The aim of this study is to examine how boys, in the context of honour, are perceived by teachers and what kind of efforts are being taken in specific situations. The study is based on seven qualitative interviews with high school teachers, from four different schools in the Stockholm County, using five vignettes. The interviews were processed using a thematic analysis and the result was analysed with the help of Christie’s theory about ideal and non-ideal victims, the theory of street-level bureaucracy and to some extent pathological altruism. The results show that the teachers in general find it easier to define girls as victims rather than boys. The teachers themselves think the reason for that can be that boys are perceived to have more power over their own situation and a freedom that the girls lack. Loud and aggressive behavior complicates the boy’s victimhood further. Reports of concern to Social services are rarely mentioned and is to be taken care of by school counselors or principals. The teachers defined it as the process, but also expressed a feeling of lack of knowledge and in some cases an unwillingness to act due to a fear of prejudging.

Syftet med den aktuella studien är att utforska hur socialarbetare upplever sin kunskap och resurser i sitt arbete med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Vi genomförde en kvalitativ undersökning som baserar sig på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem socialarbetare från två olika kommuner i Sverige, som arbetar med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Insamlade data analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultatet visade på bristande kunskap och resurser inom området, vilket resulterade i bristande trygghet på arbetsplatsen. Resultatet visade även på kopplingen mellan makt och kunskap och att dessa är förbundna och beroende av varandra. På så sätt utgör bristande kunskap i sin tur maktlöshet. Kunskapen blir därmed en livlina för att socialarbetaren ska kunna utöva den makt som behövs för att kunna hjälpa offer för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Vår studie visar att det behövs mer forskning som ger nya infallsvinklar kring ett arbete med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. / The purpose of the current study was to explore how social workers experience their knowledge and resources in their work with honor-related violence and oppression. We conducted a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with five social workers from two different municipalities in Sweden, who worked with honor-related violence and oppression. Collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The result showed a lack of knowledge and resources in the area, which resulted in a lack of security in the workplace. The result also showed the connection between power and knowledge and that these are interconnected and interdependent. Lack of knowledge in turn constitutes powerlessness. Knowledge thus becomes a lifeline for the social worker to be able to exercise the power needed to help victims of honor-related violence and oppression. Our study indicates that more research is needed that gives new perspectives on a work with honor-related violence and oppression.

The samurai has been viewed as the Oriental equivalent of the feudalistic knights of Europe ever since the Europeans of old first landed on the shores of Japan in the 16th century. This comparison was not only because of their positions as the military class of their respective societies, but also because of the similarities in ethics and morality causing them to personify the concept of chivalry. The code of moral principles, based on the influences of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Shintoism, which the samurai was either instructed or required to observe, is called Bushidō or the Way of the Samurai. By the application of the theory of conceptual history, the study analysed the three works The Book of Five Rings by Miyamoto Musashi, Hagakure – The Way of the Samurai by Yamamoto Tsunetomo, and Bushido – The Soul of Japan by Inazo Nitobe. The purpose of the essay was to analyse and discuss how bushidō has been defined and explained by the three sources written in different time periods and how these three authors differ in their definitions of bushidō. Furthermore, the definitions were contextualized based on the societal changes of Japan between the time of writing the sources. The results showed how the authors focus on different aspects of what is included in bushidō and how the samurai was supposed to act for the benefit of society. Musashi added more focus on the way the samurai was supposed to excel on the battlefield. Tsunetomo, however, wrote his work while peace in Japan had established itself and thus focused on how the samurai was supposed to behave outside of the battlefield. Nitobe’s definition of bushidō also showed implications of a change in society based on how he chose to explain the concept of what bushidō was, and how it had evolved without the knights who had fostered it. Lastly, the study was discussed within an educational context. The samurai have seen a rise in popular history through games, film, advertisements, and more, and thus the curiosity of students, not only in Oriental culture, but Japanese culture in particular has been acknowledged. Therefore, teachers need further development of their own knowledge within the field of Oriental culture, which this study hopefully succeeds in.

Purpose: The purpose of this study has been to investigate how different municipalities act in their work against honor-related violence and abuse to increase understanding on how to best counteract honor-related violence and abuse. Method: This is a case study with an inductive approach that revolves around how municipalities implement decisions taken by the government and how they handle problems associated with the process of implementation. Datacollection has been made through interviews with different respondents that work against honor-related violence and abuse. Material: All material used in this survey has been gathered from the governments ten year strategy against honor-related violence and abuse, documents from the different municipalities websites regarding their work against honor-related violence and abuse as well as interviews with personal from the municipalities. Conclusion: The survey has shown that for the municipalities to be able to counteract honor-related violence and abuse, and to do what is expected of them, a variety of efforts is needed. The survey has also shown that there is some degree of co-operation between municipalities and non-profit organizations, however it was not clear if some level of co-operation between the municipalities and other authorities existed. It was also unclear how implementation of government decisions was performed. It was also established that the municipalities created regulations and guidelines based on the national board of health and welfare and government decisions.

Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är ett aktuellt och omdebatterat ämne i dagens Sverige. Enligt lag är det socialtjänsten som har det yttersta ansvaret i arbetet med att bistå de hedersutsatta med stöd, hjälp och skydd. Flertalet icke statliga organisationer som arbetar med dessa frågor har bildats, då kommunerna inte tycks ha möjlighet att ensamma bedriva kampen mot det hedersrelaterade våldet och förtrycket. Syftet med denna studie är att, genom socialarbetares berättelser, undersöka vilken roll icke statliga organisationer har i arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, samt huruvida det finns ett samarbete mellan dessa organisationer och socialtjänsten beträffande arbetet. Vidare är syftet att undersöka socialarbetares upplevelser av sin egen utsatthet för hot och våld i arbetet med hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck inom icke statliga organisationer. För att undersöka detta har Göteborg valts som exempelkommun och således studeras organisationer som är verksamma inom kommunen och på något sätt arbetar med hedersrelaterade frågor. Datainsamling har genomförts med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer, av semistrukturerad design, med fyra socialarbetare från tre olika organisationer. Intervjumaterialet har därefter bearbetats genom en narrativ analys med tematisk ansats.  Sammanfattningsvis tyder materialet i studien på att icke statliga organisationer har en viktig roll i arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Studien visar att icke statliga organisationer fyller en unik funktion i jämförelse med andra aktörer och kompletterar Göteborgs kommuns arbete mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Inom exempelkommunen finns en kommunikation mellan icke statliga organisationer och socialtjänsten i hedersfrågor, men hur samarbetet är utformat varierar. Denna studie visar att alla aktörer är av nytta i arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, och att ett gott samarbete mellan icke statliga organisationer och socialtjänst gynnar de utsatta. Utifrån materialet i studien kan vi se att det finns en risk att socialarbetare inom icke statliga organisationer utsätts för hot eller våld i arbetet med hedersfrågor. Att vara medveten om att arbetet innebär risker kan leda till oro, dock främst för klienternas säkerhet.

Studien är en kvantitativ enkätundersökning och tar hjälp av tidigare forskning för att stryka dess resultat. Heder är ett ämne som ständigt är aktuellt och flera myndigheter i Sverige arbetar aktivt med att motverka det våld och förtryck som sker inom hederskulturer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns skillnader i attityder kring hur anställda inom socialtjänstens barn och ungdoms kontor ser på unga män gentemot unga kvinnor inom hederskulturer.  Studien är viktig då den påvisar attitydskillnader hos de anställda på socialtjänsten där de unga männen betraktas som mindre utsatta när det gäller dessa undersökta områden: skam, utfrysning, hot om våld, upplevelsen av våld, dubbelliv, tvångsäktenskap, offerskap och att tvingas styra sina familjemedlemmar i jämförelse med de unga kvinnorna. Fokuset i studien är att belysa de unga männens situation av att vara offer inom hederskulturer. Studien bidrar till att öka kunskapen om de unga männens situation men mer forskning inom området efterfrågas. / The study is a quantitative survey and takes the help of previous research to strengthen its results. Honor is a topic that is constantly relevant and several authorities in Sweden are actively working to counteract the violence and oppression that takes place in honor cultures. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there are differences in attitudes about how employees in the social services' children and youth offices view young men in comparison with young women in honor cultures. The study is important as it shows differences in attitudes among employees in the social services where the young men are considered less vulnerable in these areas studied: shame, ostracism, threats of violence, the experience of violence, double life, forced marriage, being a victim and being forced to control their family members in comparison with the young women. The focus of the study is to shed light on the young men's situation of being a victim in honor cultures. The study contributes to increasing knowledge about the young men's situation, but more research in the field is requested.

1 juli 2020 trädde en ny straffskärpningsgrund i laga kraft, som innebar att hedersmotiv ska utgöra en försvårande omständighet. Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka skillnaden mellan hur tingsrätten och åklagaren motiverar och argumenterar kring hedersmotivet i sex utvalda domar, innan och efter straffskärpningsgrunden. Vi valde att göra en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av dessa domar och valde ut materialet med hjälp av ett kriteriestyrt urval. De teorier vi valde att utgå från var det ideala offret och kulturkriminologi. Vår analys av domarna resulterade i ett flertal mönster, som exempelvis: kontrollbehov hos gärningspersonen och övervåld. Vi drog slutsatsen att både tingsrätten och åklagaren redan innan straffskärpningsgrunden tillkom tog hänsyn till hedersmotivet, på så sätt att man ansåg att brottet var särskilt hänsynslöst. / On the 1st of July 2020 a new increase in the severity of a penalty gained legal effect. This means that a crime where the motive is honour-related is supposed to be seen as an aggravating circumstance. The purpose with our study is to examine the difference between how the court and prosecutor motivates and argue around the motive before and after the increased penalty.The method we chose was a qualitative content analysis and we chose the sentences with a criteria-driven selection. The theories that we chose were the ideal victim and cultural criminology. Our analysis resulted in a few patterns: need of control from the perpetrator and assault. Our conclusion is that both the court and the prosecutor before the increased penalty took the honour-related motive into account because they saw the crime as especially ruthless.

The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the terms for lgbtq people in an honor context. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with six people who identify with the lgbtq community and who describe that they have been exposed to honor related norms. The interviews were analyzed using Stockholms stads model about the staircase of honor and Suad Joseph's theory of connectivity. The results show that due to partly methodological shortcomings, it is difficult to determine whether the target group has been exposed to honor related norms or not. This is partly due to the fact that too few questions were asked about how the honor was expressed, but also to the fact that it is difficult to determine whether the target group is exposed to violence due to honor or due to heteronorms. Despite this, there are similarities between the interviewees and previous literature on the target group in terms of vulnerability, strategies and consequences. The conclusion is therefore that further research on the target group is needed to be able to more easily determine when people in the target group have been exposed to honor related norms or not.

The aim of this essay was to investigate children's and young people's living conditions within sects and within honor culture, and to examine similarities and differences between children's vulnerability within a context of sect and a context of honor. This was done by performing an analysis of two journalistic books that depict experiences based on both contexts. The method chosen was a qualitative content analysis of the text told by women who grew up in a culture of honor or in a sect. The aim was also to examine the efforts of social work and BRIS digital communication platform based on the vulnerability of children and young people in both sects and in honor culture. Two digital communication platforms were analyzed with the help of text analysis. Erving Goffman's concept stigma was used to gain an understanding of the deviant individual. The findings of the essay showed that norm-breaking behavior led to sanctions and punishment. The prevalence of different types of violence such as psychological violence, physical violence and sexual violence were found. Michel Foucault's concepts of self-discipline and punishment could explain how groups exercise punishment in the hope of individuals obedience. Pierre Bourdieu's concept of symbolic violence was used to explain the different expressions of violence and to understand male dominance in the two contexts highlighted in this essay. The largest similarities that the findings showed were the exposure to physical and psychological violence and social control. The women's stories also manifested a fear of talking about what they experienced as children. Punishments of norm-breaking behavior could mean shunning and exclusion from the group. Distinctive values regarding virginity occurred in both contexts although consequences of not following the norms in a context of honor could result in gruesome punishments. One difference between expressed vulnerability in both contexts was the focus on demons and the devil from a context of sect, which did not occur in the stories from an honor culture. A second difference was who perpetrated the violence. Within stories from sects, it was clearer that the family and the group had the role of the punisher, while in an honor context it was the family and relatives. The fear of losing God or being punished to death by the same was recurring in stories from sects, while the fear in an honor context was mainly about losing the reputation and, by extension, the person's honor.

The purpose of this study has been to understand and theorize the phenomenon of honor andhonor-systems. Honor-systems has been a widely discussed theme by different outsources.Throughout the last 20 years there has been many cases of murders rooted in the preservationof one’s honor and reputation. To understand the different factors behind honor-system,relevant theories have been carefully selected to fit the theme and direction of this study. Thechoice of method for this paper has been a qualitative literature study where the author hasexamined previous papers, reports, and other relevant studies to get an understanding of thesubject. Then the result was analyzed by two theories, a cultural theory, and a theory ofintersectionality. While researching the subject of honor-system, it has become clear that thefield of honor-systems is a researched field, there are multiple reports on the matter. Insummary the result showed that in honor-systems the biggest victim is often, women as theyare both the victim of violence and control and as the same time perpetrators. In differentcultures there are different expectations on females and males, and in in honor-systems thesystem is run as a patriarchal one. There were some key differences between the two theorieswhen trying to understand honor-systems and especially when trying to understand a culturesimpact on the individual. It has become clear that the systems of honor affect many people insociety.