibliographic research are found studies of Romer, Arrow, Pires, Solow and present concepts like ìlearning by doingî, ìspilloversî and decomposition of productivity aiming to create some foundation to the study. The research point out the importance of the efficiency over total factor productivity in the Brazilian case, principally over the years of high inflation rates. The applied methodology uses data collected on the IPEAdata database to physical capital formation, gross domestic product, and demographic data to calculate the total factor productivity under Solowës method. The study uses data calculated to extract a mathematical relation between total factor productivity and the level of physical capital. The study shows that in Brazil this relation between investment and productivity do exists and shows also great relevance of efficiency over productivity in the Brazilian case.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of sport and doing sports as a high-quality content of free time. The first part of the work characterises terms such as free time, doing sport in free time (recreation sport). It is focused on the influence of spending free time actively and on the effect of sports on the lifestyle of the individual and his life. The second part deals with the term offer of the sport activities, it characterises the particular subjects working in the area of free time in town Jičín and it tries to chart offers of the free time sport activities which are created by these subjects. The third part focuses on media and its function in society, the term advertisement, it also follows up the use of media by the particular subjects which make the offer of the free time sport activities.

This thesis deals with terms like experience and experiential learning in publications by John Dewey. The aim of this thesis is to find out how John Dewey works with issues of experiential learning. The thesis is structured in six main chapters. Each chapter is relevant to one Dewey´s book, which is related to experiential learning theory. In the first chapter, there are general thoughts of experiential learning from Experience and Nature. In the second chapter, Art as Experience is analysed, in which Dewey researches experience connected with art and aesthetics. The third chapter presents an analysis of The Child and The Curriculum, focused on curriculum from the point of experimental learning. The fourth chapter is concerned with The School and Society, in which there are obvious thoughts of experiential learning from educational and social perspective. The fifth chapter is based on Democracy and Education, where John Dewey thinks about experiential learning and its consequences for an individual in democratic society. Last chapter analyses Experience and Education, which sums up and complements the previous publications.

Idag uppmärksammas kvinnors underrepresentation på högre chefspositioner i såväl media som undersökningar och rapporter. I dessa åskådliggörs det att det idag inte finns en logisk förklaring till varför kvinnor är underrepresenterade, vilket bland annat argumenteras utifrån att kvinnor i genomsnitt har en högre utbildningsnivå än män. Forskning förklarar att en bidragande faktor till att kvinnor fortfarande är underrepresenterade grundas i att chefskap enligt traditionen följer en maskulin norm. För att bidra med kunskap kring kvinnors underrepresentation i relation till chefskapet, har vi valt att fokusera på de kvinnor som lyckats nå ett högre chefskap. Syftet med uppsatsen är således att bidra med djupare förståelse för hur kvinnliga högre chefer upplever att de har formats på deras väg till chefskapet. Utifrån syftet har följande frågeställningar preciserats: “Hur upplever kvinnliga högre chefer den utveckling de gjort i karriären?” samt “Vilka faktorer tillskriver kvinnorna som betydande för deras utveckling i karriären?” Studien är en fallstudie med kvalitativ ansats i form av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga högre chefer. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med hjälp av Lave och Wengers teori om situerat lärande samt utifrån ett könsperspektiv som huvudsakligen grundas på West och Zimmermans teori att göra kön. De teoretiska perspektiven har valts med utgångspunkt i forskaren Salminen-Karlssons argumentation om att det saknas forskning där dessa teoretiska utgångspunkter kombineras. Vårt resultat visar bland annat att de kvinnliga högre cheferna påverkats i sin karriärutveckling av att arbetsplatsen har förväntat sig att de ska uppträda på könsspecifika sätt. Således har de kvinnliga högre cheferna anammat olika könsspecifika attribut, såväl “kvinnliga” som “manliga” för att passa in. Vidare visar resultaten att de kvinnliga högre cheferna tillskriver stödet från sin familj som väsentligt, även om de upplevt stödet på olika sätt. Även behovet av en förebild i form av en kvinnlig chef betonas som viktigt under karriärutvecklingen. / Today, media as well as research are paying attention to the underrepresentation of women on top management positions. For example, articles and reports highlight that there are no logical explanations to why women are underrepresented. In contrast, science show that women, in average, have a higher education than men and that a contributive reason to why women still are underrepresented is based on the fact that managers, according to tradition, are associated with masculinity. To contribute with knowledge regarding women’s underrepresentation related to the top management positions, we have decided to focus on women who have reached a top management position. The aim with this study is therefore to contribute with deeper understanding of how women in top management positions experience how they have been “shaped” on their way to the management position. From the selected purpose, two questions were derived: “How do the female top managers experience the development they have had throughout their career?” and “What factors do the women identify as meaningful for their career development?” This study is a case study based on a qualitative method using six semistructured interviews with female top managers. The empirical data has been analysed through Lave and Wenger’s theory about situated learning and from a gender perspective, that is based on West and Zimmerman’s theory about doing gender. The theoretical perspective have been chosen with support from the researcher Salminen-Karlsson’s argumentation, in which the researcher states that there is a lack of research combining these two theoretical perspectives. Our result shows, among other things, that the female top managers during their career have been affected by the workplace’s expectations saying that they should act according to gender standards. Because of the expectations, the female top managers have adopted these gender specific attributes, by acting like a “female” or a “man”, to fit in. Furthermore, the result shows that the female top managers claim that the support from their families is important, even if they have experienced the support in different ways. Also, the result shows that the need of a role model in terms of a female manager has been important during the career.

« Le design : une attitude pas une profession », selon le mot de László Moholy-Nagy, est un champ d’éclosion des objets et environnements, qui, aussi bien sur le plan de sa pratique que sur celui de sa théorie, n'est pas sans poser quelques difficultés quant à sa définition. Ce constat liminaire soulève la question des manières de produire les artefacts qui viennent à prendre place — parmi nous — au sein d'un monde déjà ouvré. Tandis que l'absence d'assignation arrêtée et l'attitude a-disciplinée, à laquelle le mot « design » renvoie historiquement, mettent en crise — de façon problématique mais plutôt heureuse — les attendus de la société marchande, la lecture de L'invention du quotidien (de Certeau) ouvre la possibilité d'une enquête sur les différents modes opératoires de la culture ordinaire, désignés plus largement par l'expression « manières de faire ».Concomitamment, que fait au juste le design ? Où et comment opère-t-il de manière vive, foncièrement utile, plus que simplement efficace et créative ? Il s’agit de faire accueil aux pratiques qui traversent et débordent les cadres spécifiques couramment admis de l’agence, du bureau d’étude, des médias ou encore de l’école; déjouent les stratégies, et œuvrent, incidemment, par « coups tactiques ». Ces innombrables faits anonymes ont déjà été appréhendés, thématisés, récupérés. Une considération critique, une mise en perspective conceptuelle et une étude historique de certains cas et textes doit permettre de faire valoir à la méditation du designer, mais aussi d'authentifier pour un plus large public, la part non-négligeable, non-héroïque, mais toujours fabricante de ces ars. / « Designing is not a profession but an attitude », as de László Moholy-Nagy wrote, is an object and environment growth field, which, both in terms of its practice and that of its theory, is not without some difficulties in its definition. This preliminary finding raises the question of the ways in which producing the artifacts that come to take place — among us — at the heart of a world already designed. While the absence of fixed classification and the non-disciplined attitude, from which the word « design » historically refers, put in crisis — problematically yet nevertheless fruitful — the expectations from the consuming society, the reading of The Practice of everyday Life (De Certeau) opens the possibility of investigating the various procedures of ordinary (and every day) culture, known widely as « ways of operating » or « arts of doing ». In keeping with this idea, the question raised is : what does design concretely do? Where and how does it operate vividly, in a more fundamentally useful manner, than just in an effective and creative way? It's about accepting and even embracing the practices that cross and transcend specific frameworks commonly accepted in places such as offices, firms, media or even by academia; thwarting recognized strategies, and working, incidentally, by « tactical tricks ». Those innumerable anonymous facts have already been apprehended, themed, recovered. A critical consideration in setting a conceptual perspective and historical contexts, considering some cases, should allow to assert the meditation of the designer, but also to authenticate to a wider public, the non-negligible and non-heroic, but always productive part of those ars.

Vår kandidatuppsats, Rå men hjärtlig - en kvalitativ studie om kvinnor i ledande positioner på en mansdominerad arbetsplats baseras på hur kvinnor i ledande positioner upplever sina förutsättningar och villkor i en mansdominerad organisation. Vidare syftar undersökningen till att  redogöra för hur organisationen upplevs arbeta med jämställdhetsfrågor. Intresset för genomförandet av undersökningen grundas i vår egen nyfikenhet av ledarskapet. Ytterligare ville vi få en förförståelse för vad ledande kvinnor kan tänkas möta med utgångspunkten att vara i minoritet. Den teoretiska referensramen består av teorier, begrepp och tidigare forskning gällande kön och genus men även jämställdhet. Genomgående teorier för undersökningen är Doing gender och mannen som norm. Majoriteten av teorierna valdes ut innan insamling av det empiriska materialet. Strategier kvinnor utvecklar på mansdominerade arbetsplatser har tillkommit efter datainsamlingen. En kvalitativ undersökning med semi-strukturerande intervjuer genomfördes i en global industrikoncern i Sverige. Tio (10) kvinnor i ledande positioner från tre (3) olika affärsområden och olika hierarkiska nivåer deltog. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att kvinnor i ledande positioner på en mansdominerad arbetsplats tenderar att möta olika typer av motstånd eftersom att de ofta bedöms utifrån den manliga normen. En organisation kan tillskriva kön olika stereotypa föreställningar vilket de själva har svårt att upptäcka eftersom att det normaliseras i den rådande kontexten. Det framkommer att jargongen kan vara väldigt hård och att en kvinna i ledande position förväntas tåla lite. Resultatet talar även för att de kvinnor som känner sig accepterade trivs mycket bra på sin arbetsplats, att vara accepterad är således betydelsefullt. / Our graduate study is based on how women in senior positions experience their prerequisites and conditions in a male-dominated organization. Furthermore, the survey aims at explaining how the organization is working with gender issues and gender equality. The interest in this subject is based on our own curiosity towards leadership. In addition, we wanted to get an understanding of what women in senior positions might experience with the assumption that they are in minority. The theoretical frame of reference consists of theories, concepts and previous research on gender and gender equality. Significant theories for the survey are Doing gender and Man as a norm. The majority of the theories were chosen before the empirical material was collected. Strategies women develop on male-dominated workplaces have been added after the data collection. A qualitative survey with semi-structured interviews was performed in a global industrial group in Sweden. Ten (10) women in senior positions from three (3) different business areas and different hierarchical levels participated. The results of the survey show that women in senior positions in a male-dominated workplace tend to face different types of resistance, because they are often judged based on the male norm. An organization can attribute gender to different stereotypical performances, which they themselves find difficult to detect because it is normalized in the context. It appears that the jargon can be very rough and a woman in a senior position is expected to withstand a little roughness. The result also shows that the women who feel accepted enjoy their workplace, that is also why being accepted is important.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research entitled "The Pedagogical Making of the Special Education Teacher / ESA at the Federal Farroupilha Institute: challenges of inclusion" is included in the Special Education Line of the Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM and to the Group Of Studies and Research in Educational Psychology and Inclusive Education - GEPEIN and sought to analyze how the pedagogical work of Special Education Teachers / ESA in the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha - IFFar. In addition, it sought to understand how the Specialized Educational Assistance - AEE has been taking place, considering that, at present, the Federal Institutes as well as the Basic Education Schools and the Universities, also began to deal with the inclusion processes, implementing the ESA . The study was based on legislation in the area of Special Education, referring to Inclusive Education and ESA. The methodological guidelines addressed the qualitative research, with the help of a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection, being carried out with six Special Education Teachers / ESAs who work at IFFar. For the interpretation of the data collected, Content Analysis was used as technique. The research made it possible to know how the pedagogical work of these teachers has been constituted, and can therefore problematize the possibilities, fragilities and challenges of the same. Pointing out that, despite all this new political, educational and conceptual context that has permeated their practice and their identity institutionally, they perceive themselves as Special Education teachers currently acting as Basic, Technical and Technological Education teachers. Indicating that the institution is still on an initial walk, but has sought to invest in issues related to inclusion. / A pesquisa intitulada “O Fazer Pedagógico do Professor de Educação Especial/AEE no Instituto Federal Farroupilha: desafios da inclusão” insere-se na Linha de Educação Especial do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM e ao Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia da Educação e Educação Inclusiva – GEPEIN e buscou analisar como se constitui o fazer pedagógico dos Professores de Educação Especial/AEE no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha - IFFar. Além disso, procurou entender como o Atendimento Educacional Especializado - AEE vem se efetivando, tendo em vista que, atualmente, os Institutos Federais assim como as Escolas de Ensino Básico e as Universidades, também passaram a se ocupar dos processos de inclusão, implementando o AEE. O estudo teve como embasamento as legislações da área da Educação Especial, referentes à Educação Inclusiva e ao AEE. Os encaminhamentos metodológicos abordaram a pesquisa de base qualitativa, contando com auxílio de questionário como instrumento para coleta de dados, sendo realizada com seis Professores de Educação Especial/AEE que atuam no IFFar. Para a interpretação dos dados coletados utilizou-se como técnica a Análise de Conteúdo. A investigação propiciou conhecer como vem se constituindo o fazer pedagógico desses professores, podendo com isso, problematizar as possibilidades, fragilidades e desafios do mesmo. Apontando que, apesar de toda essa nova conjuntura política, educacional e conceitual que tem permeado sua prática e sua identidade institucionalmente, se percebem como professoras de Educação Especial atuando no momento como professoras de Educação Básica, Técnica e Tecnológica. Indicando que a instituição ainda se encontra em uma caminhada inicial, mas tem procurado investir nas questões ligadas à inclusão.