The purpose of this study was to examine the laws, govern documents and guiding principals that are available for schools and their work regarding the work against discrimination, insulting and other forms of harassments, and then to form a method for the schools to implement this work in practice. The work to counteract discrimination, insult treatment and other forms of harassments should be done both in a short term and a long term. In this paper there is a presentation of a project, a set of lessons that was created and carried out as a trial. The project aims for conscious making among children and students in school regarding norm, deviation, discrimination and power and the fact that equal treatment is hard to achieve. The basic purpose behind the project is to offer a tool to schools and teachers so that they can decrease the possible gap between the laws and the practice of these laws by creating awareness among students and other teachers. The long term work for achieving equal treatment should be done on a political level. But at the same time one must learn to discuss the fact that there are and always will be power orders in school and all of society.

Product tolerancing decisions made in product design have a significant effect on manufacturing environmental and cost performances by strongly influencing both the selection and operation of processing machinery. These decisions however are typically made without quantitative knowledge of their effects in manufacturing. With estimates of environmental and cost performances of manufacturing processes required to achieve specific part designs earlier in the product design cycle, designers may make more informed, and potentially better, design decisions with respect to manufacturing environmental and cost performance goals. In this thesis a method for quantifiably relating product tolerancing decisions to environmental and cost performances in manufacturing in order to provide decision support for cost and environmentally conscious design for manufacturing is developed. The method is instantiated as an Excel-based tool and exercised by two illustrative examples of increasing complexity, as well as a study of the manufacture of automotive transmission pinion gears with differing tolerance requirements. Uncertainty analysis is performed through the use of @RISK software; the uncertainty of parameters associated with manufacturing operations and machinery is captured through the use of probability density functions and Monte Carlo simulation is performed. Simulation results provide insight into the uncertainty of performance estimates and the risks associated with ensuing decision making. This method may be useful to product designers, as well as process planners, to support decision making efforts related to cost and environmental consciousness in the manufacturing phase of the product life cycle.

Traditionally, environmental impacts of man made products have been determined by performing a life cycle assessment (LCA) on the product. As the name implies, LCA is usually covers the entire life of the product in a so-called "cradle-to-grave" assessment. In determining environmental impacts over the whole product life, LCA's are reasonably adequate. However, in providing detailed impacts on a particular phase of life, LCA's are lacking. Detailed assessments are important because very few stakeholders have influence over a product during all phases of life. Stakeholders need detailed impact assessments in their particular phase of life. More detailed assessments give stakeholders more information that can be used for better environmental management (EM) and more environmentally benign operations. In many LCA's, the manufacturing phase of life has been over-generalized and over-simplified because of its relatively small environmental impact, as compared to other phases of life. Nevertheless, certain stakeholders, such as manufacturing companies, need detailed impact information for the manufacturing phase of life so that they can create a more sustainable manufacturing process. Most traditional LCA's use a case-based approach, which was deemed to be inadequate. For these LCA's, the information provided for each case is often quite detailed and specific. However, this makes the assessment less flexible, limiting the quality of the assessment to the degree that the current scenario matches the existing cases. In order to make a more user-specific assessment, a model-based approach was used. To give the model flexibility, a parametric model was created based on mathematical equations that represent various parts of the manufacturing process. To give the model structure, an activity-based costing (ABC) approach was used. Using the ABC structure, the manufacturing process was broken down into activities, each of which was characterized by mathematical models. Large models would be difficult to construct and simulate by hand, so a model was built with the aid of a computer. The modeling language SysML (Systems Modeling Language) was used to create an object-oriented model of the manufacturing process, using the ABC structure. SysML defines overall properties and behaviors of the various elements in the model, while the plug-in tool ParaMagic was used to execute the model via a Mathematica Solver. The model computes carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and waste mass generation for a particular manufacturing scenario. The goal of the model was to quantify environmental impact factors in order to aid manufacturing stakeholders in EM. The overall goal of the research was to determine whether an activity-based, object-oriented model was a valid approach, and whether the computer-aided tools adequately implemented this approach. Findings show that SysML is capable of modeling large and complex systems. However, due to some limitations of Paramagic, only some of SysML's capabilities were utilized. Nevertheless, Paramagic is capable of extracting information out of a manufacturing model built in SysML, and solving parametric relations in Mathematica in a timely manner. Timely solutions of complex models are critical for stakeholders keeping a competitive edge.

Le coma, l’état végétatif et l’état de conscience minimale sont classés comme « troubles de la conscience ». La caractéristique commune à ces diagnostics est un état de conscience altéré. La technologie permet désormais de maintenir en vie les individus affligés de ces diagnostics. La nature même de leur condition et les soins disponibles pour ces patients conduisent à des dilemmes médicaux et éthiques importants. Ce mémoire propose une brève introduction des troubles de la conscience suivie d’une recension des écrits sur les enjeux éthiques et sociaux en lien avec ces diagnostics. Force est de constater que certains enjeux perdurent depuis des années comme le retrait de traitement. D’autres sont apparus plus récemment, comme l’enjeu lié à l’usage de la neuroimagerie. Un deuxième volet présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative examinant les perspectives et l’expérience des professionnels de la santé face aux enjeux éthiques lors de la prise en charge des patients atteints de troubles de la conscience. Cette étude a été réalisée par le biais d’un court questionnaire et d’entrevues semi-dirigées qui furent enregistrées puis analysées à l’aide du logiciel Nvivo. Les résultats démontrent entre autres que les répondants éprouvent un niveau de certitude élevé face au diagnostic bien qu’il soit souvent signalé comme un défi important dans la littérature. Le pronostic représente un enjeu crucial, y compris sa divulgation aux proches. Enfin, la relation avec la famille est un élément clé dans la prise en charge des patients et celle-ci est teintée par de multiples facteurs. / Coma, the vegetative state and the minimally conscious state are classified as “disorders of consciousness”. The common characteristic of these diagnoses is an altered state of consciousness. Technological advances now allow us to keep people afflicted with these diagnoses alive. The very nature of their condition and the type of care available to them has lead to important medical and ethical dilemmas. First, this thesis proposes a literature review of the ethical and social issues related to disorders of consciousness. Certain issues have persisted for years and others have emerged more recently as that relating to the use of neuroimaging. The second part proposes a qualitative study examining the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals dealing with ethical issues in the management of these patients; these aspects are so far poorly documented. We conducted this study using a short questionnaire and semi-directed interviews. The interviews were taped and analyzed using qualitative analysis software Nvivo. Our study showed that our participants experienced a high degree of certainty about the diagnosis, although the latter is often reported as a major challenge in the literature. The prognosis is a critical challenge, including its disclosure to relatives. Finally, the relationship with the family is a key element in the care of patients and it is influenced by multiple factors.

Viešosios erdvės – visuomenės kultūrinės, dvasinės ir ekonominės būklės atspindys. Viešosios erdvės funkcija – burti skirtingų interesų piliečius, skatinti bendrauti ir kurti. Tačiau kokia viešųjų erdvių situacija šiandienos miestuose ir kaip juose reiškiasi kūrybiškumas? Magistro darbe nagrinėjama Kauno centrinė viešoji erdvė – Nemuno sala kaip potenciali visuomenės komunikacijos vieta. Darbe tyrinėjama pačios vietos kaip centrinės miesto viešosios erdvės potencialas ir jos svarba miestui bei visuomenei. Teorinėje magistro darbo dalyje, remiantis kūrybingos aplinkos teorija, viešoji erdvė pristatoma kaip miesto struktūros dalis. Nagrinėjamos viešųjų miesto erdvių planavimo problemos, kūrybiškas vietos planavimas, vietos įvaizdžio formavimo ir kūrimo procesai. Viešosios erdvės koncepcija traktuojama ieškojimų, eksperimentavimo, siurprizų ir nuotykių vieta. Antroje ir trečioje darbo dalyse Nemuno sala nagrinėjama kaip sociokultūrinių sąlygų suformuotas miesto centrinis parkas. Ji analizuojama Kauno miesto geografiniu ir urbanistinės strategijos aspektu, taip pat viešajame diskurse. Empirinėje darbo dalyje pateikiamas Nemuno salos viešosios erdvės potencialas kūrybinėms iniciatyvomis. Kiekybis ir kokybinis tyrimas remiasi psichogeografijos ir kūrybingo miesto perspektyvomis. Nagrinėjama geografinės aplinkos poveikis žmonių elgesiui ir emocijoms, tarpusavio komunikacijai. Nemuno sala, teorinėje dalyje dėl savo geografinės padėties ir fizinės būklės traktuojama deaktyvuota... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Public space is a reflection of society cultural, spiritual, and economic conditions. Public spaces are designed to bring together the different interests of the citizens, encouraging them to interact and engage them in creative work. But what is the situation today with the public spaces in cities and how they are developing creativity? The Island of Nemunas, which is the main public space of Kaunas, is a potential place for meetings and inter-communications between different social groups. Master thesis analize the public space as a potencial city center place for inspiration and relevance for the city. Master of theoretical work, based on the theory of creative environment, public space is presented as an urban structure, it also explains problems of public spaces of the city planning issues, creative urban planning, design and place branding tool. Here public space is seen as place of explorations, experimentation, surprises and adventure. In the second and third parts of the work Nemunas Island is analyzed as the city central park, which was shaped by socio-cultural conditions. Public space in the Kaunas city was analyzed as geographical area, as area in social discourse and urban strategy of Kaunas city. The empirical part of work talks about Island of Nemunas as a public space for the creative initiatives. The research is based on psycho geographic and creative urban perspectives. Geographic environment impact on human behavior and emotions, peer communication is... [to full text]

Denna studie har som syfte att förklara och ge en ökad förståelse för hur utvalda företag i modebranschen arbetar med det fysiska upplägget i butiker, genom bland annat atmosfär, sinnesstimuli och visuell merchandising. Samt vilken påverkan upplägget kan ha på konsumenters köpbeslutsprocesser och därmed även uppfattningen om varumärket. Sex intervjuer med olika företag har gett kvalitativa data som sedan analyserats mot varandra utifrån studiens teoretiska referensram. Resultat visar på att de studerade företagen inte planerar sin butiksyta beroende på teorier om konsumentbeteende och sinnesmarknadsföring. Utan istället planeras ytan beroende på varumärke och positionering, vilket skiljer sig åt beroende på företag. Att förmedla en känsla och att ge ett helhetsintryck med hjälp av upplägget är viktigt och baseras på hur butikerna vill att varumärket ska uppfattas, vilket sedan påverkar köpbeslutsprocessen då det avgör om kunderna väljer att konsumera i butiken eller inte. En lyckad planering av butiksytan för de studerade företagen, grundar sig därmed inte på hur väl ytan planeras utifrån tidigare forskning om sinnesmarknadsföring och visuell merchandising, utan hur bra den planeras utifrån varumärket. / This study aims to describe and to give greater understanding of how selected companies in the fashion industry works with the physical layout of stores, including the use of atmosphere, sensory stimuli and visual merchandising. Also what impact the layout can have on consumers buying process and the perception of the brand. Six interviews with different companies gave qualitative data that was analyzed together and against each other, based on the theoretical framework of the study. The result shows that the selected companies do not plan the layout based on theories of consumer behavior or sensory marketing. Instead the layout is planned based on the brand and the positioning the company works for, which differentiates itself based on what company it is. To convey a feeling and to give an overall impression of the brand with the help of layout is important, and it is based on how the companies want the brand to be perceived. This then affects the buying process because it determines if the customers choses to consume in the store or not. A successful planning of the layout, for the companies in the study, is therefore not based on how well it matches with recent research in the field, but how well it is matched based on the brand only.

Turistindustrin rankas som en av världens största, men även snabbast växande näringar. Näringens expansion bidrar i sin tur till stora miljömässiga konsekvenser. Mer miljövänliga, spårbundna transporter är i dagsläget aktuella forskningsfrågor och diskuteras i syfte att bromsa turismens negativa, miljömässiga effekter. Studiens syfte var att undersöka ungdomars intresse och attityder kring tåg i turistiskt syfte, samt om en antagen miljömedvetenhet påverkade deras val av resa. Interrail valdes som undersökningsobjekt dels då skribenterna fann ämnet aktuellt och dels på grund av EU-kommissionens investering som ska ge 18-åringar gratis Interrailpass i år. Interrail ansågs i enlighet med teorier vara ett alternativt, mer miljövänligt transportalternativ samt turismform. En kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder har använts för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Enligt valda teorier förekommer ett gap mellan turisters attityder och beteende där personliga värderingar och en miljömedvetennorm, som genomsyrade beteenden och konsumtionsmönster hemma, bortsågs vid val av resa. Resultaten från de sju personliga intervjuerna samt enkätundersökningen tyder på att intresset för tåg som transport i turistiskt syfte är relativt lågt, vilket eventuellt ger en förklaring till det relativt låga intresset för Interrail hos dagens ungdomar. Även bland organisationer tolkas Interrail besitta en låg position på marknaden. Företag är inte intresserade av att marknadsföra Interrail då det inte antas vara vinstdrivande. Intresset för Interrail är lågt där aspekter som tid, pris, bekvämlighet och upplevelse väger tyngre hos ungdomars turistiska val, där tågets miljömässiga fördelar snarare ses som en positiv bieffekt. Utifrån bristande kunskap och förutfattade meningar tolkar skribenterna Interrails comeback, trots EU-kommissionens ekonomiska investeringar, som svåruppnådd. / he tourism industry is ranked as one of the world's biggest and fastest growing industries, which in return contribute to big environmental consequences. More environmentally friendly, railway bound transportation are current research questions and are discussed to prevent the negative effects of tourism. The purpose of the study was to research adolescents interest and attitude towards train for touristic purposes and if their perceived environmental awareness affected their choice of travel. Interrail was chosen as a research object partly because the authors considered it a current topic and partly because of the investment that the EU-commission made to be able to give 18-year olds free Interrailpasses this year. Interrail was in accordance with the theory perceived to be a more environmentally friendly choice of transportation and form of tourism. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to answer the purpose and questions of the study. From the chosen theories there appears to be a gap between tourists attitudes and behaviour, where personal values and the environmental norm that existed at home, was disregarded when choosing to go on a trip. The results from the 7 personal interviews and the questionnaire shows that the interest for train as transport for touristic purposes is relatively low, which could give an explanation for the lacking interest for Interrail in today's adolescents. Even among companies Interrail is interpreted as having a low position on the market. Companies aren't interested in marketing Interrail due to its low perceived economic profit. The interest for Interrail is low where aspects such as time, price and experience weighs heavier for adolescent’s touristic choices, where the environmental benefits are merely seen as a positive bi-product. From a lack of knowledge and preconceptions the authors interpret Interrails comeback, despite the financial investments from the EU-commission, as hard to achieve.

Submitted by Camila Corrêa Khayat Araujo (camilakhayat@gmail.com) on 2018-01-23T17:44:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Trab Infantil e Escravo na Moda_Camila Khayat.pdf: 1845153 bytes, checksum: 07297088cd6d305a51fa52f0995afa82 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2018-03-12T14:13:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Trab Infantil e Escravo na Moda_Camila Khayat.pdf: 1845153 bytes, checksum: 07297088cd6d305a51fa52f0995afa82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T14:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Trab Infantil e Escravo na Moda_Camila Khayat.pdf: 1845153 bytes, checksum: 07297088cd6d305a51fa52f0995afa82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-01 / Objetivo - Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar, no contexto brasileiro, como os consumidores de moda têm se organizado em busca do combate ao trabalho infantil e escravo na cadeia de produção desse setor. Metodologia - Para isso, primeiramente, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura existente, contextualizando a situação do trabalho infantil e escravo no mundo; identificando os principais órgãos internacionais atuantes nesse tema; assim como um estudo sobre o consumo e a sua relação com a moda. Em seguida, investigou-se os movimentos existentes na sociedade em busca de um consumo mais consciente. Com base nesse levantamento, entrevistas foram conduzidas com ativistas atuantes nas principais ações identificadas na sociedade, buscando avaliar como o consumidor tem se comportado diante dessa questão. Resultados - Como conclusão, nota-se que há, no Brasil, nichos de consumidores preocupados com os impactos sociais e ambientais da cadeia de produção de moda, mostrando-se conscientes desta causa por meio de ações que objetivam cobrar das empresas uma maior transparência e compromisso ético. Limitações - A principal limitação da pesquisa é que se baseia na opinião de ativistas sobre os consumidores. Pesquisas futuras podem avaliar esse tema sob a perspectiva dos consumidores. Contribuições práticas - A partir dos resultados, as organizações podem identificar uma tendência na sociedade de nichos que buscam consumir de forma ética, podendo optar por uma mudança na sua forma de atuação. Contribuições sociais - Ao colocar o tema em pauta, espera-se contribuir para um maior engajamento da sociedade, estado e empresas em prol da erradicação da utilização da mão de obra escrava e infantil na cadeia de produção de moda. Originalidade - Com base no levantamento realizado para este trabalho, identificou-se que, no Brasil, o tema em questão ainda é pouco trabalhado na área acadêmica. / Purpose - This paper aims to investigate, in the Brazilian context, how fashion consumers have organized themselves to fight against child and slave labor in the production chain of this sector. Methodology - For this, first, a review of the existing literature was carried out, contextualizing the situation of child and slave labor in the world; identifying the main active international bodies in this area; and, producing a study on consumption and its relation to fashion. Next, was investigated the existing movements in society in search of a more conscious consumption. Based on these findings, interviews were conducted with key-actors responsible for the main actions identified in society, seeking to assess how the consumer has behaved in this regard. Findings - In conclusion, we could observe that there are in Brazil niches of consumers concerned with the social and environmental impacts of the fashion production chain, demonstrating their awareness of this issue through actions that aim to demand from companies greater transparency and ethical commitment. Research limitations - The main limitation of the research is that it is based on the opinion of the activists about the consumers. Future research can assess this issue from the perspective of consumers. Practical implications - Based on the results, organizations can identify a tendency in the society of niches that seek to consume in an ethical way, being able to opt for a change in their production. Social implications - By putting this subject on the agenda, is expected to contribute to an engagement of society, state and companies in favor of the eradication of the use of slave and child labor in the fashion production chain. Originality - Based on the survey carried out for this work, it was identified that, in Brazil, the subject in question is still little worked in the academic area

O estudo da relação médico-paciente vem ganhando novos contornos não só em razão dos avanços biotecnológicos e da massificação do serviço, mas, principalmente, pelos princípios que o norteiam, como o da dignidade da pessoa humana e o da autonomia, consagrados pela Constituição Federal de 1988. O enfoque do presente trabalho é o caráter predominantemente existencial da relação jurídica decorrente de contrato privado, regulado pelo Código Civil, pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor, e por outras leis e normas deontológicas. Tal relação surge de um vínculo de confiança, intuitu personae, mediante remuneração entre o paciente e o médico. Isto porque o alvo do contrato de prestação de serviços médicos é a saúde, a dignidade e o bem-estar psicofísico e social do paciente, o que impõe uma releitura do tratamento jurídico da relação médico-paciente, de sua estrutura e função, não mais adstrita ao aspecto patrimonial vigente na ótica oitocentista. Passa-se de um vínculo de perfil lógico-autoritário para o perfil dialógico-consensual, em que predomina a liberdade de escolha do paciente. A autonomia do paciente é a mola propulsora dessa relação da qual decorrem diversos direitos e deveres extrapatrimoniais, com maior ênfase no dever do médico de informar. É a informação que permite ao paciente o exercício de sua autodeterminação, seu poder de decidir acerca da disposição de seu próprio corpo por meio da intervenção médica, que inclui serviços de diagnóstico, terapêuticos, cirúrgicos, preventivos e pesquisa em seres humanos. Só após o paciente ser devidamente esclarecido acerca de seu estado de saúde, do tratamento proposto, dos benefícios e riscos envolvidos, tempo de duração, custos e natureza do procedimento, dentre outros fatores, poderá dar ao médico seu consentimento informado para realização das ações médicas da qual será objeto. O consentimento livre e esclarecido do paciente constitui uma das dimensões mais importantes do princípio da autonomia e legitima o ato médico. A autonomia do paciente é tão relevante que sua inobservância pelo médico, independentemente da prática de erro médico, pode dar ensejo à sua responsabilização civil, por configurar por si só fato ou vício do serviço médico, o que lhe confere direito à reparação integral dos danos injustos sofridos, como vem sendo reconhecido pelos Tribunais brasileiros.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 menezes_tec_dr_araca.pdf: 231708 bytes, checksum: 9b342af7faf18025f1ee1db5e5205661 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi observar resultados de procedimentos odontológicos realizados em pessoas com deficiência, sob sedação consciente com Midazolam, via endovenosa, realizados no Centro de Assistência Odontológica à Pessoa com Deficiência, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba – UNESP. Acompanhou-se 460 procedimentos, independente do gênero, idade ou deficiência dos pacientes, que não permitiram a realização de tratamento odontológico previamente. Os resultados foram classificados como sucesso (quando realizados sem problemas, ainda que necessária contenção auxiliar suave, ou houve algum problema contornável, mas os procedimentos planejados puderam ser realizados) e insucesso (quando não foi possível a realização do tratamento planejado). Registrou-se, ainda, o uso de medicamentos pelos pacientes e as prováveis causas de insucesso. A pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, saturação de oxigênio e temperatura corporal foram monitorados antes, durante e após o procedimento. As dosagens de Midazolam administradas foram entre 05 a 60mg, de acordo com o peso corporal do paciente. Na maioria dos casos, foi possível a realização do tratamento planejado, sem danos aos pacientes nem à equipe odontológica e os sinais vitais se mantiveram dentro de valores normais. A sedação consciente com Midazolam, via endovenosa, pode ser considerada uma alternativa eficaz para o tratamento odontológico em pessoas com deficiência não colaboradores / The objective of this study was to observe the results of dental procedures performed in disable persons under conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, assisted at the Dental Care Center for Patients with Special Needs, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba - UNESP. 460 procedures were observed, regardless of gender, age or disability of the patients, which did not allow their dental treatment realization. The results were classified as success (when carried out without problems, even it was necessary restraint gentle help, or there was some manageable problem, but the planned procedures could be performed) and failure (when it was not possible to perform the planned treatment). It was also recorded, the use of medicines by patients and the probable causes of failure results. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature were monitored before, during and after the procedure. The doses of Midazolam were administered between 05 to 60mg, according to the patient's body weight. In most cases it was possible to perform the planned treatment without problems to the patients or to the dental staff and their vital signs remained within normal values. The conscious sedation with Midazolam, intravenously, can be considered an effective alternative for dental treatment to disable persons not employees