The aim of this study is to highlight inequality among elderly. The study increase the understanding of poverty and financial vulnerability in elderlies life. This study describes what their living conditions look like for themselves and what their financial situation can have in their everyday lives and consequences. The aim is to understand the patterns and paths that lead to financial vulnerability in retirement. Seven retired people in the age between 65-80 years were interviewed. The result shows that there are large differences in income between men and women when retired. Some of the main reasons for this are that the women have worked unpaid by living as housewives and taking a bigger responsibility for children and the home. The unpaid work has had an impact on the income when retired and affected their living conditions. The majority of the respondents answer that planning and limitations are needed to cope up with everyday life as retired person. Some of the respondents have to continue to work extra after retirement to succeed financially. Generally the finances of the elderly are worse after retirement than before and this has negative consequences, it will not get better when they are retired as many of them thought, but they still manage to get their lives to work out even if they have limitations in their everyday life. Gender, individualization and social exclusion are used to analyze the results in the essay.

Plusieurs études ont démontré l’impact de divers facteurs sur l’espérance de vie, dont les caractéristiques liées à l’environnement dans l’enfance et à l’âge adulte. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est de déterminer si l’exposition à une épidémie durant la période fœtale ou pendant la première année de vie a un impact sur la survie après 40 ans pour les Québécois nés entre 1885 et 1901. Durant cette période, nous avons relevé des épidémies de variole et de scarlatine, ainsi qu’une pandémie de grippe, la grippe russe. L’influence d’autres facteurs sur l’âge au décès est également étudiée, celle du sexe, de l’année et de la saison de naissance, du lieu de résidence à la naissance (urbain ou rural) et des régions d’habitation dans l’enfance et à l’âge adulte. Les données sur les Canadiens français nés au Québec à la fin du XIXe siècle, soit l’échantillon de 5% des ménages du recensement canadien de 1901 (Sager 2001) recueilli par le Canadian Families Project, jumelées aux dates de décès à partir de l’index des décès de 1926 à 1996 de l’Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) et de la Société de généalogie du Québec (Pilon-Marien et al. 2009; Gagnon et Bohnert 2012) ont été analysées. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons effectué une analyse descriptive de la population étudiée, puis une analyse multivariée à l’aide de modèles de Cox et de modèles de Gompertz. Il en résulte qu’une exposition à une épidémie avant l’âge d’un an augmente significativement le risque de décéder après l’âge de 40 ans. L’exposition pendant la période fœtale a également un effet négatif sur la longévité, toutefois cet effet n’est pas significatif dans les modèles fournissant le meilleur ajustement aux données. Enfin, une naissance pendant une épidémie, donc une exposition in utero et durant la première année de vie n’a pas d’impact négatif significatif sur l’âge au décès pour ceux qui survivent jusqu’à 40 ans. / Numerous studies have shown the effects on longevity of early life and adult conditions. The purpose of our study is to analyze the impact of exposure to an epidemic disease during the fetal stage or the first year of life on survival after age 40 for people born in Quebec between 1885 and 1901. During this period, we identified epidemics of smallpox and scarlet fever, and the Russian influenza pandemic. The effects on age at death of other environmental conditions have been studied such as the sex, the season of birth and the year of birth, the urban-rural status at birth, the region of residence in early life and the region of residence at death. The dataset used in this study is based on the 5 percent sample of the 1901 Canadian Census, gathered by the Canadian Family Project (Sager 2001). Individuals were matched to their deaths records through the Quebec Consolidated Deaths Index from the Société de Généalogie du Québec and the Index des décès from the Institut de la statistique du Québec (Pilon-Marien and al. 2009). A descriptive analysis of the population studied has been done and a statistical analysis with Cox models and Gompertz models was made. We observe that individuals who were exposed to an epidemic disease during their first year of life had an increased mortality after age 40. In utero exposure to an epidemic hints at an increase of mortality after age 40 but the effect is not significant. Also, a birth during a pandemic, and therefore exposure both in utero and in the first year, apparently has no significant negatives impacts on longevity.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’expliciter et de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à certains aspects de l’adaptation scolaire des enfants de 5-6 ans en lien avec le soutien parental scolaire en conditions de vie défavorisée. Pour y arriver, nous avons soumis, à l’épreuve des faits, notre modèle de soutien scolaire parental qui articule pauvreté, perceptions des difficultés d’adaptation scolaire, soutien socio-familial, modèles de socialisation familiale et engagement parental scolaire. La première étape a consisté à l’évaluation de l’adaptation scolaire de 146 enfants du Cours d’Initiation (CI) à l’aide d’un questionnaire rempli par les enseignants (Florin, Guimard et Nocus, 2002). La seconde étape a été consacrée au recueil d’informations par entretien directif auprès de 48 parents (24 parents d’enfants ayant une adaptation scolaire adéquate et 24 parents d’enfants présentant des difficultés d’adaptation scolaire) sur les dimensions du soutien scolaire parental. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence d’importants liens entre la plupart des variables de notre modèle et l’adaptation scolaire des enfants. Sur la base de ces liens, trois profils types de parents qui favorisent ou, au contraire, rendent problématique l’adaptation scolaire des enfants ont été établis :(i) Profil de parents qui favorise moyennement l’adaptation scolaire chez les enfants ;(ii) Profil de parents qui favorise fortement l’adaptation scolaire chez les enfants ;(iii) Profil de parents qui produit les difficultés d’adaptation scolaire chez les enfants.Ces profils types varient, notamment, en fonction des perceptions et représentations que les parents ont des difficultés scolaires de leurs enfants, du soutien familial et social qu’ils reçoivent ou non, du modèle de socialisation familial qu’ils promeuvent et de leur engagement scolaire. Les résultats de la présente recherche gagneraient à être vulgarisés auprès des parents et des enseignants. Mieux, leur prise en compte dans les stratégies de prévention précoce des difficultés d’adaptation scolaire des jeunes enfants à travers des actions des professionnels de l’éducation avec les familles sont autant de pistes de travail que nous poursuivrons comme suite à notre présent travail de recherche. / The main purpose of this research work is to make explicit, and understand the mechanisms underlying aspects of the relation between children of 5 to 6 years adaption to school and parental support in unprivileged life conditions. To succeed in doing this, we submitted to the facts proof our model of parental school support which deals with poverty and/or insecurity, perceptions and representations of difficulties related to adaptation to school, socio-family support, models of family socialization and parental commitment in school. The first step dealt with evaluation of how 146 children in Primary One adapt to school through a questionnaire filled by teachers (Florin, Guimard & Nocus, 2002). The second step is devoted to collection of information through directed talk with 48 parents (24 parents whose children adaptation to school is suitable and 24 parents whose children have difficulties in adaptation to school) upon dimensions of parental support in school. The results obtained give proof of important links between most of the variables of our model of parents’ support and children adaptation to school. On the basis of those links, three types of parents’ profiles who either promote or make problematic children adaptation to school are established:(i) Parents who promote on some average children adaptation to school(ii) Parents who strongly promote children adaptation to school(iii) Parents who produce difficulties to children adaptation to schoolThose type profiles vary in particular according to the perceptions and representations parents have of their life conditions, their children difficulties at school, of family and social support they have or not, of the family socialization model they promote and of their commitment in school. The result of this research work will be better off being popularized to parents and teachers. Better, their being taken into account in strategies of early prevention of children’ difficulties in adaptation to school through professionals of education’s actions with families are so much paths of work that we will carry on with as a continuation of this research work.

Individuals’ self-management styles are crucial for how they manage to live with illness. Commonly investigated factors include social support, self-efficacy, health beliefs, and demographics. There is a gap in the literature with regard to in-depth studies of how those factors actually influence an individual’s self-management.   The aim of this thesis was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of self-management from the perspective of individuals living with chronic illness.   Interviews were conducted with 47 individuals with various chronic illnesses, some of them repeatedly over two and a half years (a total of 107 interviews). The material was analysed with; constructive grounded theory, content analysis, phenomenography, and interpretive description.   The Self-management Support Model identified aspects that influenced participants’ self-management: economic and social situation, social support, views and perspectives on illness, attribution of responsibility, and ability to integrate self-management into an overall life situation. For example, individuals with a life-oriented or disease-oriented perspective on illness prioritized different aspects of self-management. People who attributed internal responsibility performed a more complex self-management regimen than individuals who attributed external responsibility. In conclusion, individuals who were creative and resourceful had a better chance of tailoring a self-management regimen that suited them well. People in more disadvantaged positions (e.g., financial strain, limited support, or severe intrusive illness) experienced difficulty in finding a method of self-management that fit their life situation.   These findings can inspire healthcare providers to initiate a reflective dialogue about self-management with their patients. / Exploring individuals’ conceptions as a way to understand self-management among people living with long term medical conditions

No description available.

Denna studies syfte och forskningsfråga är att undersöka och besvara hur J.M. Coetzees roman Onåd kan förstås med utgångspunkt i de intersektionella kategorierna kön, ras och klass samt hur man som pedagog kan tillämpa romanen i den svenska gymnasieskolan för att diskutera och undervisa om jämställdhet och människors lika värde. För att nå syftet och frågeställningen undersöks kritiska delar av romanen med hjälp av diskursanalys. Tidigare forskning används också för att undersöka romanen. Metoden är utvald för att synliggöra de strukturer som omger karaktärerna i romanen och handlingsutrymmet de får. Romanen undersöks sedan intersektionellt för att påvisa hur kön, ras och klass påverkar människors livsvillkor. Analysen bedrivs med målet att påvisa hur romanen kan användas för undervisning om människors lika värde och jämställdhet. Resultatet visar att diskursanalysen är ett bra sätt att närma sig romanen genom, för att undervisa om jämställdhet och människors lika värde. Om läraren undervisar med hjälp av diskursanalys lyfts diskussionen om romanen till att handla om hur uttryck och handlingar påverkar och fastställer människors handlingsutrymmen. Det ger även en förståelse för hur människor positioneras i en diskurs. Eleverna får genom detta en möjlighet att se och förstå hur uttryck och handlingar placerar människor i olika makthierarkiska positioner, och att detta inte behöver spegla människans faktiska kvalitéer eller kunskaper. Så småningom kan denna förståelse användas för atti frågasätta stereotyper och normer som förtrycker människor. Genom Skolverkets ämnesspecifika formulering som handlar om att förstå människors livsvillkor med hjälp av litteratur kan läraren nå den ämnesövergripande formuleringen som handlar om att främja jämställdhet och människans lika värde.

La recherche des facteurs de longévité gagne en intérêt dans le contexte actuel du vieillissement de la population. De la littérature portant sur la longévité et la mortalité aux grands âges, un constat émerge : bien que les déterminants associés à la survie humaine soient multiples, l'environnement familial aurait un rôle déterminant sur la mortalité et sur l'atteinte des âges avancés. Dès lors, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer les déterminants de la survie exceptionnelle et d'examiner le rôle des aspects familiaux, en début de vie et à l'âge adulte, dans les différentiels de durée de vie. Plus spécifiquement, elle vise à : (1) examiner la similarité des âges au décès entre frères, soeurs et conjoints afin d'apprécier l'ampleur de la composante familiale de la longévité; (2) explorer, d'un point de vue intrafamilial, les conséquences à long terme sur la survie des variables non partagées issues de la petite enfance tels l'âge maternel à la reproduction, le rang de naissance et la saison de naissance; et (3) s'interroger sur le rôle protecteur ou délétère de l’environnement et du milieu familial d'origine dans l’enfance sur l'atteinte des grands âges et dans quelle mesure le statut socioéconomique parvient à médiatiser la relation. Cette analyse s'appuie sur le jumelage des recensements canadiens et des actes de décès de l’état civil québécois et emploie des données québécoises du 20e siècle issues de deux échantillons distincts : un échantillon aléatoire représentatif de la population provenant du recensement canadien de 1901 ainsi qu’un échantillon de frères et soeurs de centenaires québécois appartenant à la même cohorte. Les résultats, présentés sous forme d'articles scientifiques, ont montré, en outre, que les frères et soeurs de centenaires vivent plus longtemps que les individus appartenant aux mêmes cohortes de naissance, reflétant la contribution d'une robustesse commune, mais également celle de l'environnement partagé durant la petite enfance. Ces analyses ont également témoigné d'un avantage de survie des conjoints des centenaires, soulignant l'importance d'un même environnement à l'âge adulte (1er article). De plus, nos travaux ont mis de l'avant la contribution aux inégalités de longévité des variables biodémographiques issues de l'environnement non partagé telles que l'âge maternel à la reproduction, le rang de naissance et la saison de naissance, qui agissent et interagissent entre elles pour créer des vulnérabilités et influer sur l'atteinte des âges exceptionnels (2e article). Enfin, une approche longitudinale a permis de souligner la contribution du milieu social d'origine sur la longévité, alors que les individus issus d’un milieu socioéconomique défavorisé pour l'époque (milieu urbain, père ouvrier) vivent moins longtemps que ceux ayant vécu dans un environnement socioéconomique favorable (milieu rural, fermier), résultat d'une potentielle accumulation des avantages liée à la reproduction du statut social ou d'une programmation précoce des trajectoires de santé. L’influence est toutefois moindre pour les femmes et pour les frères de centenaires et s'exprime, dans ce cas, en partie par l'effet de la profession à l'âge adulte (3e article). / A growing body of literature has documented the multiple and complex factors and pathways through which longevity and mortality in old age may be shaped. It appears indeed that surviving to a very old age is modulated by a familial component, whether it arises from environmental or genetic confounds. The scientific debate on longevity and its determinants has put considerable interest in studying the centenarians and the role of shared early life conditions have been addressed extensively in the literature, but those two elements have rarely been mixed together. The main objective of my research thesis is to discuss some of the key factors involved in aging and longevity with a focus on the role of family determinants and shared frailty. More specifically, it aims to (1) highlight the central importance of family on exceptional longevity by examining similarity in age at death among siblings and between spouses; (2) examine whether there is a persisting effect of maternal age and birth order on exceptional survival when both variables are considered and adjusted for season of birth; and (3) investigate whether early life factors, such as the socioeconomic background, shape the course of aging and longevity and whether this association is mediated by the socioeconomic status in adulthood. Our analysis rest upon family-based samples of siblings of centenarians and controls born in Québec at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century which compile information from the Canadian Census and Quebec vital statistics registers. The results, in the form of scientific articles, have shown that siblings of centenarians lived longer compared to members of their birth cohort suggesting the existence of a genetic component to longevity. However, there is also a survival benefit for spouses of centenarians compared to the general population which implies that longevity is also modulated by the shared environment in adulthood (1st article). Furthermore, the within-family analysis has shown that elements of the unshared early life environment, such as maternal age at reproduction, birth order and season of birth, not only have an independent impact on exceptional survival but also interact with one another to create vulnerabilities for later-life mortality (2nd article). Finally, the use of a longitudinal framework engaging both biodemographic and socioeconomic factors emphasize the contribution of early life conditions in longevity inequalities both directly and indirectly through adult profession. The influence of socioeconomic conditions in childhood were stronger for men of the general population compared to brothers of centenarians and early life origin showed almost no effect for women (3rd article).

Este estudo trata da utilização e acesso a serviços de saúde por idosos rurais, o qual se insere em um projeto intitulado "Determinantes Sociais e Interfaces com a Mobilidade de Usuários: análise dos fluxos e utilização de serviços de saúde". Busca-se conhecer os problemas de saúde que afetam os idosos rurais de Santana da Boa Vista/RS, levando em conta a situação econômica e social, as dinâmicas familiares e as estratégias que integram práticas de controle e prevenção em saúde e doença. Trata-se de um estudo híbrido, com desenho epidemiológico descritivo e uma abordagem qualitativa com 30 idosos entrevistados. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva por meio de freqüência simples para os dados quantificáveis e a análise de conteúdo do tipo temático, na etapa qualitativa. Entre os resultados encontrou-se predominância masculina, com idade média de 67,8 anos, brancos, católicos e com baixa escolaridade. Com relação ao estado civil a maioria é casada, predominando mulheres na viuvez. A caracterização socioeconômica mostrou que a maioria dos idosos morava com familiares em residência própria, e apresentaram melhoria das condições de vida após o benefício da aposentadoria. Em relação à saúde, a maioria dos idosos entrevistados referiu como boa, sendo que as mulheres apresentaram mais queixas, se comparadas aos homens. Quanto aos serviços de saúde, mais da metade declarou utilizar habitualmente a Rede Municipal, em conseqüência dos problemas crônicos, acessando a Rede básica. Os principais motivos para não recorrerem aos serviços de saúde, mesmo em caso de necessidade, estão relacionados aos recursos financeiros insuficientes, demora no atendimento, ausência de transporte, uso de automedicação e ausência de profissionais médicos. Esses resultados expressam as desigualdades sociais como reflexos na saúde, as dificuldade de acesso funcional e geográfico, já que a maioria dos serviços de saúde encontra-se fora da área rural, havendo, ainda, a insuficiência de transporte em quantidade e freqüência aos locais de atendimento. A análise das trajetórias terapêuticas apontou para a diversidade de situações e estratégias de saúde desenvolvidas pelos usuários e pelo Município. / This study addresses the use of and access to health services by rural elderly subjects. It is linked to the project "Social Determinants and Interfaces with Users' Mobility: Analysis of Flows and Health Service Usage". Having the rural area and local development processes as background, it is intended to learn of life contexts and health problems which affect the elderly. An account is made of economical and social situation, family dynamics and strategies integrating practices for health and illnesses' control and prevention. The study is aimed at characterizing and understanding social determinants in flows of health service usage by rural residents 60 years old or more. Their therapeutic trajectories and mobility is considered. This is a hybrid study with an epidemiological descriptive design and a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from a structured interview with 30 elderly subjects in rural households. Descriptive statistics was used by means of simple frequency for quantitative data and thematic content analysis in the qualitative phase. Results indicated male predominance. Average age was 67.8. They were mostly white, catholic and bore low educational status. As for marital status, most were married; widows were predominant. Socioeconomical features indicated most elderly lived with family at their own home. They experienced better life conditions after received retirement funds. As far as health was concerned, most regarded themselves as healthy. Elderly women presented more complaints compared to men. When it came to health services use, more than half declared they often turned to the public local network due to chronic health problems. Main reasons not to turn to health services, even when needed, involved lack of financial resources; long waiting; transportation constraints; automedication practices; and lack of physicians. Such results revealed social inequalities such as reflexes in health, difficulties associated with functional and geographical access because most health services were available out of rural areas. There was not enough and frequent transportation to other health centers either. These findings highlight the diversity of situations and health strategies developed by users and the municipality. / Este estudio trata de la utilización y acceso a servicios de salud por ancianos rurales, se insiere en un proyecto intitulado "Determinantes Sociales e Interfaces con la Movilidad de Usuarios: análisis de los flujos y utilización de servicios de salud". Busca conocer los problemas de salud que afectan los ancianos rurales de Santana da Boa Vista/RS, llevando en cuenta la situación económica y social, las dinámicas familiares y las estrategias que integran prácticas de control y prevención en salud y enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio híbrido con dibujo epidemiológico descriptivo y un abordaje cualitativo en 30 ancianos entrevistados. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva a través de frecuencia simple para los datos cuantificables y el análisis de contenido del tipo temático, en la etapa cualitativa. Entre los resultados se encontró predominancia masculina, con edad mediana de 67,8 años, blancos, católicos y con baja escolaridad. Con relación al estado civil la mayoría es casada, predominando mujeres en la viudez. La caracterización socioeconómica mostró que la mayoría de los ancianos vive con familiares en residencia propia, y presentaron mejoras de las condiciones de vida después del beneficio de la jubilación. En relación a la salud, la mayoría de los ancianos refirió como buena, siendo que las mujeres presentan más quejas si comparadas a los hombres. Cuanto a los servicios de salud, más de la mitad declaró utilizar habitualmente la red municipal, en consecuencia de los problemas crónicos, accediendo a la red básica. Los principales motivos para que no recurran a los servicios de salud, mismo en caso de necesidad, están relacionados a los recursos financieros insuficientes; tardar en ser atendido; ausencia de transporte; uso de automedicación y ausencia de profesionales médicos. Esos resultados expresan las desigualdades sociales como reflejos en la salud, las dificultades de acceso funcional y geográfico, ya que la mayoría de los servicios de salud se encuentran fuera el área rural, donde hay, todavía, la insuficiencia de transporte en cantidad y frecuencia a los locales de atendimiento. El análisis de las trayectorias terapéuticas señaló a la diversidad de situaciones y estrategias de salud desarrolladas por los usuarios y por el municipio.

Este estudo trata da utilização e acesso a serviços de saúde por idosos rurais, o qual se insere em um projeto intitulado "Determinantes Sociais e Interfaces com a Mobilidade de Usuários: análise dos fluxos e utilização de serviços de saúde". Busca-se conhecer os problemas de saúde que afetam os idosos rurais de Santana da Boa Vista/RS, levando em conta a situação econômica e social, as dinâmicas familiares e as estratégias que integram práticas de controle e prevenção em saúde e doença. Trata-se de um estudo híbrido, com desenho epidemiológico descritivo e uma abordagem qualitativa com 30 idosos entrevistados. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva por meio de freqüência simples para os dados quantificáveis e a análise de conteúdo do tipo temático, na etapa qualitativa. Entre os resultados encontrou-se predominância masculina, com idade média de 67,8 anos, brancos, católicos e com baixa escolaridade. Com relação ao estado civil a maioria é casada, predominando mulheres na viuvez. A caracterização socioeconômica mostrou que a maioria dos idosos morava com familiares em residência própria, e apresentaram melhoria das condições de vida após o benefício da aposentadoria. Em relação à saúde, a maioria dos idosos entrevistados referiu como boa, sendo que as mulheres apresentaram mais queixas, se comparadas aos homens. Quanto aos serviços de saúde, mais da metade declarou utilizar habitualmente a Rede Municipal, em conseqüência dos problemas crônicos, acessando a Rede básica. Os principais motivos para não recorrerem aos serviços de saúde, mesmo em caso de necessidade, estão relacionados aos recursos financeiros insuficientes, demora no atendimento, ausência de transporte, uso de automedicação e ausência de profissionais médicos. Esses resultados expressam as desigualdades sociais como reflexos na saúde, as dificuldade de acesso funcional e geográfico, já que a maioria dos serviços de saúde encontra-se fora da área rural, havendo, ainda, a insuficiência de transporte em quantidade e freqüência aos locais de atendimento. A análise das trajetórias terapêuticas apontou para a diversidade de situações e estratégias de saúde desenvolvidas pelos usuários e pelo Município. / This study addresses the use of and access to health services by rural elderly subjects. It is linked to the project "Social Determinants and Interfaces with Users' Mobility: Analysis of Flows and Health Service Usage". Having the rural area and local development processes as background, it is intended to learn of life contexts and health problems which affect the elderly. An account is made of economical and social situation, family dynamics and strategies integrating practices for health and illnesses' control and prevention. The study is aimed at characterizing and understanding social determinants in flows of health service usage by rural residents 60 years old or more. Their therapeutic trajectories and mobility is considered. This is a hybrid study with an epidemiological descriptive design and a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from a structured interview with 30 elderly subjects in rural households. Descriptive statistics was used by means of simple frequency for quantitative data and thematic content analysis in the qualitative phase. Results indicated male predominance. Average age was 67.8. They were mostly white, catholic and bore low educational status. As for marital status, most were married; widows were predominant. Socioeconomical features indicated most elderly lived with family at their own home. They experienced better life conditions after received retirement funds. As far as health was concerned, most regarded themselves as healthy. Elderly women presented more complaints compared to men. When it came to health services use, more than half declared they often turned to the public local network due to chronic health problems. Main reasons not to turn to health services, even when needed, involved lack of financial resources; long waiting; transportation constraints; automedication practices; and lack of physicians. Such results revealed social inequalities such as reflexes in health, difficulties associated with functional and geographical access because most health services were available out of rural areas. There was not enough and frequent transportation to other health centers either. These findings highlight the diversity of situations and health strategies developed by users and the municipality. / Este estudio trata de la utilización y acceso a servicios de salud por ancianos rurales, se insiere en un proyecto intitulado "Determinantes Sociales e Interfaces con la Movilidad de Usuarios: análisis de los flujos y utilización de servicios de salud". Busca conocer los problemas de salud que afectan los ancianos rurales de Santana da Boa Vista/RS, llevando en cuenta la situación económica y social, las dinámicas familiares y las estrategias que integran prácticas de control y prevención en salud y enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio híbrido con dibujo epidemiológico descriptivo y un abordaje cualitativo en 30 ancianos entrevistados. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva a través de frecuencia simple para los datos cuantificables y el análisis de contenido del tipo temático, en la etapa cualitativa. Entre los resultados se encontró predominancia masculina, con edad mediana de 67,8 años, blancos, católicos y con baja escolaridad. Con relación al estado civil la mayoría es casada, predominando mujeres en la viudez. La caracterización socioeconómica mostró que la mayoría de los ancianos vive con familiares en residencia propia, y presentaron mejoras de las condiciones de vida después del beneficio de la jubilación. En relación a la salud, la mayoría de los ancianos refirió como buena, siendo que las mujeres presentan más quejas si comparadas a los hombres. Cuanto a los servicios de salud, más de la mitad declaró utilizar habitualmente la red municipal, en consecuencia de los problemas crónicos, accediendo a la red básica. Los principales motivos para que no recurran a los servicios de salud, mismo en caso de necesidad, están relacionados a los recursos financieros insuficientes; tardar en ser atendido; ausencia de transporte; uso de automedicación y ausencia de profesionales médicos. Esos resultados expresan las desigualdades sociales como reflejos en la salud, las dificultades de acceso funcional y geográfico, ya que la mayoría de los servicios de salud se encuentran fuera el área rural, donde hay, todavía, la insuficiencia de transporte en cantidad y frecuencia a los locales de atendimiento. El análisis de las trayectorias terapéuticas señaló a la diversidad de situaciones y estrategias de salud desarrolladas por los usuarios y por el municipio.

Intresset för social hållbarhet har vuxit globalt det senaste decenniet och är idag ett fokus i såvälden privata som offentliga sektorn. Det finns en kunskapslucka i hur det strategiska arbetet medsocial hållbarhet utförs i svenska kommuner, vilket uppsatsen önskar bidra till. Länsstyrelsen iHalland gav oss i uppdrag att öka förståelsen för det kommunala arbetet med social hållbarheti Halland. Strävan är att skapa en förståelse för motivet bakom de strategier som uppdagats ochanalysera utvecklingsmöjligheter. Med utgångspunkt i begreppen välfärd, jämlikhet, tillit ochrättvisa har fem av Hallands sex kommuners sociala hållbarhetsarbete undersökts genomintervjuer som tolkats genom teorier från Jämlikhetsanden, The Just City och Feminism sombyråkrati. Uppsatsen redogör också för hur social hållbarhet tolkas och implementeras avrespektive kommun samt hur det sociala hållbarhetsarbetet påverkar invånarnas livsvillkor.Resultatet av studien var att samtliga kommuner nyligen påbörjat arbetet med social hållbarhetoch att det som prioriteras i nuläget framför allt är integration, ungas hälsa, segregation, tillitoch ANDTS. Studiens teoretiska referensram visar att implementering och konkretisering avsocial hållbarhet är viktigt för ett fortsatt godartat arbete med social hållbarhet. / The interest for social sustainability has grown global the last decade and is today a focus forthe private and the public sector. There is a knowledge gap in how the strategic work with socialsustainability is done in Swedish municipalities, which the essay wishes to contribute to.Hallands county government assigned us their wish to increase the understanding for themunicipal work done with social sustainability in Halland. The ambition is to create anunderstanding for the motives behind the discovered strategies and analyze opportunities fordevelopment. Based on terms such as welfare, equality, trust and justice the work with socialsustainability made by five of Hallands six municipalities was studied through interviews andinterpreted through the theoretical approach by The Spirit Level, The Just City and Feminismas bureaucracy. The essay also describes how social sustainability is interpreted andimplemented by each municipality and how the work with social sustainability has effect onthe living conditions of the inhabitants. The result show that all municipalities recently begantheir work with social sustainability and that the current priorities are integration, the health ofyoung people, trust and dependency issues. The theoretical reference frame which the study isbased on show that implementation and concreteization of social sustainability is essential fora continued well made work with social sustainability.