<p>The role of the professional photographer is ever changing. The changes take place as the Swedish media industry itself, due to fluctuations in the economy, is forced to change. As the demand for printed news wane, the advertisers seek out other media and free newsprint & the internet take over large portions of the market, the newspaper industry is forced to cut issues and make drastic changes to stay in business. This changes directly affects the way news bureaus are organised and inevitably changes the working conditions of their employees. The two competing newspapers “Arbetarbladet” and Gefle Dagblad” in the Gävle district were affected by this kind of change in quite a unique way. To cut costs the photo departments of the two newspapers were merged, now providing pictures for both rivals and breaking new ground as a Swedish first in doing so. The purpose of this study was/is to research if, and in that case how, the roles of the professional photographers has changed as the departments were merged. We based our research on observations of the everyday tasks at the merged department using these observations to formulate questions for the affected photographers and their supervisors. These observations made it possible for us to gain an understanding of how the photographers dealt with their new working conditions. Observing and participating in the work was also important as it let us, as researchers, gain the respect of the photographers. Our observations and experiences forming the base of our interviews made it possible for us to ask the relevant questions. During the interviews the different ways in which these photographers roles have changed became more distinct. The photographers still perform all those tasks that form the base of their trade, producing pictures, meeting people and documenting important events, but the differences compared to their former roles were drastic. The photographers were no longer expected to take an active role in the journalistic creation of news as this would destroy the neutral balancing act between the two rivalling newspapers. They no longer went to a location with just one reporter, but often with two rivalling ones all in the same car. This major change damages the teamwork between the reporter and the photographer, who are no longer able to freely discuss the way they want to present the story to the readers. The photographers can see both improvements and drawbacks in their daily work after the merge and/but are all/still convinced that future changes are inevitable.</p> / <p>Den fotografiska yrkesrollen befinner sig i en ständig förändring. Det sker i takt med att mediemarknaden i Sverige omvandlas på grund av ekonomins svängningar. När efterfrågan på papperstidningar sjunker, annonsörer sviker och gratistidningar och internet tar över allt mer av marknaden, tvingas företagsledningar ta beslut om minskad upplaga och drastiska besparingsåtgärder. Detta har direkt effekt på redaktionsorganisationer och förändrar också oundvikligen villkoren för de som arbetar där. I Gävle drabbas fotograferna på de båda konkurrerande tidningarna Arbetarbladet och Gefle Dagblad på ett unikt sätt. För att spara pengar slogs de båda fotoredaktionerna samman och konkurrenterna blev därmed först i Sverige med att ha en fotoavdelning som skulle fungera som en bildbyrå.</p><p> </p><p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka om och i så fall hur fotografernas yrkesroll förändrades i och med sammanslagningen.</p><p> </p><p>För att få svar på syftet använde vi oss av observationer av de vardagliga sysslorna på den sammanslagna redaktionen och respondentintervjuer med de berörda fotograferna och deras bildchef. Deltagande observationer gjorde vi för att få insyn i hur arbetet för fotograferna fungerade. Observationerna var också viktiga eftersom de etablerade ett förtroende hos fotograferna för oss som forskare. Det vi såg och upplevde blev sedan viktigt när vi utarbetade intervjufrågor och gjorde det lättare för oss genomföra intervjuerna.</p><p> </p><p>I och med respondentintervjuerna kom vi fram till att fotografernas yrkesroll har förändrats på många sätt. Fotograferna förväntas inte längre delta i det journalistiska skapandet av nyheter. Eftersom deras förhållande till de två konkurrerande uppdragsgivarna, ska vara neutralt. En stor skillnad är att fotograferna på ”bildbyrån” numera inte bara har en reporter med sig i bilen på vissa uppdrag, de har två konkurrenter. Detta försvårar samtal mellan reporter och fotograf som inte längre öppet kan prata om vinkel på uppdrag. Men trots alla förändringar är fotograferna är fortfarande fotografer i den bemärkelsen att de fortfarande utför de idealsysslor en fotograf förväntas göra, framställa bilder, möta människor och dokumentera viktiga händelser.  Fotograferna ser både positiva och negativa effekter i sin yrkesvardag efter sammanslagningen, alla är överens om att det inte går att undvika förändringar i framtiden.</p>

Immigration has over the years been looked upon in many different ways: At times, as something positive, bringing in manpower and new influences, but at other times as something negative – something bringing problems along with it. I have for a long time been interested in social interaction in general, and when it was time for meto write my thesis, I decided to narrow that phenomenon down and write about the socialintegration of immigrants. Along with that came mechanisms promoting it as well as intercultural appreciation, this because it quite simply felt very relevant to the initial subject. The purpose of this thesis was to identify and discuss social integration for immigrants and the mechanisms promoting it, as well as to investigate intercultural appreciation in Gävle, Sweden. Two semi-structured focus-group interviews were conducted with both immigrants and nativeSwedes. Analysis was guided by grounded theory. It was found that both native and immigrant Swedes appreciate each other’s cultures, but also find parts of them disturbing. For example the immigrant participants found the Swedish literature very interesting, while the native Swedish participants were very appreciative and fascinated by all the different foods that have been introduced thanks to immigrants. However, the native Swedes found muslim traditions such as the burqha to be offensive, while the immigrants found the general Swedish attitude towards strangers to be just the same. The mechanisms promoting integration were often seen as insufficient by the immigrant participants, but those that did exist, for example SFI, was very much appreciated and seen as a very important source for getting help with the Swedish language, thus integrating oneself. The study suggests more research on the subjects of both intercultural appreciation between “new” and “old” Swedes, as well as on the different mechanisms for social integration for immigrants, investigating its actual impact.

The role of the professional photographer is ever changing. The changes take place as the Swedish media industry itself, due to fluctuations in the economy, is forced to change. As the demand for printed news wane, the advertisers seek out other media and free newsprint &amp; the internet take over large portions of the market, the newspaper industry is forced to cut issues and make drastic changes to stay in business. This changes directly affects the way news bureaus are organised and inevitably changes the working conditions of their employees. The two competing newspapers “Arbetarbladet” and Gefle Dagblad” in the Gävle district were affected by this kind of change in quite a unique way. To cut costs the photo departments of the two newspapers were merged, now providing pictures for both rivals and breaking new ground as a Swedish first in doing so. The purpose of this study was/is to research if, and in that case how, the roles of the professional photographers has changed as the departments were merged. We based our research on observations of the everyday tasks at the merged department using these observations to formulate questions for the affected photographers and their supervisors. These observations made it possible for us to gain an understanding of how the photographers dealt with their new working conditions. Observing and participating in the work was also important as it let us, as researchers, gain the respect of the photographers. Our observations and experiences forming the base of our interviews made it possible for us to ask the relevant questions. During the interviews the different ways in which these photographers roles have changed became more distinct. The photographers still perform all those tasks that form the base of their trade, producing pictures, meeting people and documenting important events, but the differences compared to their former roles were drastic. The photographers were no longer expected to take an active role in the journalistic creation of news as this would destroy the neutral balancing act between the two rivalling newspapers. They no longer went to a location with just one reporter, but often with two rivalling ones all in the same car. This major change damages the teamwork between the reporter and the photographer, who are no longer able to freely discuss the way they want to present the story to the readers. The photographers can see both improvements and drawbacks in their daily work after the merge and/but are all/still convinced that future changes are inevitable. / Den fotografiska yrkesrollen befinner sig i en ständig förändring. Det sker i takt med att mediemarknaden i Sverige omvandlas på grund av ekonomins svängningar. När efterfrågan på papperstidningar sjunker, annonsörer sviker och gratistidningar och internet tar över allt mer av marknaden, tvingas företagsledningar ta beslut om minskad upplaga och drastiska besparingsåtgärder. Detta har direkt effekt på redaktionsorganisationer och förändrar också oundvikligen villkoren för de som arbetar där. I Gävle drabbas fotograferna på de båda konkurrerande tidningarna Arbetarbladet och Gefle Dagblad på ett unikt sätt. För att spara pengar slogs de båda fotoredaktionerna samman och konkurrenterna blev därmed först i Sverige med att ha en fotoavdelning som skulle fungera som en bildbyrå.   Syftet med studien var att undersöka om och i så fall hur fotografernas yrkesroll förändrades i och med sammanslagningen.   För att få svar på syftet använde vi oss av observationer av de vardagliga sysslorna på den sammanslagna redaktionen och respondentintervjuer med de berörda fotograferna och deras bildchef. Deltagande observationer gjorde vi för att få insyn i hur arbetet för fotograferna fungerade. Observationerna var också viktiga eftersom de etablerade ett förtroende hos fotograferna för oss som forskare. Det vi såg och upplevde blev sedan viktigt när vi utarbetade intervjufrågor och gjorde det lättare för oss genomföra intervjuerna.   I och med respondentintervjuerna kom vi fram till att fotografernas yrkesroll har förändrats på många sätt. Fotograferna förväntas inte längre delta i det journalistiska skapandet av nyheter. Eftersom deras förhållande till de två konkurrerande uppdragsgivarna, ska vara neutralt. En stor skillnad är att fotograferna på ”bildbyrån” numera inte bara har en reporter med sig i bilen på vissa uppdrag, de har två konkurrenter. Detta försvårar samtal mellan reporter och fotograf som inte längre öppet kan prata om vinkel på uppdrag. Men trots alla förändringar är fotograferna är fortfarande fotografer i den bemärkelsen att de fortfarande utför de idealsysslor en fotograf förväntas göra, framställa bilder, möta människor och dokumentera viktiga händelser.  Fotograferna ser både positiva och negativa effekter i sin yrkesvardag efter sammanslagningen, alla är överens om att det inte går att undvika förändringar i framtiden.

This thesis investigates and illustrates how men are presented and treated in legal cases concerning sexual crimes in Gävle during the time period of 1631 to 1639 and how the norms concerning manhood are represented in the text. The theoretical material used to analyse the result are based on a number of different approaches to the concept of the social constructed gender, such as Marxism, power, control and gender-system. Joan Wallach Scott, R. W Connell and Yvonne Hirdman are three of the seven researchers used in the theoretical material and analysis.   Previous research regarding similar cases has mainly been focused on women and their rights. Åsa Karlsson Sjögren is one researcher who used the same source material that is used in this thesis but her dissertation focuses on women’s rights in all of the legal cases and men are only mentioned to show the contrast between the sexes. Marie Lindstedt Cronberg, Gudrun Andersson, and Malin Lennartsson are some of the other researchers that have concluded similar research.   The most important thing that this thesis illustrates is the fact that is seems to be the women’s sexual status in each case that determines the man’s sentence, in excess of the crime itself, apart from the crimes concerning incest and fornication. The men are presented in a different way than the women where the men’s social status is more important than the women’s. This indicates that the norms concerning manhood differs depending on who the woman in the crime is and what she has done, sexually, beforehand. Men should not commit sexual crimes but the severity of the crime differs depending on the man’s social status and the woman’s sexual status.

This research paper examines the advantages of deployment of naval forces in peace support operations. The study has been undertaken because the research on this subject is fairly limited. The research tends to be normative and traditional strategists are often focusing on the effect of naval force in terms of war. None of the writers on the subject dispute the use of naval force moreover, they tend to highlight the advantages of a naval force.   The purpose is to analyse the usefulness of a naval force in peace support operations. This has been achieved by testing Till´s theory of the inherently advantage of a naval force in a study of two cases, Operation Sharp Guard in the Adriatic Sea during the conflict in former Yugoslavia and the Swedish contribution to UNIFIL MTF448 in Lebanon. These two cases were selected in order to ascertain to what extent Till´s theory can explain the effect of naval force. Results of this analyse demonstrate the existence of sound arguments for the use of naval force in peace support operations and the empirics of the two cases are valid evidence for that. Naval force can sometimes even work as an enabler for ground troops and air force. The analysis shows furthermore that flexibility and strategic mobility was the two most distinguishing features of a naval force in both cases.

Utemöbler i dagens offentliga miljö ger möjligheter till en stunds andrum, men är det allt vi kräver idag för att trivas med vår omgivning? Samhället såväl som individen förlitar sig på telefoner och personlig elektronik för både funktioner och rekreation. Teknologi är alltid närvarande och då framtidens Smarta städer ska forma sig efter hur invånaren lever bör också utemiljön spegla hur vi lever idag med framtidssyn. Soliotech är ett företag som säljer smarta utebänkar och söker inspiration till expansionsmöjligheter inom deras sortement. Syftet med rapporten är att i undersöka trivsel i den offentliga utemiljön med fokus på solceller och smarta utemöbler, och samtidigt finna en rekommenderad väg för Soliotech att expandera sitt sortiment. Examensarbetet omfattar en klassisk designprocess indelad i sektioner: Planering, Utforska kontext, idégenerering samt prototypande. Processen förklaras linjärt för enkelhetens skull trots att den är högst iterativ. Först planeras projektet grovt innan relevanta aspekter utforskas i syfte att skapa en förståelse för intressenter, teknologi och utemiljö. Idéer genereras och utvärderas efter kriterier som byggs under utforskningen innan ett utvalt koncept tas vidare till prototypande fasen. Där experimenteras med funktion, ergonomi och gestaltning innan ett slutkoncept presenteras: Noah, en samlingsplats i utemiljö med smarta funktioner.

Amorphous silicon photovoltaic windows intend to not only improve thethermal bridge that windows represent but also to collect energy from theradiation incident on the windows themselves. This kind of windows can beapplied anywhere, however to maximize the benefit these can bring it isrecommended for sun-oriented façades. This research aims to investigate theimpacts that this type of windows can have on the energy performance andthermal comfort of a three-story historical stone building in the cold climateof Sweden using the simulation software IDA ICE. The model used for thesimulations had previously been developed and tested in other researches thatinvolved this same building. This research shows that the yearly energyconsumption for the townhall can be reduced down to 280000 kWh,representing a reduction of 5000 kWh compared to the base model, if theHigh transparency windows are applied, representing a reduction of 1,7%.The use of any of the four proposed windows has shown to increase thepercentage of best comfort hours by at least 5% and lowers the percentage ofunacceptable comfort hours at least by a 10%, even having cases with 0 hoursat this comfort level. The upper level of the South façade would be able toprovide the building with 800 kWh yearly, being the level with the highestenergy collection due to having more windows. Approximately every windowcould collect around 90 kWh yearly, which represents 20% of what a solarpanel of the same area correctly oriented could obtain in the same period oftime. Thus, the amorphous silicon photovoltaic windows do not seem to bethe best change despite offering a very promising thermal comfort. Theeconomical viability of this project is what prevents it from being feasiblesince the energy saving/obtaining characteristics are not of great magnitude.

Extrema skyfall till följd av klimatförändringar blir att vanligare och när de inträffar riskerar de att leda till urbana översvämningar. Den ökade frekvensen av skyfall är anledningen till att urbana översvämningar har lyfts som ett problem i svensk lagstiftning. Enansvarsproblematik har identifierats i relation till detta, då fastighetsägare inte är medvetna om sitt eget ansvar och därför inte anpassar sina bostäder. En kunskapsbrist bland fastighetsägare samt uppfattningen om deras exponering och utsatthet har identifierats som grunden bakom denna problematik. Sommaren 2021 inträffade ett skyfall i Gävle vilket ledde till omfattande översvämningar. Många fastighetsägare drabbades, däribland bostadsrättsföreningar. Hur bostadsrättsföreningar påverkas och resonerar kring översvämningar är ett relativt outforskat forskningsområde i svensk kontext. Av den anledningen blev därför syftet med denna studie att undersöka föreningarnas uppfattning om risk och anpassning. Detta genom att studera ordföranden inom föreningarnas uppfattning om utsatthet, sårbarhet samt möjlighet till hantering i relation till översvämningen. För att ta reda på detta genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten visar på att föreningarna har fått en något högre riskuppfattning kopplat till översvämning. I kontrast till tidigare studier kan respondenterna även identifiera ett samband till klimatförändringar. Den faktor som främst påverkade föreningarnas anpassningsförmåga negativt var att det rådde en utbredd kunskapsbrist inom föreningarna. Det finns därmed ett fortsatt stort behov av en ökad kunskap och vägledning från externa aktörer. / Extreme cloudbursts due to climate change are increasing and when these events occur urban flooding is a potential consequence. This is the reason urban flooding has been addressed in the Swedish legislation, at a national level. However, liability issues have been identified, as property owners are not fully aware of their responsibility and therefore neglect adaptation. A lack of knowledge has been identified as the main reason, as well as perception of risk. In the summer of 2021, cloud bursts struck Gävle and caused substantial urban flooding. Many housing co-operatives were affected. Housing co-operatives and how they are affected by flooding is a relatively unexplored research area in a Swedish context and therefore the purpose of this study became to: analyze how experiences of flooding has affected housing co-operatives' perception of risk and adaptation by exploring chairmans perceptions of exposure, vulnerability and flood risk management. Semi structured interviews were performed with chairmans within the boards of the housing co-operatives. The results proved there had been a slight increase in flood risk awareness. The respondents were also able to connect the flood with climate change. However, a large lack of knowledge negatively affects the adaptive capacity of the housing co-operatives. The need for further knowledge and guidance from external actors is therefore large. / Stöd för aktörssamverkan och mångfunktionell anpassning av bostadsområden

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When an energy simulation is performed for buildings it generates in lower energy consumption than what is later measured. This can often be a problem because of the building regulations which have requirements on the specific energy consumption. What distinguishes the newly built care and nursing accommodation Furugården, the building that the study deals with, is that it is differs from the normal case by having a lower measured energy consumption than what was originally planned. This study aims to find out which parts of the building's technical systems and residents' behavior that contributes to the low energy demand by means of the building energy simulation program BV2, a survey and monitored energy consumption. It can be concluded that the users' behavior has a great impact on the building's low energy consumption. Their behaviors were determined by surveys. It is mainly the low hot tap water usage that contributes to the low energy.