Harold Garfinkel untersuchte in seiner ethnomethodologischen Studie über Agnes, die er 1967 im Prozess der Geschlechtsumwandlung begleitete, die Praktiken der alltäglichen, interaktiven Produktion des Geschlechts. Das hieraus entstandene Konzept des Doing Gender erkennt Geschlecht nicht als natürlichen Zustand, sondern als in sozialer Interaktion hervorgebrachtes Personenmerkmal.

Geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktsegregation nimmt die ungleiche Verteilung und Präsenz von Gruppen nach dem Merkmal Geschlecht innerhalb verschiedener Sphären der Erwerbsarbeit (bspw. in Betrieben, Berufen, Berufsfeldern oder auf Hierarchieebenen) in den Blick. Die Geschlechtersegregation hat fast immer negative Auswirkungen (z.B. schlechtere Bezahlung oder geringere Aufstiegschancen) auf Frauen*. Generell wird zwischen horizontaler und vertikaler Segregation unterschieden. In der Forschung hat sich der Blick auf geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsmarktsegregation von akteurszentrierten über strukturkategoriale hin zu sozial-konstruktivistischen Ansätzen entwickelt.

Der Begriff Performativität geht zurück auf die Sprechakttheorie und wurde von dem Sprachphilosophen John L. Austin "ins Spiel" gebracht. Er verweist mit dem Terminus auf die handlungspraktische Dimension des Sprechens, d.h. dasjenige zu vollziehen oder zu produzieren, was im Sprechen benannt wird, und es nicht lediglich zu bezeichnen. Vor dem Hintergrund von Derridas Iterabilitätsbegriff hat insbesondere Judith Butler das Konzept in die Gendertheorie eingeführt. Das Sein oder So-Sein eines Geschlechtes ist demnach kein ontologischer Status, der aus einer vordiskursiven Wirklichkeit schöpft, sondern das Ergebnis (sich wiederholender) performativer Inszenierungen, die sich selbst erfolgreich als Sein darstellen.

The primary argument in this thesis is that the common assumption that an actor has emotion inside him- or herself which can be evoked and projected outwards is an outdated misconception. A proposition is made to replace this possessive acting model, which underpins the realist tradition and is based on the popularized aspects of Stanislavsky’s system for actor training, by a situational acting model. This new model is founded on the idea that emotion is something that actors “do”. Furthermore, a theory of this situational model is advanced where the actor is seen to perform emotion in an interplay with action in three different ways: in the world symbolically as an expression, of the world phenomenologically as in-sensing or out-sensing, and with the world as a becoming – which opens the actor up to greater forces of nature and society.                                      The material in this thesis has been focused on from both a contextualizing and a theoretic perspective. The contextualizing perspective places the actor’s doing of emotions in a historical context. The theoretic aspect concentrates on how performing emotions is realized in practice, and it proceeds from an analysis of two contemporary Swedish examples: the actresses Lena Endre in the role of Lady Macbeth at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in a production of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth from 2006, and Mia Skäringer in her stage show Horny as Hell and Really Holy from 2010. In exploring this material, a combination of Paul Ricoeur’s “hermeneutics of suspicion” and Paul Stoller’s ”sensuous scholarship” is applied.           A synthetic theoretical approach is employed that is set on a phenomenological foundation in combination with theories of emotion and affect as well as gender theory and theatre theory. The discussion is informed by Michael Polanyi to gain an understanding of tacit knowledge and the role of kinesthesia; by Simone de Beauvoir to establish a perspective on the body as a situation; by Sara Ahmed to see the potential for a cultural politics of emotion and a queer view of intentionality; and by Maurice Merleau-Ponty to propose a way of looking at the human being as being of the world as opposed to in the world. Interpretations of a few of Gilles Deleuze’s and Félix Guattari’s concepts such as rhizome, becoming, and body without organs, are added to this list in order to provide a background for what the third way of doing emotion is about.

During the course of this study we have been inspired by Carin Holmbergs essay ’It’s Called Love’ (1993). Our purpose with this study has been to examine how gender works among young Swedish heterosexual couples without children. This was done by examining how couples distribute housework among themselves, with certain focus on how class interacts with gender. We asked three questions: 1). How is gender made in relation to expected characteristics of how women and men should be? 2). How is gender made with distribution of household work within the couples? 3). In what way does class play a role in distribution of domestic work? Qualitative method was used in order to answer our purpose and questions. We interviewed ten couples, five whom had a university degree and five whom had secondary education. Our theoretical framework consists of the perspective of symbolic interactionism, Yvonne Hirdman's theory of the gender system, asymmetric role-taking and class. The analysis of our empirical material showed that the individuals within the couples attribute themselves and each other with properties that are in line with the traditional gender distribution in society, regardless of which class the couples belong to. When it came to all housework activities women were initiators. The distribution of household work took place according to what the men thought was interesting, regardless of class. Class, on the other hand, plays a role in the distribution of domestic work that took place on the basis of what was natural or not. Couples with upper secondary education distribute household work based on what is natural for the sexes in relation to the traditional gender roles, while those with an academic degree carry out household work that is not tied to the traditional gender roles to a greater extent. We found that women's and men's genders contribute to the maintenance and reproduction of the woman as subordinate and the man as superior, which contributes to an uneven distribution of labour in the home where the woman still has the main responsibility for the care work.

In dieser Studie analysieren wir die Interaktionen zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und drei Aspekten von Innovation: Research Joint Ventures mit asymmetrischen Unternehmen, Neue Produkteinführung, und Innovation mit Multiproduktunternehmen. Wir untersuchen Mechanismen und Effekte, die einen Einfluß auf die Marktstruktur, das Marktverhalten und das Marktergebnis ausüben, indem wir theoretische Modelle analysieren und empirische strukturelle Modelle schätzen. Diese Arbeit gliedert sich wie folgt: Kapitel 2 verdeutlicht die Interaktion von Multiproduktwettbewerb und der Innovationstätigkeit von Unternehmen. Wir präsentieren die gegenwärtigen theoretischen and empirischen Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Innovationen. In Kapitel 3 analysieren wir die Effekte zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und Anreize von asymmetrischen Unternehmen, Innovationen zu betreiben und Research Joint Ventures zu gründen. In Kapitel 4 und 5 konzentrieren wir uns auf die Interaktion zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und neuer Produkteinführung. Wir präsentieren zwei theoretische Modelle über vertikale Produktdifferenzierung und untersuchen die Anreize für die etablierten Unternehmen neue Produkte mit unterschiedlicher Qualität in den Markt einzuführen. Unternehmen können hierbei entscheiden, ob sie die vorigen Produkte weiterhin im Markt anbieten oder aus dem Markt ziehen. In Kapitel 6 untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen Multiproduktwettbewerb und Innovation mit Multiproduktunternehmen. Das Verhalten von Multiproduktunternehmen unterscheidet sich von Einzelproduktunternehmen, da Output- und Produkteinführungsentscheidungen auf zentraler Ebene getroffen werden. Wir analysieren die ,Dynamic Random Access Memory' Industrie (DRAM chips sind Halbleiterchips) mit Berücksichtigung von Multiproduktunternehmen und untersuchen Spillovers, Skalenerträge und Lerneffekte, als auch das Verhalten der Unternehmen im Produktmarkt und die Dynamik über den Produktlebenszyklus. In Kapitel 7 fassen wir die Forschungsergebnisse zusammen und bewerten diese im Kontext der gegenwärtigen Forschung. Darüber hinaus schlagen wir weitere Aspekte für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten auf diesem Gebiet vor. Schließlich beschreiben wir in Kapitel 8 die Datenbanken, die in unseren empirischen Analysen Anwendung finden. email: siebert@medea.wz-berlin.de / In this study we theoretically and empirically analyze the interactions between multiproduct competition and three aspects of innovation: Research Joint Ventures with asymmetric firms, new product introduction, and innovation with multiproduct firms. We investigate the main mechanisms and effects that impact on market structure, behavior and performance by analyzing theoretical and estimating structural models.The thesis is structured as follows: Chapter 2 provides insights into how multiproduct competition may interact with innovation. We survey current theoretical and empirical results on the literature of innovation. In Chapter 3, we analyze the effect of multiproduct competition on the incentives of asymmetric firms to innovate and to form a Research Joint Venture. In Chapters 4 and 5 we concentrate on the interrelation between multiproduct competition and new product introduction. We present two theoretical models of vertical product differentiation and investigate the incentives for incumbent firms to introduce new products in different quality areas. Firms are allowed to keep or withdraw their original products from the market. In Chapter 6 we will focus on the link between multiproduct competition and innovation with multiproduct firms. Multiproduct firms behave differently in the product market compared to single product firms. Decisions for product innovation or output are taken at a centralized level, so that a multiproduct firm takes the effects on other products into account. We analyze the Dynamic Random Access Memory industry (DRAM chips are semiconductor chips) with respect to multiproduct firms and investigate the Spillover, Economies of Scale, and Learning by Doing effects, as well as firms' behaviour in the product market, and the dynamics over the product life cycle. In Chapter 7 we summarize the results, assess the new research findings in the context of contributions to current research, and provide suggestions for future research. Finally, in Chapter 8 we provide a description of the databases we used in our empirical studies. email: siebert@medea.wz-berlin.de

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Follador e Ambrosio.pdf: 1417245 bytes, checksum: 0c11b129d5b8408ca31d65f1d7dbb2bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This paper describes the Being and Doing Accompaniment Procedure of Psychotherapeutic Interventions and also demonstrates its heuristic potential. It is a proposal which can be considered a fertile alternative inside the qualitative investigation field, being a psychoanalytical method of operation strategy. Counteracting the point of view which considers the psychotherapies as intangible scientific experiments, this paper has its bases on the ethical and investigative perspective, according to which all clinical practices can be and must be examined according to its power to generate or not consistent benefits. It also demands that the terms used in the clinical efficiency researches be clear enough in order to establish the communication between psychologists, who refer to other theoretical and methodological sources, and professionals from other fields as well as the society. Methodologically, this study is realized through the Being and Doing Accompaniment Procedure of Psychotherapeutic Interventions and examining its usage, considering the clinical material produced from a scientific investigation, already published, independently conducted by other researchers. It can be shown that the clinical procedure is useful since it helps a comprehensive perception not only of mutative movements but also of any occasional difficulty that can be discussed. Therefore, it is settled an alternative to the clinical efficiency evaluation that, being as close as possible to the human event and the dramatic expressed here, is coherent with the psychoanalytical method and with the other qualitative perspectives which consider the human acting in terms of action and sense. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o Procedimento Ser e Fazer de Acompanhamento de Interven??es Psicoterap?uticas e demonstrar sua potencialidade heur?stica. Trata-se de proposta que pode ser considerada uma alternativa fecunda no campo das investiga??es qualitativas, caracterizando-se como estrat?gia de operacionaliza??o do m?todo psicanal?tico. Contrapondo-se ao posicionamento daqueles que consideram as psicoterapias como experi?ncias cientificamente inabord?veis, este trabalho justifica-se a partir de perspectiva ?tica e investigativa segundo a qual toda e qualquer pr?tica cl?nica pode e deve ser examinada em termos de seu poder de gerar - ou n?o - benef?cios consistentes. Exige, tamb?m, que os termos usados nas pesquisas sobre a efic?cia cl?nica sejam suficientemente claros para que possam ser estabelecidas interlocu??es com psic?logos que se valem de outros referenciais te?ricometodol?gicos, com profissionais de outras ?reas e tamb?m com a sociedade. Metodologicamente, o presente estudo realiza-se por meio da apresenta??o do Procedimento Ser e Fazer de Acompanhamento de Interven??es Psicoterap?uticas e do exame de sua utiliza??o, efetuado considerando-se material cl?nico proveniente de uma investiga??o cient?fica, j? publicada, realizada independentemente por outro pesquisador. Pode ser demonstrado que o procedimento ? clinicamente ?til, na medida em que favorece uma percep??o compreensiva, tanto de movimentos mutativos, como de dificuldades eventuais que estejam em jogo. Fica assim firmada uma alternativa de avalia??o de efic?cia cl?nica que, mantendo-se maximamente pr?xima do acontecer humano e da dram?tica que neste se expressa, guarda coer?ncia com o m?todo psicanal?tico e com as demais perspectivas qualitativas, que consideram a conduta humana em termos de a??o e sentido.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria E M P Melo.pdf: 480720 bytes, checksum: a48a5886e07f819a87667330616281ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-16 / Many studies have been analyzing treatments that intervene with the occurrence of correspondence between verbal and non verbal behavior. Nevertheless, the role of verbalization for the emission of the correspondent non verbal behavior, in the studies about correspondence between saying and doing, is not clear yet. The present work had the purpose to combine some treatments already used by some of the studies, with the intention to verify which would be the role of verbalization in the control of non verbal behavior, using a different target behavior than those that have been used in the most part of the studies, and introducing some modifications in the procedure and in the experimental design. The target behavior was the choice of food, considered healthful for the snack. 23 children between 5 and 6 years, with normal development, that studied in the same classroom of a Council School for children, participated of the study. The experimental conditions were: baseline, reinforcement of verbalization, reinforcement of compliance (experimenter s verbalization), reinforcement of correspondence, reinforcement of doing and reinforcement of verbalization 2. The children were divided in 3 groups, with 8, 5 and 7 participants. The sequence of presentation of the treatments varied between the groups. A of multiple baseline design between participants of the same group was used. The results pointed that during of baseline the frequency of choice of more healthful snacks is low, but the frequency of correspondence between verbal and non verbal behavior is high. During the phase of reinforcement of verbalization, the frequency of choice of more healthful snacks is low, and so is the frequency of correspondence between verbal and non verbal behavior. In the phase of reinforcement of doing, the frequency of choice of more healthful snacks is low only when this phase precedes the reinforcement of correspondence and the reinforcement of compliance. In the phases of reinforcement of compliance and reinforcement of correspondence, the frequency of choice of more healthful food increases for the three groups. In the phase of reinforcement of verbalization 2, the frequency of choice of more healthful food was higher than in the phase of reinforcement of verbalization, being, therefore, higher the correspondence frequency. The present study suggests that verbalization has an important role to provide the target response; however it can proceed from the participant as well from the experimenter / Diversos estudos vêm analisando tratamentos que interferem na ocorrência de correspondência entre o comportamento verbal e o não verbal. Apesar disso, o papel da verbalização para a emissão do comportamento não verbal correspondente, nos estudos sobre correspondência entre o dizer e o fazer, ainda não foi esclarecido. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de combinar alguns tratamentos já utilizados por alguns dos estudos, com o intuito de verificar qual seria o papel da verbalização no controle do comportamento não verbal, utilizando um comportamento alvo diferente do que tem sido utilizado na maior parte dos estudos, e introduzindo algumas modificações no procedimento e no delineamento experimental. O comportamento alvo foi a escolha de alimentos considerados saudáveis para o lanche. Participaram do estudo 23 crianças entre 5 e 6 anos, com desenvolvimento normal, que estudavam numa mesma classe de uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil (EMEI). As condições experimentais introduzidas foram: linha de base, reforçamento da verbalização, reforçamento da obediência (verbalização do experimentador), reforçamento da correspondência, reforçamento do fazer e reforçamento da verbalização 2. As crianças foram divididas em 3 grupos, com 8, 5 e 7 participantes. A seqüência de apresentação dos tratamentos variou entre os grupos. Foi utilizado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre sujeitos de um mesmo grupo. Os resultados apontam que durante a fase de linha de base é baixa a freqüência de escolha de lanches mais saudáveis , mas é alta a freqüência de correspondência entre o comportamento verbal e o não verbal. Durante a fase de reforçamento da verbalização, é baixa a freqüência de escolha de lanches mais saudáveis e baixa a freqüência de correspondência entre o comportamento verbal e o não verbal. Na fase de reforçamento do fazer, é baixa a freqüência de escolha de lanches mais saudáveis apenas quando essa fase precede as de reforçamento da correspondência e reforçamento da obediência. Nas fases de reforçamento da obediência e reforçamento da correspondência, a freqüência de escolhas por alimentos mais saudáveis aumenta para os três grupos. Na fase de reforçamento da verbalização 2, a freqüência de escolha por alimentos mais saudáveis foi maior do que na fase de reforçamento da verbalização, sendo, portanto, mais alta a freqüência de correspondência. O presente estudo sugere que a verbalização tem um papel importante na produção da resposta alvo, porém pode ser proveniente tanto do participante quanto do experimentador

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Luzia Ferreira Peixoto.pdf: 1435850 bytes, checksum: 4a10d40099660866911b374157281505 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-11 / The general goal of this study is to discuss the teaching and practice of psychospiritual assistance to clients, considering the teachers and students perception of the graduation courses on nursing, and to emphasize the psychospiritual assistance to clients in the nursing teaching and praxis. Descriptive-exploratory research carried out in the Middle West Region of Brazil. The sample was comprised of 63 nurses and 141 students of graduation courses on nursing. Data were collected by the researcher, who used the applied questionnaire as an instrument, after approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP. The spiritual values of education of the new nursing professionals were discussed. It is believed that more than offering drugs, the professionals need to know how to listen to the patient and his/her family, work for prevention and take care of the individual as an active agent in the healing process. In the academic education, the new professionals need a space that assures them religious knowledge for the spiritual assistance. The autonomy of the patient must be the conductor axis to introduce the spirituality in the practice. Finally, among other aspects, it is believed that the faith of the clients is a positive power for the faster recovery; that doing and taking care must be turned to the humanized integral assistance and that the nurse must take care of the clients rather than the disease, besides providing full assistance according to the needs. We are sure that our thesis brought many possibilities to touch those who work in the area of health! / O estudo tem como objetivos gerais discutir o ensino e a prática da assistência psicoespiritual prestada aos clientes, partindo de percepções de docentes e discentes dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem e enfatizar a assistência psicoespiritual aos clientes no ensino e na práxis de enfermagem. Pesquisa do tipo descritivo-exploratória realizada na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. A amostra foi constituída de 63 enfermeiros e 141 acadêmicos de cursos de graduação em enfermagem. A Coleta de Dados realizada pela pesquisadora que utilizou como instrumento o questionário aplicado após aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo-PUCSP. Foram discutidos os valores espirituais na formação dos novos profissionais de enfermagem. Considera-se que mais do que oferecer remédios, os profissionais precisam saber ouvir o paciente e sua família, trabalhar a prevenção, cuidar do indivíduo como agente ativo no processo de cura. Na formação acadêmica, os novos profissionais precisam de um espaço que lhes garantam conhecimentos religiosos para a assistência psicoespiritual A autonomia do paciente deve ser o eixo condutor para introduzir a espiritualidade na prática. Por fim considera-se entre outros aspectos, que a fé dos clientes é uma alavanca positiva na recuperação mais rápida; que o fazer e o cuidar devem estar voltados para a assistência integral humanizada e que o enfermeiro deve cuidar dos clientes e não da doença, além de prestar assistência integral segundo as necessidades. Concluiu-se com a certeza de que nossa tese levantou muitas possibilidades para sensibilizar aqueles e aquelas que trabalham na área de saúde!

This thesis describes a business plan in an international environment. The work includes analysis of the international environment which an entrepreneur wants to enter, some risks to handle with, possibilities of entering foreign markets and options for types of a business entity. And the main part of the thesis presents a business plan.