<p>The aim of this study was to define students’ needs and wishes about the content of a health website. A questionnaire was distributed to 531 students at three different Universities studying two different education programs, of which 98 participated. The research was based on relevant articles, studies and literature. The study shows that students are interested in a health website and there seems to be a demand, among students, to improve their health. The study also shows that a health website would be a suitable intervention, which would reach a larger group of students compared to the interventions existing today, where the individual student would find her or his own way to a good health. Swedish University students appear to be in good health. However, the students seem to suffer from negative stress, which appears to be a common and serious problem. As the students at Sweden’s Universities have expanded during the last decades, the needs, wishes and conditions have consequently become scattered. The work in student health needs to be further researched and developed in order to meet each individual student’s needs.</p>

The Swedish way to organize sport has a long tradition and the parents play an important role in ways to organize sport. Without the thousands of adults who voluntary work the sport associations would have problems to survive. However, there are tendencies to that commitment is reduced, which means that the activity is exposed. The purpose of this study was to examine parents opinions about a nonprofit children´s sport respective professional children´s sport. The study was based on questionnaires which were distributed to 83 parents in four different sports; equestrian sport, track and field sports, ice hockey and soccer. The results show that the parents value the sport, the physical activity, in itself, and not the actual organization of the non-profit sport. Furthermore, the parents seem to be in general positive about the changes a professionalising could mean.

Målet med studien är tudelat. Å ena sidan är det en granskning av den strategiska kommunikationens utveckling och utbredning inom den svenska elitfotbollen; hur den allsvenska kommunikationen har förändrats de senaste åren med framförallt fokus på medierelationer och kommunikationsplanering. Å andra sidan är det en studie av informatörsprofessionens utbredning, eller den kommunikationsstrategiska utbredningen. Studien har som syftet att bidra till ett outforskat område inom den svenska fotbollsforskningen.   Genomförandet av studien har skett på två olika sätt. För det första har vi granskat relevant forskning om strategisk kommunikation. För det andra har vi utfört expertintervjuer med personer som är insatta i svenska elitklubbar, ansvariga hos sponsorerna till svensk elitfotboll samt med journalister som har kontakt med klubbarna i sitt arbete.   Den teoretiska delen i studien består av ett ställningstagande till vad vi anser vara strategisk kommunikation och varför den är så essentiell att arbeta med, inte minst inom sport. Vi applicerar argument från vetenskapliga artiklar med egna erfarenheter för att kunna styrka varför strategisk kommunikation är viktig inom svensk elitfotboll. Det teoretiska underlaget ger sedan utrymme för en analys av den allsvenska kommunikationen.   Studien visar att de allsvenska elitfotbollsklubbarna, som för ett par år sedan befann sig i vad vi kallar ett nolläge vad gäller kommunikationsstrategiskt arbete, har påbörjat sin kommunikativa utveckling. Klubbarna har gått från ett slutet och otillgängligt förhållningssätt till att bli mer öppna och tillgängliga för sina intressenter. Inte minst på grund av den symbios de lever i: medierna behöver fotbollen och vice versa. Samtidigt har flertalet av de allsvenska klubbarna utvecklat kommunikativa planer, något som är en nödvändighet för att kunna implementera kommunikationen i en organisation. Klubbarna, medierna och allsvenskans sponsorer är samtidigt överens om att kommunikationsarbetet behöver förbättras ytterligare. Bland annat behöver de klubbar som saknar planerad kommunikation prioritera kommunikationsarbetet för att inte förlora i slagkraft gentemot de andra klubbarna. Samtidigt krävs det att informatörerna inom klubbarna får en mer central roll i föreningen. Vidare visar studien att klubbarna är mer förberedda när det gäller att hantera kriser och skandaler. Där har planeringsarbetet prioriterats i en högre utsträckning. Samtliga klubbar har en idé till hur de ska arbeta vid en kris. Däremot saknar några av dem en nedskrivet krisplan, vilket bör upprättas i samtliga föreningar. Slutligen visar studien att informatörsprofessionen breder ut sig på ett nytt område. Informatören har tagit fotbollsdomänen i besittning. Det är en utveckling som kommer att fortsätta då fotbollsklubbarnas intressenter ställer krav på en förbättrad kommunikation. I och med omvärldens krav och klubbarnas beroende av dem kan man inte blunda för att den kommunikativa utvecklingen inom Allsvenskan kommer att fortsätta.

This study is an assignment from Västerbottens läns landsting (VLL). The study’s main objective is to examine physical exercise habits and the most common motives for exercise among employees at VLL. It also compares educational status and gender differences to see if there is any significant dissimilarity regarding motives. The study is a quantitative study that used an electronic questionnaire to collect data from the respondents. The conclusion of this survey is that high educated people are more physical active than the other educational statuses and that low educated people are least likely to participate in physical activity. There is also a significant difference between men and women and their physical activity as men in greater extension than women is physical active and exercises more. The study also showed that there is no significant difference in strength training habits between educational status or gender. The most common motives to exercise are: it´s healthy, improve stamina, inner satisfaction, maintain fitness, relaxing and it´s fun. In strength training the most common motives are: get stronger, it´s healthy, inner satisfaction, maintain fitness, get well-trained and that it is nice to strength train.

The aim of this study was to define students’ needs and wishes about the content of a health website. A questionnaire was distributed to 531 students at three different Universities studying two different education programs, of which 98 participated. The research was based on relevant articles, studies and literature. The study shows that students are interested in a health website and there seems to be a demand, among students, to improve their health. The study also shows that a health website would be a suitable intervention, which would reach a larger group of students compared to the interventions existing today, where the individual student would find her or his own way to a good health. Swedish University students appear to be in good health. However, the students seem to suffer from negative stress, which appears to be a common and serious problem. As the students at Sweden’s Universities have expanded during the last decades, the needs, wishes and conditions have consequently become scattered. The work in student health needs to be further researched and developed in order to meet each individual student’s needs.

Sammanfattning Det blir allt mer viktigt att främja god hälsa när människan idag lever ett liv i ett samhälle fyllt med höga krav. Syftet med uppsatsen är att få insyn i hur verksamma lärare i idrott och hälsa arbetar med hälsoundervisning samt att ge en förståelse av vad hälsobegreppet kan stå för. Vad styrdokumenten uttrycker om hälsa och hur den överensstämmer med verkligheten. Jag har gjort fem kvalitativa intervjuer med verksamma idrottslärare i årskurs 7-9. Till hjälp har jag använt relevant litteratur från tidigare forskning. Resultatet av intervjuerna har analyserats och väsentligt stoff har sammanfattningsvis redovisats. Mitt resultat visar att det är den fysiska aktiviteten som dominerar idrottsundervisningen och att rörelsens betydelse för hälsan är stor. De få timmar som ämnet har anser lärarna påverkar valet av undervisning. Det är den holistiska synen på hälsa som lärarna vill framhäva men belyser också det vaga och svårdefinierbara i begreppet. Majoriteten menar att hälsa är när individen mår bra. Den sociala aspekten är den som främst skapar ohälsa hos eleverna vilket leder till negativa konsekvenser för hela individen. Hälsa förknippas ofta med teoripass medan idrott sammanförs med praktisk undervisning. Några menar dock att hälsa integreras när tillfälle ges. Det är främst ergonomi, kost, kondition och rörelseglädje som lärarna framhåller som de dominerande inslagen i deras hälsoundervisning. Flera av dem har främst som målsättning att få de inaktiva eleverna att röra sig och se hälsans betydelse i ett framtida perspektiv. / Abstract It’s very important to promote good health, because the society today has high demands. This essay is a study on how teachers in physical education, work with health education, and an understanding of the term health. What is written in the curriculum regarding health, and does it cohere with reality. I have done five qualitative interviews with active PE teachers in grade 7-9 and used relevant literature to my help from earlier research. The result of the interviews have been analysed and the study discusses important matters. The result show that physical activity dominates sports education and activity is most significant for health. The teachers consider the few hours to be one of the main affects in choice of education. It is the holistic vision of health that teachers want to bring out, they also acknowledge that it is difficulty of define. The majority mean that health is when a person feels good. The social point of view is what creates bad health among the pupils, which leads to negative consequences for entire humanity. Health is often associated with theory lessons while athletic games are associated with practical education. Some people mean that health integrates when opportunity is given. It is foremost ergonomics, diet, condition and joy of activity the teachers point out as the most dominant features in their health education. Several of them want to inspire the lazy students and they hope that the students see the importance of health in the future perspective.

Neck-shoulder pain is common in the general population and causes individual suffering as well as large costs for the society. Despite substantial efforts, there is still a shortage of methods for objective diagnosis and effective rehabilitation of such disorders. Thus, there is a great need to develop and evaluate new methods for these purposes. From clinical observations and recent research it has become evident that sensorimotor control can be impaired in people with neck-shoulder pain and may play a role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this thesis, precision of goal-directed arm movements, a previously unstudied class of movements in neck-shoulder pain, was studied. The main aim of the thesis was to investigate if people with chronic neck-shoulder pain have a reduced acuity of goal-directed movements of the upper extremity. A second aim was to study associations between reduced movement acuity and symptoms and self-rated characteristics. Upper limb repositioning acuity was assessed in blindfolded subjects performing tests of active, ipsilateral position-matching of two target positions (long and short) in movements constrained to horizontal-adduction of the shoulder. Reduced repositioning acuity, suggesting impaired shoulder proprioception, was found for both subjects with whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and non-specific neck-shoulder pain (NS). The degree of reduced acuity was shown to correlate with self-ratings of various health concepts, functioning and pain. A conspicuous finding was that there was lack of correlation between short and long target errors, along with the fact that associations between repositioning acuity and symptoms and self-rated characteristics was primarily found for the short target position. To further investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the disassociation between long and short target movement control, the association pattern between the outcome of several variants of ipsilateral position matching and velocity-discrimination tests, were studied. It was found that the perception of limb position in position-matching of short target locations appears to be predominantly based on movement velocity, whereas perception of limb position in movements to longer target locations may rely on a location-based perception mechanism. To extend the research on reduced upper extremity proprioception in neck-shoulder pain to a more natural movement situation, acuity of goal-directed pointing including full vision and 3D multi-joint movements was investigated in WAD, NS and healthy controls subjects. The results revealed a reduced acuity for both neck-pain groups. Moreover, distinct associations between end-point acuity and neck movement problems, limitations of some physical functions and, in WAD; some aspects of pain, were revealed. The findings demonstrate that the precision of upper limb movements can be reduced in chronic neck-shoulder pain. Substantial associations with symptoms and self-rated functioning suggest a clinical relevance of acuity measures of goal-directed arm movements. The findings indicate that tests of sensorimotor control can provide objective measures that may be useful in biopsychosocial profiling and characterization of subgroups of patients with chronic neck-shoulder pain, and that training target control of goal-directed movements should be considered in rehabilitation programs of people with these disorders.

Drygt 1,6 miljoner barn och ungdomar deltar i någon form av idrottslig verksamhet, man kan alltså påstå att idrotten, näst efter skolan, är vår största gemensamma socialisationsarena. Samtidigt så finns mycket lite forskat på vilken betydelse idrotten har och betydelsen av ledarna ur barnen och ungdomarnas perspektiv. Denna studie har syftat till att belysa denna kunskapsbrist och söka svar på frågeställningar utifrån de två övergripande temana; idrottens roll som socialisationsarena och ledarnas betydelse. För detta har valts ett kvantitativt angreppssätt med en enkätundersökning riktat till drygt 80 barn och ungdomar, aktiva i sex olika idrotter i en mellansvensk kommun. Resultaten har sedan analyserats statistiskt. Studiens övergripande slutsatser är att idrottande barn och ungdomar anser att idrotten har en viktig plats i deras liv. De idrottar för att det är kul, för att hålla sig i form och för att de själva vill det. De träffar fler kompisar och får ett större socialt kapital. I idrotten finner de genom ledarna vuxna förebilder som de har en bra relation till, ett stort förtroende för och som lyssnar på dem. Ledarna anses som viktiga både för utövandet av sin idrott, men också i områden utöver idrotten, och är den person efter familjen, den närmaste släkten och kompisar som de anser vara allra viktigast för dem. Slutligen konstateras att även om skillnader mellan pojkars och flickors uppfattning av idrotten och ledarna finns så är likheterna större än skillnaderna.

Jonas, Buhr &amp; David Nordin. (2011). Uppfattningar om futsal – En studie om futsal och etablering av idrott (Opinions on futsal – A study on futsal and establishing of sport) Bachelor Essay in Swedish. Umea: Umea university, Department of Education. Abstract The study is based on an assignment from Vasterbotten Football Association that because of poor participation in futsal activities wants to find out what clubs, the coaches and players in Vasterbotten think of futsal. The aim is to find out the opinions on futsal and what these opinions are based on. In addition, a literature survey to examine how sports grows and becomes established. Data were collected through interviews in major cities and its surrounding areas in Vasterbotten. The coaches and clubs opinions of futsal does not differ very much they both find that futsal is a fast, fun sport but in the end still just a complement to football. The players in the study believed that it was the same as indoor football and that they would have liked to have played futsal more than they do now. It did not differ significantly between the opinions of the interviewees. To establish a sport there are certain elements that may affect the development of a sport to different degrees. It is still sports culture which is the most important piece, because the prevailing culture in Sweden right now believes that futsal is a complement to football this cultural must change for futsal to successfully establish itself.

Eriksson, Simon &amp; Ögren, Andreas. (2011). Vart tar fotbollsungdomarna vägen? En studie om varför 15-16 åringar i Västerbotten väljer att lämna fotbollen. (Where do the football youths go? A study of why 15-16 year olds in Västerbotten choose to leave football) Bachelor Essay in Swedish. Umeå: Umeå University, Department of Education. Abstract: This study was made on request from Västerbottens Football Association and treats the problem with youth players who drop out from football in Västerbotten, Sweden. Västerbottens Football Association has noticed that more and more players are leaving football at the age of 15-16. The purpose of the study was to examine the perceptions that youths in Västerbotten had about why they decided to leave football. Questions of why the youth players are leaving football and causes that could have made them stay was examined in this study. Also possible differences between genders were examined. The data was collected through a web-based survey where 40 youths answered. The results showed that the most common reasons of leaving football were lack of motivation and that they choosed another sport instead. There were a significant difference between the genders in some questions, for example more girls than boys meant that bad coaches had affected their decision of leaving football.