研發計畫的評估是一個複雜且重要的問題，特別是在新興的生技醫藥產業，生技醫藥產業雖然爆發力強，卻具有研發時程長、風險大的特性，再加上投資金額龐大，回收期長，如何在有限的資源及高度的不確定性下，進行正確的投資評估變成了關乎未來公司存亡的關鍵。 一般而言，質化的評估方式，容易受決策者主觀意見所影響，造成決策品質的不確定性。而量化的評估方式，並不易讓企業管理者瞭解與使用，加上模式的限制可能只適用於某些特定情形，造成決策的真實情境無法完全由數學模式中表達出來，而降低了決策的參考性。 以藥物開發為例，針對生醫產業的特性，從評估參與人員、質化評估、量化評估、評估要求、評估標準、評估程序等不同的構面去探討與分析可能合適的研發評估模式。本論文進一步以個案訪談的方式，收集實際運作的經驗與意見，瞭解目前業界目前實務上使用的評估方式，並與先前的生醫產業評估模式對照比較，瞭解理論與實務上的落差，探討其關鍵要素，以整體的效益評估觀點，對公司決策者或研發主管提出建議。 / The evaluation for R&D project is usually regarded as an important and complicated issue for enterprises, especially in the biomedical industry. Such a concern may be highly applied to the biomedical industry, which is involved with lengthy R&D process, high level of risk, and large cost. This project, therefore, will attempt to study the appropriate approaches to determine whether a proposed R&D project is worthwhile to be launched for a biomedical enterprise with limited resources. In general, qualitative research may be involved with the evaluator’s personal experience, negatively influencing the evaluation results. On the other hand, not each of the selected models employed by quantitative research is fully compatible to evaluation process. This study suggests that either qualitative or quantitative research may not be the most appropriate tool to conduct R&D project evaluation. This study aims to use drug development as a study target and further to discuss the most appropriate evaluation approach from the five aspects, including reviewer’s professional, evaluation items of qualitative research, evaluation items of quantitative research, requirement for evaluation process, and criteria for project approval. This study also assumes that a final review process is required to be proceeded in addition to taking the above five aspects into account. This study begins with related references and collecting the opinions provided by the professionals working in the biomedical industry about real cases. Through the case study method, the study may better understand the difference between the theoretical models and real practices and further to identify the key successful factors for the evaluation model. Finally the study suggests a comprehensive evaluation model to decision makers or research managers.

勞動基準法、勞工退休金條例課予雇主於成就一定要件下，有給付勞工退休金、資遣費之責，以保護照顧勞工。然時至今日，為因應全球化趨勢，經營者透過交互協力的經營網絡，使人事調動亦趨於頻繁，產生多法人格經營組織形態下的調職。惟勞工退休金與資遣費係本於勞動契約之請求，故其求償對象為「勞動契約上雇主」，當事人一方(事業單位)改變，工作年資重新計算，將衍生應以誰承擔雇主責任及工作年資併計、平均工資計算等債權範圍問題。甚或雇主透過關係企業交叉控制，濫用公司法人格、掏空資產，導致關廠歇業，勞工之債權求償無門。 勞動基準法各條文所規範之雇主(責任主體)，須斟酌各該法條的立法意旨與目的予以審酌認定，且未包含多重勞動關係之處理。我國公司法第154條第2項規定引進揭穿公司面紗原則，惟勞工如係因關係企業、家族企業調動，導致工作年資中斷或勞動條件不利益變更，損及其權益，尚難逕以該法條要求控制股東負清償之責，以擴張雇主責任。又104年2月4日修正公布勞動基準法第28條規定，提升退休金與資遣費之受償順位，並納入墊償，該條文對勞動債權之保護及施行以來之適用問題，亦為本文關切之重點。 　　本文將從雇主範圍、跨法人格企業調動、經營主體消滅等變動因素下，探討勞工退休金及資遣費之求償對象、求償範圍及債權保護等，並透過檢視現行勞動法制、公司法關係企業債權人保護之規定，介紹美國「揭穿公司面紗原則」、日本「法人格否認理論」、我國實務發展「實體同一性」概念等，試圖描繪擴充退休金與資遣費求償與保護法制之輪廓，並對於擴張勞工退休金與資遣費追償對象之可能，提出相關建議以供參考。

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Hudáková, J. Criminal liability of legal persons Criminal liability of legal persons is a significant change to the continental European law. It is a sensible breakthrough into the core principle of an individual criminal responsibility of individuals. In connection with the adoption of Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on the criminal liability of legal persons and proceedings against them, the thesis deals with main aspects of the criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic. After defining of legal grounds of the criminal responsibility author subsequently discusses sanctioning of legal persons. At the same time, the author discusses legal regulation of moral person criminal liability in France. She outlines the principles of criminal liability of legal persons, as well as the conditions for imposing sanctions. The author tries to demonstrate, by means of the attached statistical surveys, the numerous application of this institute in the French legal practice. Finally, the author tries to compare Czech and French legislation in selected aspects.

Cette thèse explique et présente notre démarche de la réalisation d’un système à base de règles de reconnaissance et de classification automatique des EN en arabe. C’est un travail qui implique deux disciplines : la linguistique et l’informatique. L’outil informatique et les règles la linguistiques s’accouplent pour donner naissance à une nouvelle discipline ; celle de « traitement automatique des langues », qui opère sur des niveaux différents (morphosyntaxique, syntaxique, sémantique, syntactico-sémantique etc.). Nous avons donc, dans ce qui nous concerne, mis en œuvre des informations et règles linguistiques nécessaires au service du logiciel informatique, qui doit être en mesure de les appliquer, pour extraire et classifier, par des annotations syntaxiques et/ou sémantiques, les différentes classes d’entités nommées.Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit donc dans un cadre général de traitement automatique des langues, mais plus particulièrement dans la continuité des travaux réalisés au niveau de l’analyse morphosyntaxique par la conception et la réalisation des bases des données lexicales SAMIA et ensuite DIINAR avec l’ensemble de résultats de recherches qui en découlent. C’est une tâche qui vise à l’enrichissement lexical par des entités nommées simples et complexes, et qui veut établir la transition de l’analyse morphosyntaxique vers l’analyse syntaxique, et syntatico-sémantique dans une visée plus générale de l’analyse du contenu textuel. Pour comprendre de quoi il s’agit, il nous était important de commencer par la définition de l’entité nommée. Et pour mener à bien notre démarche, nous avons distingué entre deux types principaux : pur nom propre et EN descriptive. Nous avons aussi établi une classification référentielle en se basant sur diverses classes et sous-classes qui constituent la référence de nos annotations sémantiques. Cependant, nous avons dû faire face à deux difficultés majeures : l’ambiguïté lexicale et les frontières des entités nommées complexes. Notre système adopte une approche à base de règles syntactico-sémantiques. Il est constitué, après le Niveau 0 d’analyse morphosyntaxique, de cinq niveaux de construction de patrons syntaxiques et syntactico-sémantiques basés sur les informations linguistique nécessaires (morphosyntaxiques, syntaxiques, sémantique, et syntactico-sémantique). Ce travail, après évaluation en utilisant deux corpus, a abouti à de très bons résultats en précision, en rappel et en F–mesure. Les résultats de notre système ont un apport intéressant dans différents application du traitement automatique des langues notamment les deux tâches de recherche et d’extraction d’informations. En effet, on les a concrètement exploités dans les deux applications (recherche et extraction d’informations). En plus de cette expérience unique, nous envisageons par la suite étendre notre système à l’extraction et la classification des phrases dans lesquelles, les entités classifiées, principalement les entités nommées et les verbes, jouent respectivement le rôle d’arguments et de prédicats. Un deuxième objectif consiste à l’enrichissement des différents types de ressources lexicales à l’instar des ontologies. / This thesis explains and presents our approach of rule-based system of arabic named entity recognition and classification. This work involves two disciplines : linguistics and computer science. Computer tools and linguistic rules are merged to give birth to a new discipline : Natural Languge Processsing, which operates in different levels (morphosyntactic, syntactic, semantic, syntactico-semantic…). So, in our particular case, we have put the necessary linguistic information and rules to software sevice. This later should be able to apply and implement them in order to recognise and classify, by syntactic and semantic annotations, the different named entity classes.This work of thesis is incorporated within the general domain of natural language processing, but it particularly falls within the scope of the continuity of the accomplished work in terms of morphosyntactic analysis and the realisation of lexical data bases of SAMIA and then DIINAR as well as the accompanying scientific recearch. This task aimes at lexical enrichement with simple and complex named entities and at establishing the transition from the morphological analysis into syntactic and syntactico-semantic analysis. The ultimate objective is text analysis. To understand what it is about, it was important to start with named entity definition. To carry out this task, we distinguished between two main named entity types : pur proper name and descriptive named entities. We have also established a referential classification on the basis of different classes and sub-classes which constitue the reference for our semantic annotations. Nevertheless, we are confronted with two major difficulties : lexical ambiguity and the frontiers of complex named entities. Our system adoptes a syntactico-semantic rule-based approach. After Level 0 of morpho-syntactic analysis, the system is made up of five levels of syntactic and syntactico-semantic patterns based on tne necessary linguisic information (i.e. morphosyntactic, syntactic, semantic and syntactico-semantic information).This work has obtained very good results in termes of precision, recall and F-measure. The output of our system has an interesting contribution in different applications of the natural language processing especially in both tasks of information retrieval and information extraction. In fact, we have concretely exploited our system output in both applications (information retrieval and information extraction). In addition to this unique experience, we envisage in the future work to extend our system into the sentence extraction and classification, in which classified entities, mainly named entities and verbs, play respectively the role of arguments and predicates. The second objective consists in the enrichment of different types of lexical resources such as ontologies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veronica SPRANGIM.pdf: 714835 bytes, checksum: 2147d9db1053b7cbaac71544c4217959 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-09 / The objective of this work is to systematize the rules concerning the income tax imposed on the earnings of a legal entity domiciled in Brazil derived from a branch based overseas. To begin with an analysis was made of the rules present in the Federal Constitution, in order to identify the minimum content of the income concept and verification of the compatibility between the Constitution and the pertinent rules contained in the Brazilian Tax Code ( Código Tributário Nacional ). With reference to the structural rule of corporate income tax, we analyzed the calculation basis of the tax, examining at greater depth the negative elements in its composition. Given the need of fixing the content of the vocabulum used in the Federal Constitution for the identification of the elements of the income tax levy event, we resumed the question of the limits imposed on the statutory legislator in the exercise of his taxing power upon producing the institutor laws of this tax, especially in relation to the income , profit , assets and liabilities and legal entity concepts. We verified the existing relationship between the taxpayer and the fact described in the structural rule of income tax on the profits of legal entities, in an effort to identify the limits in the election of the debtor and the corresponding effect on the calculation basis, specifically, in the cases wherein it, the legal entity, applies the material criterion: earn income . We address the case of a legal entity owner of several establishments and the respective legal implication for the purposes of income tax. Finally, always through the application of a systematic method of interpretation, we study the rules that discipline the income earned by a legal entity domiciled in Brazil through a branch based overseas / O objetivo deste trabalho é sistematizar as normas referentes ao imposto sobre a renda incidente sobre os resultados de pessoa jurídica domiciliada no Brasil auferidos através de filial localizada no exterior. Partiu-se da análise das normas presentes na Constituição Federal na busca da identificação do conteúdo mínimo do conceito de renda . Verificou-se a compatibilidade entre a Constituição e as normas pertinentes veiculadas no Código Tributário Nacional. Com referência à regra-matriz do imposto sobre a renda, analisou-se a sua base de cálculo, com aprofundamento sobre os elementos negativos na sua composição. Dada a necessidade de fixação do conteúdo dos vocábulos utilizados na Constituição Federal para a identificação dos elementos da hipótese de incidência do imposto sobre a renda, retomamos o questionamento dos limites impostos ao legislador ordinário no exercício de sua competência tributária ao produzir normas instituidoras desse imposto, especialmente em relação aos conceitos e conteúdos de renda , lucro , patrimônio , pessoa jurídica .Verificamos a relação existente entre o contribuinte e o fato descrito no antecedente da norma jurídica tributária do imposto de renda sobre o lucro da pessoa jurídica, em busca da identificação dos limites na fixação do sujeito passivo, bem como, refletimos sobre a manipulação nessa escolha e o correspondente efeito na base de cálculo, especificadamente, nas hipóteses em que ela, pessoa jurídica, realiza o critério material: auferir renda . Abordamos a hipótese de pessoa jurídica titular de diversos estabelecimentos e a respectiva implicação legal para efeitos do imposto sobre a renda. Por fim, sempre mediante a aplicação do método sistemático de interpretação, debruçamo-nos sobre as normas que disciplinam os resultados auferidos por pessoa jurídica domiciliada no Brasil através de filial localizada no exterior

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Andre de Castro Guerra.pdf: 641515 bytes, checksum: ee219912a83c1db4b0242b77d8dc32a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 / Under the Federal Constitution the concept of spouse, companion and dependents should reflect the contemporary position of the essential right to a social security pension, which is warranted to such beneficiaries of the deceased person covered by social security in the occurrence of death. Accordingly, it should be inquired up to what extent the essentiality of this social right has been receiving the deserved and indispensable attention by the jurists and a fair treatment in the court decisions; starting from the reasons that led the Constitution to distinguish the spouse from the companion and both from dependents in its text, and what arguments justify these legal figures jointly under the single title of dependents in the Constitution, as if the express distinction set out in the Constitution was superfluous and unnecessary; without disregarding other aspects of the family of the person covered by social security and those who survive him/her, needy of means to survive. The evaluation and adjustment of the tension of these and other legal situations to the essentiality of this right should follow the dynamics of the principles of the human being s dignity, solidarity, equality and of the constitutional principles that may be influenced by the stimulations and interferences of the day-to-day, in the dialectic relation that is established with the social fact, with the contribution of legal theory and jurisprudence. Thus, this essay competes with its view, under the constitutional perspective, on the subject concerning the beneficiaries of a pension for death of the person covered by social security / O que se entender por cônjuge, companheiro e dependentes à luz da Constituição da República há de evidenciar a visão contemporânea do direito fundamental a prestações da previdência social assegurado a tais beneficiários do segurado falecido para cobertura do evento morte. Dessa maneira, cumpre indagar até que ponto a fundamentalidade desse direito social tem merecido a indispensável atenção doutrinária e adequado tratamento pela jurisprudência. A começar, portanto, pelas razões que levaram o constituinte a distinguir o cônjuge do companheiro e ambos dos dependentes no texto constitucional, e que argumentos podem justificar essas figuras de direito reunidas sob o título singular de dependentes no texto legal, como se a distinção expressa do texto constitucional fosse supérflua e desnecessária. Sem descurar de outros aspectos da entidade familiar, integrada pelo segurado e pessoas que a ele sobreviveram, necessitados de meios para sobrevivência. Aferir e ajustar a tensão dessas e doutras situações jurídicas à fundamentalidade desse direito obedece à dinâmica dos princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana, da solidariedade, da igualdade e dos valores da Lei Maior, permeáveis aos estímulos e interferências do cotidiano, na relação dialética que se estabelece com o fato social e com a contribuição da doutrina e da jurisprudência. A dissertação concorre com a sua óptica, na perspectiva constitucional, sobre o tema dos beneficiários da pensão por morte

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Marchetti.pdf: 735018 bytes, checksum: 3ae38acc6676c0d92a27e036bba4e5e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-09 / This present work has the purpose of developing a study on the immunity of jurisdiction and of enforcement of foreign public entity that hires Brazilian workers. Its analysis passes through the perception of a new international dynamic that places the state sovereignty, previously seen as unlimited, as something relative, which ends up propitiating the understanding that the immunity of jurisdiction is a value that may suffer limitations. The facts that triggered the relativization of this immunity serve to understand the gradual adaptation of its regulation to the characteristics of the international public law, upon the division of the acts practiced by the States into acts of government and acts of management. Having relativized the immunity in the procedure s instruction phase, thesis already appeased both in Brazil and in the majority of the countries of the international community, the challenge is to mitigate the immunity in the enforcement of the judgment decision phase, which continues generating polemics, maintaining almost absolute. This situation shows to be inefficient for solution of the majority of labor-related conflicts between domestic employees and foreign entities governed by public law, whether due to the difficulty in finding goods from the foreign State possible of being expatriated, whether due to the lack of execution of this procedure through the diplomatic means. We will thus seek to propose new guidelines to make effective the final verdict in labor lawsuits filed by national persons against foreign entities governed by public law, based on the fact that work is a constitutionally ensured human value in our country, to be observed inclusively by a foreign State, without this harming its sovereignty / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um estudo sobre a imunidade de jurisdição e de execução do ente público externo que contrata trabalhadores brasileiros. Sua análise passa pela percepção de uma nova dinâmica internacional que coloca a soberania estatal, antes tida como ilimitada, como algo relativo, o que acaba por propiciar o entendimento de que a imunidade de jurisdição é um valor passível de sofrer limitações. Os fatos que desencadearam a relativização dessa imunidade servem para entender a gradual adequação de sua regulação às características do direito internacional público, mediante a divisão dos atos praticados pelos Estados em atos de império e atos de gestão. Relativizada a imunidade na fase de conhecimento do processo, tese já pacificada tanto no Brasil como na maioria dos países da comunidade internacional, o desafio é abrandar a imunidade na fase de execução de sentença, que continua gerando polêmicas, mantendo-se quase absoluta. Essa situação mostrase ineficiente para a solução da maioria dos conflitos de natureza trabalhista entre empregados nacionais e entes de direito público externo, quer pela dificuldade de se encontrar bens do Estado estrangeiro passíveis de serem expropriados, quer pela falta de efetivação desse processo pela via da diplomacia. Buscaremos, dessa forma, propor novas diretrizes para tornar efetiva a sentença condenatória em ações trabalhistas movidas por nacionais contra os entes de direito público externo, com fundamento de que o trabalho é valor humano constitucionalmente assegurado no nosso país, a ser respeitado inclusive pelo Estado estrangeiro, sem que com isso seja ferida a sua soberania

Em diversos serviços de radioterapia brasileiros há a premente necessidade de sistematização de processos que ainda hoje, mesmo com acesso à tecnologia da informação, é realizada manualmente. Este fato acontece com o controle dos pacientes em planejamento radioterápico onde os dados de todas as etapas do processo são inseridos em um quadro físico conforme executadas. Esses dados consistem desde o agendamento da tomografia de planejamento até a liberação do mesmo para o tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo é o desenvolvimento de um software para controle eletrônico de pacientes em processo de planejamento radioterápico, substituindo o quadro físico utilizado atualmente. Foi utilizado para este estudo a técnica de elicitação de requisitos, que resulta em um documento de requisitos que serve de base para a modelagem do sistema através de diagramas UML e modelagem conceitual do banco de dados MySql e posteriormente a utilização da técnica de mapeamento objeto relacional (MOR). A consistência nos dados permite acesso seguro e confiável à esses dados, facilita a obtenção de dados estatísticos e agiliza o processo de planejamento, já que de posse de estatísticas consistentes é possível a identificação de gargalos no processo e sua resolução com maior rapidez. O resultado deste estudo é um software e banco de dados que integra todas as informações do processo de planejamento radioterápico. / In Brazilian radiotherapy departments there is a pressing need for systematization of processes, that even today with the access of information technology is performed manually. The control of the patients in radiotherapy planning with the data of all the steps of the process are inserted in a physical board as they are executed. These data consist of scheduling since the planning tomography until the release of the patient for the treatment. The objective of this study is the development of a software for electronic control of patients in radiotherapy planning process, replacing the physical board currently used. The requirements for the elicitation technique was used for this study, which results in a requirements document that serves as the basis for modeling the system through UML diagrams and conceptual modeling of the MySql database and after using the relational object mapping technique (MOR). The data consistency allows secure and reliable access to these data, facilitates the collection of statistical data and streamlines the planning process, this consistent statistics allow the identification of limitation in the process and faster resolution. The result of this study is a software and database that integrates all the information of the radiotherapy planning process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Fidalgo.pdf: 16088782 bytes, checksum: e136f0aff41651cea382a81612b81f29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / This study aims to discuss the possibility of rescissory action based on article 485, V, of the Code of Civil Procedure, under the justification of jurisprudential divergence. It defends that the merit decision transited in rem judicatam may be rescinded if it is contrary to prevailing jurisprudence at the time, considering analogous situations and incurred in a similar historical and social moment, under penalty of offense to the principle of isonomy, not applicable the Supreme Court Precedent Nr. 343 as being unconstitutional. Under the same argument, it presents the possibility of rescissory action against decision that does not obey the binding precedent and decision contrary to prevailing jurisprudence determined later. It also defends the possibility of rescissory action against sentence based on rule of law later declared unconstitutional and against decision declaring unconstitutional rule of law later declared constitutional. The study is presented in three main parts. The first one relates to the concepts and legal nature of the rescissory action, its admissibility presuppositions and the traditional assumptions of rescissory action. The second part addresses the issue of the possibility of rescissory action based on jurisprudential divergence. Finally; the third part is dedicated to the concepts of the rescissory action elements (parties, cause of action and claim - ius rescindens and ius rescissorium), as well as it address the jurisdiction and the suspension of effects of the rescinded decision / O presente 'trabalho tem por objeto discutir a possibilidade de ação rescisória, fundamentada no artigo 485, V, do Código de Processo Civil, sob a, justificativa de -', divergência jurisprudencial. Defende que a decisão de mérito transitada em julgado pode ser rescindida se for contrária à jurisprudência dominante à época, considerando situações análogas e havidas em um idêntico momento histórico e social, sob pena de ofensa ao princípio da isonomia, não sendo aplicável a Súmula. 343 do STF, por ser inconstitucional. Sob esse mesmo argumento, apresenta a possibilidade de ação rescisória contra decisão que não obedecer a súmula vinculante, além de decisão contrária a jurisprudência dominante fixada posteriormente. Também defende a possibilidade de ação rescisória contra sentença fundada em norma posteriormente declarada inconstitucional e contra decisão que considerou inconstitucional norma posteriormente declarada constitucional. O trabalho se apresenta em três grandes partes. A primeira diz respeito aos conceitos e natureza jurídica da ação rescisória, seus pressupostos de admissibilidade e as hipóteses tradicionais da ação rescisória. Na segunda parte, aborda o tema da possibilidade de ação rescisória fundamentada em Divergência jurisprudencial. Por fim, a parte final é dedicada aos conceitos da competência da ação rescisória e da suspensão dos efeitos da decisão rescindenda