On a small contested part of the world, the peninsula of Crimea, once a part of the former Soviet Union, lives a people who have endured genocide and who have struggled to etch out an identity in a land once their own. They are the Crimean Tatar. Even their name, an exonym promoting the Crimeans’ “peripheral status” (Powell) and their ensuing “cultural schizophrenia” (Vizenor), bears witness to the otherization they have withstood throughout centuries. However, despite attempts to relegate them to the history books, Crimeans are alive and well in the “motherland,” but not without some difficulty. Having been forced to reframe their identities because of numerous imperialistic, colonialist, and soviet behavior and policies, there have been many who have resisted, first and foremost through rhetorical sovereignty, the ability to reframe Crimean Tatar identity through Crimean Tatar rhetoric. This negotiation of identity through rhetoric has included a fierce defense of their language and culture in what Malea Powell calls a “war with homogeneity,” a struggle for identification based on resistance. This thesis seeks to understand the rhetorical function of naming practices as acts that inscribe material meaning and perform marginalization or resistance within the context of Crimea-L, a Yahoo! Group listserv as well as immediate and remote Crimean history. To analyze the rhetoric of marginalization and resistance in naming practices, I use the Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) within recently archived discourses. Ruth Wodak’s DHA strategies will be reappropriated as Naming Practice Strategies, depicting efforts in otherization or rhetorical sovereignty.

Bakgrund  Sedan sjukdomens uppkomst har 40,1 miljoner människor mist sitt liv till följd av HIV; en kronisk virusinfektion som i obehandlat tillstånd kan vara livshotande. Adekvat behandling kan leda till ett normalt liv med omätbara virusnivåer, god vård och god behandling är således livsviktigt. Att belysa hur personer med HIV upplever vårdmöten med vårdpersonal är väsentligt för att erhålla kunskap om hur vårdpersonal skall förhålla sig i mötet. Vårdmöten av hög kvalitet med ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt kan leda till ökad medicinsk följsamhet, ett ökat välbefinnande och ökad livskvalitet för personer med HIV.  Syfte  Syftet var att belysa hur patienter med HIV upplever möten med vårdpersonal inom vården.  Metod  En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes baserad på 16 vetenskapliga originalartiklar av både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Data inhämtades från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades  Resultat  Resultatet sammanställdes i fyra huvudkategorier: Upplevelser av stigmatisering och diskriminering, upplevelser av kommunikation, upplevelser av relationen mellan patient och vårdpersonal samt upplevelser av bemötande. Upplevelser av respekt och tillit visades vara det mest centrala för att uppnå en relation med vårdpersonal samt för att uppleva en god kommunikation och ett gott bemötande. Fördomar, förutfattade meningar och diskriminerande handlingar visade sig utgöra ett hinder för detta.  Slutsats  Denna litteraturöversikt visade att patientupplevelser av vårdmöten var komplexa. Upplevelser som skildrades i resultatet visade att patienter som kände sig sedda som personer utöver sin sjukdom, blev behandlade med respekt eller kände tillit till personalen upplevde vårdmöten som positiva. Resultatet visade även upplevelser som utgjorde hinder för ett positivt vårdmöte. Ökad förståelse om patienters upplevelser kan ge värdefulla insikter gällande hur vårdpersonalen genom ett professionellt och personcentrerat förhållningssätt kan bidra till upplevelser av positiva vårdmöten. / Background  HIV is a chronic viral infection that can be life-threatening if not treated. Since the emerge of the disease 40,1 million people have deceased. Thus, adequate treatment is vital. Illustrating patient experiences of encounters with healthcare professionals is important to gain knowledge about actions and attitudes that contribute to positive experiences. Encounters of high quality, with a person-centered approach can lead to increased medical compliance, wellbeing and a greater life quality for people with HIV.  Aim  The aim of this literature review was to illustrate how patients with HIV experience encounters with health care professionals within health care settings.  Method  A non-systematic literature review was carried out, with data collected from 16 original scientific articles of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data was obtained from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The articles were quality-reviewed based on Sophiahemmet University's assessment basis for scientific classification. The results from the articles were categorized, collated, and analyzed using an integrated data analysis.  Results  The results were compiled into four main categories: Experiences of stigmatization and discrimination, experiences of communication, experiences of the relationship between patient and health care professionals and experiences of treatment. Experiences of respect and trust were shown to be the most central in encounters to achieve a relationship with healthcare professionals with communication and treatment of good quality. Prejudice, preconceptions, and discriminatory actions proved to be obstacles of positive experiences.  Conclusions  This literature review showed that patient experiences of healthcare encounters were complex. Experiences in the results suggested that patients who felt seen as individuals beyond their illness, were treated with respect and trusted health care professionals had positive experiences. Improved understanding of patients' experiences can provide valuable insights of how healthcare professionals, through a professional and person-centered approach, can contribute to positive experiences of healthcare encounters.

Patientdelaktighet är ett begrepp med flera dimensioner, vilket gör det svårdefinierat. Idag är det en lagstadgad rättighet att patienten ska få möjlighet att vara delaktig i sin vård. Det innebär att patienterna har en självklar plats i vården, en plats som medskapare till sin vård. Sjuksköterskan har ansvar att ge patienten möjligheter för att bli delaktig, genom att arbeta personcentrerat där patienten och sjuksköterskan samarbetar i ett partnerskap. Partnerskapet ska genomsyras av ömsesidig kommunikation, där båda parterna bidrar. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan tar del av patientens livsvärld och ser varje patient som en unik individ. Forskning visar att det finns barriärer för delaktighet. Dessa barriärer kan bero på brister i kommunikationen, avdelningsspecifika hinder och föråldrade hierarkiska strukturer i sjukvården som lever kvar. Utifrån dessa barriärer och kunskapen om hur det borde arbetas med delaktighet är frågan hur patienterna upplever delaktighet när de blir sjuka. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att belysa patienternas upplevelse av delaktighet. Litteraturöversikten är utformad för att ge en bredare översikt och är därför baserad på både kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning. Resultatet visar att patienterna är nöjda när de deltar i vården på en önskad nivå, genom ett partnerskap med ömsesidig kommunikation och där de blir sedda. Det visar också att patienterna upplever hinder för att känna sig delaktiga. De upplever en maktobalans samt kommunikationsbrister. Det här visar på vikten av ett partnerskap mellan patient och sjuksköterska, där delaktighet skapas. / Patient participation is a concept with several dimensions, which makes it hard to define. Today patients have a legal right to have the ability to participate in their own healthcare. This means that the patients have a natural place in healthcare, as co-creators of their care. The nurse has a responsibility to give the patient the opportunity to participate by adopting a person centred approach where the patient and the nurse cooperates in a partnership. The partnership is characterized by mutual communication where both parties contribute. The nurse needs to take part of the patient’s lifeworld and see every patient as a unique individual. Research shows that there are hindrances for participation. The hindrances may be a result of a lack of communication, ward specific barriers and outdated hierarchical structures that still exists. With these hindrances and the knowledge about how participation should be incorporated, the question is how the patients experience participation when they become ill. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to illustrate the patients experiences of participation. This literature review is designed to give a wide overview and is therefore based on both quantitative and qualitative research. The results show that the patients are satisfied when they participate in care at a desired level, through a partnership with mutual communication and where they are seen. It also shows that the patients experience hindrances to the feeling of being a participant in their care. They experience a power imbalance as well as a lack of communication. This shows the importance of a partnership between the patient and the nurse, where participation is created.

Lost&Found Videothek is the concept for an interactive video library thought for users engaged in an exploratory research mode, in which content is organized according to a collaborative, subjective and implicit indexing system for the enhancement of serendipity. This idea was the result of a design-based research with a user-centered approach in the field of information retrieval. With the use of design methods such as heuristic UX evaluation, co-sketching, and other original design experiments, the project aimed at identifying the most valuable qualities of physical and digital libraries in order to integrate them within one retrieval system.

In the first part of this dissertation I investigate whether the Pentecostal Churches in South Africa has a reductionist understanding of crucial missiological issues. Issues such as the definition of mission, motivation for missions, the role of the Holy Spirit in mission, mission as a quest for social justice, mission as anti-racism, mission as a quest for gender equality and mission as inter-religious encounter. In the second part of the dissertation I present a more contextual approach to these missiological issues, challenging the Pentecostal churches to move: towards the formation of a more relevant missiology. l finally present the 'cycle of missionary praxis' or 'the Pastoral cycle' as a tool that can be used to formulate a contextual missiology / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th.

Pentecostalism has, in recent times, undeniably contributed towards the growth of the church as a whole. Public worship services inherently submit and contribute towards the meeting between man and God as well as fellowship between the people who form part of said service. Public services in honor of God speak to the purposes of God and man’s fundamental desire to meet with our Creator. Consequently, research into this phenomenon proves vital in determining and even extending the role of the Pentecostal ideology in correlation to the longevity of honorary public services. Chapters 2 through 4 shed light on some of the key concepts that clarifies the dynamic nature of these events, throughout the service wherein the radiant power of God touches the human heart in some astounding ways. Exegetic studies have been undertaken into 2 Chronicles 5-7 which examines these instances of divine meeting in the Old Testament while the second chapter of Acts deals with the event from a New Testament perspective. In addition to this, 1 Corinthians 11-14 was utilized to highlight the role of the Holy Ghost as the instigator for divine meeting. Specific issues addressed by the research include service preparation and the role of music and its contribution to ambience preceding a meeting between man and God. Moreover, a keen focus on the sermon and the delivery thereof as well as its progression leading up to the conclusion and summary in closing and prayer, are all dealt with as part of this study. This dynamic, in essence, becomes visible through the statement issued by the life of each disciple as a living testament to this consuming and changing event. Honorary public services fit the bill as an event to promote divine meeting. Chapter 5 delves into some of the auxiliary sciences i.e. sociology, communication science, psychology and the field of antropology. The principles in chapters 2 through 4 are affirmed by these aspects of science and provide perspective on the practical applications thereof. All these factors in relation to practice have also been scrutinized through empirical research. This research clearly places divine meeting as a central to and inseparable from perceiver experience. Chapter 7 provides practical guidelines to alternative approaches in practicum. The study proposes a model whereby certain aspects can be examined from a Pentecostal point of view in order to tailor services as a dais for divine meeting. Most importantly it should be evident in the life of the participant that they have truly encounter God. This meeting is the prime objective and at the heart of public service. It serves and should always serve as a doorway to Christian life. / PhD (Liturgics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The interest of this study was preschool teachers’ experiences of creating and maintaining good relations to preschool children and the children’s response to these relations. Qualitative interviews with nine preschool teachers have been conducted in order to obtain the empirical material. The study has a lifeworld phenomenological approach and the theoretical points of departure are the interhuman thesis of Martin Buber, relational pedagogy and a philosophical caring perspective. The result shows that a good relation between preschool teacher and parents leads to good repercussions in the preschool teachers’ relation to the child. The preschool teachers’ approach concerning the ability to interpret the children’s different body languages, signals and needs is also an important part of the result. Further result shows that creating good relations to the children sometimes can be a time-consuming work. The children have a good ability to choose which adult that most satisfying can meet their current needs. The preschool teachers express the importance of the children’s right to their own emotions, mutual mental communication between child and preschool teacher, joy, positivity, to meet around common memories and an accepting and available environment. The preschool teachers also talk about being true to their own person in their relational work with the children or the children lose their trust in the adult. Different dilemmas were expressed regarding creating and maintaining good relations to the children in preschool and mainly focused on preschool teachers’ different approaches towards the children as problematic.

Cette thèse consiste en une géographie des lieux et des circulations de l’émergence artistique dans une métropole du Sud. Elle se situe au croisement entre une géographie urbaine, soucieuse des agencements socio-spatiaux à l’intérieur desquels s’organise l’existence « ordinaire » d’une activité en train de se faire, et une géographie de l’art qui place les trajectoires spatiales des faits artistiques au cœur de l’analyse. Capitale postcoloniale, métropole est-africaine et périphérie d’une « économie mondiale d’archipel », Nairobi est un terrain de la rencontre entre métropolisation et globalisation. Dans le sillon des théories géographiques de la mondialisation, cette recherche propose de documenter et de cartographier les reconfigurations de l’espace artistique qui résultent de ces dynamiques. L’originalité de cette thèse est de rassembler l’ensemble des scènes et des productions artistiques d’une ville sur le dénominateur commun de la dimension spatiale de leurs circulations. Le matériau étudié (discours et curriculum vitae d’artistes, activités et archives de centres d’art) permet de confronter des circulations effectives à des horizons d’accomplissement différenciés, dont la trame est faite d’une ruralité encore prégnante et la connectivité d’une métropole mondialisée. La méthode développée relève de la traçabilité, dont la base est l’enquête par observation. Une exposition, une performance, une bourse de voyage, la visite d’un commissaire d’exposition, d’un collectionneur ou d’un mécène, les circulations quotidiennes d’un artiste et ses modes de socialisation, tous ces déplacements individuels, matériels, idéels et financiers constituent la matière première de la géographie proposée dans cette thèse. Comprise comme l’articulation entre, d’une part, les compétences et les tactiques spatiales des artistes et, d’autre part, les moyens matériels et institutionnels de gestion de la distance, la mobilité artistique interroge les conditions et le sens des déplacements autant que le devenir des acteurs engagés. / This Ph.D. thesis tackles the places and circulations involved in the making of art in a southern metropolis. It is situated at the crossroads of an urban geography concerned with the social and spatial layout through which this “ordinary” activity is organized, and a geographical approach of art that places actors’ trajectories at the heart of the analysis. Capital city in a postcolonial State, East African metropolis and periphery of the “global archipelagic economy”, Nairobi is a case of the encounter between metropolization and globalization. In the trail of the theories on the worlding of material geography, this study aims at documenting and mapping the reconfigurations of art space triggered by these dynamics. The novelty of this thesis is to assemble the entire range of art scenes and products of a city, using the common thread that is the spatial dimension of their circulations. The material studied (artists’ discourse and curriculum vitae; art centres activity and archive) takes on both the measureable circulations of artists while confronting them to their horizon of accomplishment. These are made up of the persistence of strong rural ties and the connectivity of a globally connected city. The method deployed relies on the notion of traceability and is based on a qualitative survey through observation. An exhibition, a performance, a mobility grant, a visiting curator, collector or benefactor, the daily circulations and socializing of an artist: all these individual, material, ideal or financial movements constitute the raw material of this research. The notion of art mobility is here understood as the articulation between artists’ agency and spatial tactics on the on hand, and the material and institutional means of dealing with distance on the other hand. Art mobility questions the conditions, directions and meanings of these movements as much as the growth of the actors engaged.

This dissertation offers the first systematic historical contextualization and literary analysis of the five saints' lives composed by Philotheos Kokkinos (ca. 1300-1378) for his contemporaries Nikodemos the Younger, Sabas the Younger, Isidore Boucheir, Germanos Maroules, and Gregory Palamas. Notwithstanding Kokkinos' prominent role in the political and ecclesiastical scene of fourteenth-century Byzantium, as well as the size and significance of his hagiographic oeuvre, both the hagiographer and his saints' lives have received surprisingly little scholarly attention. My dissertation fills this gap and shows Kokkinos as a gifted hagiographer who played a leading role, both through his ecclesiastical authority and hagiographic discourse, in orchestrating the societal breakthrough of hesychast theology that has remained at the core of Christian Orthodoxy up to this day. The dissertation is structured in three parts. The first, Philotheos Kokkinos and His OEuvre, offers an extensive biographical portrait of Kokkinos, introduces his literary oeuvre, and discusses its manuscript tradition. A thorough palaeographical investigation of fourteenth-century codices carrying his writings reveals Kokkinos' active involvement in the process of copying, reviewing, and publishing his own works. This section includes an analysis of the 'author's edition' manuscript Marcianus graecus 582, and presents its unusual fate. Moreover, Part I establishes the chronology of Kokkinos' vitae of contemporary saints and offers biographical sketches of his heroes, highlighting their relationship to their hagiographer. The second part, Narratological Analysis of Kokkinos' Vitae of Contemporary Saints, constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of Kokkinos' narrative technique. It first discusses the types of hagiographic composition ('hagiographic genre') Kokkinos employed for his saints' lives (hypomnema, bios kai politeia, and logos), and then it offers a detailed investigation that sheds light on the organization of the narrative in Kokkinos' vitae and his use of specific narrative devices. This includes a discussion of hesychastic elements couched in the narrative. Part II concludes with considerations on Kokkinos' style and intended audience. The third part, Saints and Society, begins with a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the miracle accounts Kokkinos wove in his saints' lives. This considers the miracle typology, types of afflictions, methods of healing, and the demographic characteristics of the beneficiaries (such as age, gender, and social status), revealing that Kokkinos shows a predilection for including miracles for members of the aristocracy. Second, it presents Kokkinos' view on the relationship between the imperial office and ecclesiastical authority by analysing how he portrays the emperor(s) in his vitae. Moreover, this part addresses the saints' encounters with the 'other' (Muslims and Latins), revealing Kokkinos' nuanced understanding of the threats and opportunities raised by these interactions. Finally, it makes the claim that through his saints' lives Kokkinos offers models of identification and refuge in the troubled social and political context of fourteenth-century Byzantium, promoting a spiritual revival of society. As my dissertation shows, Kokkinos' vitae of contemporary saints sought to shape and were shaped by the political and theological disputes of fourteenth-century Byzantium, especially those surrounding hesychasm. Their analysis offers insights into the thought-world of their author and sheds more light on the late-Byzantine religious and cultural context of their production. The dissertation is equipped with six technical appendices presenting the chronology of Kokkinos' life and works, the narrative structure of his vitae of contemporary saints, a critical edition of the preface of his hitherto unedited Logos on All Saints (BHG 1617g), a transcription of two hitherto unedited prayers Kokkinos addressed to the emperors, the content of Marc. gr. 582 and Kokkinos' autograph interventions, and manuscript plates.

Dans une perspective développementale et en prolongement des travaux sur la psychogénèse de l’écrit, la recherche présentée dans cette thèse étudie la rencontre précoce entre le jeune enfant et le livre, médiatisée par la lecture à voix haute adressée par l’adulte lecteur. Les pratiques familiales autour du livre jeunesse ont été évaluées à partir de questionnaires remplis par les parents pour 165 enfants. Les interactions ont été observées pour 67 dyadesenfant(s)/parent(s) lors de trois rencontres. 75 enfants ont suivi des ateliers mensuels de lecture avec variation du mode d’interaction de l’adulte lecteur, neutre ou participatif. Les résultats obtenus situent l’avènement moyen de l’usage canonique du livre aux 17 mois de l’enfant. Le stade de construction canonique du livre fait varier le statut du livre pour l’enfant, passant d’un objet à manipuler à un objet support de lecture partagée. Pour le parent, le stade canonique de son enfant n’a pas d’influence sur le statut qu’il reconnaît au livre, qui fait l’objet, pour une majorité de parents, d’une distinction franche d’avec le jeu. L’enfant adapte son mode de communication et fait varier son niveau d’engagement dans l’activité selon le type de participation, neutre ou participatif, induit par l’adulte. Nos observations et analyses ont permis de dégager trois profils d’enfants et de parents dans la rencontre précoce avec l’objet livre selon leur mode de communication, le statut reconnu au livre, les pratiques familiales et l’engagement dans l’activité. La rencontre précoce entre l’enfant et le livre, portée par l’adulte, apparaît comme une étape nécessaire dans les débuts de la psychogénèse de l’écrit. / Through a developmental perspective and in the wake of previous works about the psychogenesis of writing, the research presented in this doctoral dissertation studies the early encounters between the child and the book, mediated by the reading aloud of the adult. The family practices regarding children’s books have been assessed from questionnaires filled out by parents for 165 children. The interactions have been observed for 67 child(ren)/parent(s) dyads on three separate occasions. 75 children have attended monthly reading workshops involving different modes of interaction with the adult reader, from neutral to participatory. The results thus obtained set the average advent of canonical book use around the child’s seventeenth month. The book’s canonical construction phase alters the book status in the eyes of the child, from an object to manipulate to one of support for shared reading. For the parents, the child’s canonical phase has no influence on the status they grant the book, as the majority of parents distinguish clearly reading from playing. The child adapts its mode of communication and its involvement in the activity based on the adult’s degree of participation, from neutral to participatory. Our observations and analyses during the early encounters with the book object have outlined three profiles of children and parents, based on their mode of communication, the status granted to the book, family practices and the involvement in the activity. Carried by the adult, the early encounters between the child and the book appear as necessary steps toward the psychogenesis of writing.