Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Humberto Virgilio Veira Margutti.pdf: 583553 bytes, checksum: c14839d2625bf3eb9dc7e58ff5d72339 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / Recent research suggests that men have an overconfidence bias more exacerbated than women, making that men s trading in financial markets are more frequent and the excessive trading leads to lower returns than the yields obtained by women. Therefore this research seeks to answer the following questions: Men trade more than women? That excessive trading that men have leads to lower returns? The methodology applied in this dissertation is the quantitative causal, which seeks to explain why certain individuals have better returns on investment funds than others. This analysis is made using information from a large European bank, with massive presence in Brazil. The results of the trading behavior analysis shows that the average investment return from fund holders is positively affected in the income since they will have access to funds with lower management fees. / Recentes pesquisas sugerem que os homens têm um viés de excesso de confiança mais exacerbado dos que as mulheres, fazendo com que os homens negociem ativos no mercado financeiro com uma freqüência maior e essa negociação excessiva os leva a rentabilidades inferiores daquelas rentabilidades obtidas pelas mulheres. Dessa forma essa pesquisa busca responder as seguintes indagações: Os homens negociam mais do que as mulheres? Essa negociação excessiva faz com que os homens tenham retornos em fundos de investimento inferiores aos obtidos pelas mulheres? A metodologia aplicada nesta dissertação é a quantitativa causal, que procura explicar as razões pelas quais determinados indivíduos tem retornos em fundos de investimentos superiores a outros. Essa análise é feita utilizando informações de um grande Banco Europeu, com maciça presença no Brasil. Os resultados da análise de comportamento de negociação mostram que o retorno médio de cotistas de fundo de investimento sofre uma influência positiva da renda, uma vez que passam a ter acesso a fundos de investimento com taxas de administração mais baixas.

現實社會中，由於人並非如傳統學派所聲稱完全理性制定決策，自1980年以來即產生諸多傳統學派無法說明的現象，因此行為財務學派興起。本篇導入行為財務學的模型，探討當經理人具過度自信與過度樂觀特質時，經理人的特性會如何影響公司價值。研究假設當經理人為風險中立者，可達到公司價值極大化first-best value。若經理人為風險趨避，產生的效用成本將使其無法達成此目標，但此時經理人若具過度自信，則可抵消風險趨避帶來的公司價值減損，而達成股東所希望達到的公司價值極大。除此之外，根據Heaton(2003)模型所聲稱，過度樂觀的經理人無法達成公司價值極大，而本篇修改其模型，得出當公司經理人具過度樂觀特性，是有可能符合股東利益，而達到公司價值極大化的目標。 / In real world, people don’t make decisions depend on rationality. Therefore, there exists many facts that traditional researchers can’t explain since 1980’s and that’s why behavioral finance school arises. In this paper, we use behavioral finance models to discuss when managers are overconfident or optimistic, how their personality will affect the value of company. We find that when a manager is risk-neutral, he can maximize the firm value that we called “first-best value.” However, when a manager is risk-averse, the utility cost will be the huge obstacle to attain the goal. However, if the manager is overconfident, this characteristic will counterbalance the drawback that risk-averse will decrease company value. In addition, according to Heaton’s (2003) model, an optimistic manager can’t maximize firm value. This paper modifies Heaton’s model and finds that when managers are optimistic, it is likely that a manager can meet shareholder’s needs and maximize the firm value.

The Black-Litterman model is analyzed in three steps seeking to investigate, develop and test the B-L model in an applied perspective. The first step mathematically derives the Black-Litterman model from a sampling theory approach generating a new interpretation of the model and an interpretable formula for the parameter weight-on-views.  The second step draws upon behavioural finance and partly explains why managers find B-L portfolios intuitively accurate and also comments on the risk that overconfident managers state too low levels-of-unconfidence. The third step, a case study, concerns the implementation of the B-L model at a bank. It generates insights about the key-features of the model and their interrelations, the importance of understanding the model when using it, alternative use of the model, differences between the model and reality and the influence of social and organisational context on the use of the model. The research implies that it is not the B-L model alone but the combination model-user-situation that may prove rewarding. Overall, the research indicates the great distance between theory and practice and the importance of understanding the B-L model to be able to keep a critical attitude to the model and its output. The research points towards the need for more research concerning the use of the B-L model taking cultural, social and organizational contexts into account. / QC 20101202

This dissertation is a collection of essays (chapters) on behavioral economics. Behavioral economics—arguably one of the most influential innovations in economics over the last 20 years—is a research paradigm introducing psychologically more realistic assumptions into economics. A common theme throughout the dissertation is the focus on either biased beliefs, or heterogeneous preferences, or both. The first chapter serves as an introduction to some themes in behavioral economics and its implications for market outcomes in industrial organization settings. The next two chapters are theoretical papers on entrepreneurial and managerial overconfidence that can also be thought of as contributions to this newly emerging field of behavioral industrial organization. The last chapter is an empirical contribution on gender differences in preferences and economic behavior at a young age. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2011</p>

This thesis consists of three essays in behavioral finance: One for the Gain, Three for the Loss is a study of loss aversion in portfolio choice. Using historical returns, I find that the pain of a loss must be greater than three times the pleasure of a gain for investors to hold finitely leveraged portfolios. For lower rates of loss aversion, in particular those proposed in the earlier experimental literature, portfolio allocation to risky assets is infinite. All Guts, No Glory: Trading and Diversification among Online Investors explores the cross-sectional portfolio performance of 16,831 investors at an online discount brokerage firm. Investors hold undiversified portfolios, show a strong preference for risk, and trade aggressively. I show that investors with high portfolio turnover underperform their benchmarks. The degree of diversification, a proxy for investor skill, has a separate and distinct positive effect on performance. Equity Mutual Fund Flows and Stock Returns in Sweden uses time series methods to characterize the relation between unexpected flows to equity mutual funds and returns on the Swedish stock market. I find that concurrent unexpected flows and returns are strongly positively correlated. Unexpected flows have a distinct effect on returns even when other risk factors are considered. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004

Mass., Harvard Univ., Dep. of Economics, Diss.--Cambridge, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. - Enth. 3 Beitr.

以往於經理人過度自信對公司投資決策影響之研究中，大部分注重於經理人過度自信與資本投資之關係，僅有少數文獻探討經理人過度自信與R&D支出影響。 本研究主要為探討經理人過度自信、現金部位與融資限制之關聯，針對1993年至2013年間的1,892間美國公司進行分析，首先探討經理人過度自信是否影響R&D支出對現金部位的敏感度，在進一步將公司依融資限制分為五組進行探討，研究結果發現:(1)過度自信的經理人其R&D支出對於公司現金部位的敏感性較高，這隱含過度自信的經理人在公司擁有充裕的現金時可能會過度投資,而現金不足時可能會投資不足之情形。(2)融資限制最高的組別其R&D支出對現金的敏感度顯著大於融資限制最低的組別，同時當公司融資限制的程度提高,過度自信經理人的R&D支出對現金部位的敏感度也持續上升,這樣的結果也隱含在高度融資限制影響下，過度自信經理人在進行R&D決策時，會因公司持有的現金較多而進行更多的R&D投資。

Submitted by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-09-05T20:01:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis finale version.pdf: 527455 bytes, checksum: 835e5bc14bf6752ff6f9c73158e3eb1a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-09-05T20:02:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis finale version.pdf: 527455 bytes, checksum: 835e5bc14bf6752ff6f9c73158e3eb1a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-09-05T20:03:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis finale version.pdf: 527455 bytes, checksum: 835e5bc14bf6752ff6f9c73158e3eb1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-06T10:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis finale version.pdf: 527455 bytes, checksum: 835e5bc14bf6752ff6f9c73158e3eb1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-08 / Behavioral finance, or behavioral economics, consists of a theoretical field of research stating that consequent psychological and behavioral variables are involved in financial activities such as corporate finance and investment decisions (i.e. asset allocation, portfolio management and so on). This field has known an increasing interest from scholar and financial professionals since episodes of multiple speculative bubbles and financial crises. Indeed, practical incoherencies between economic events and traditional neoclassical financial theories had pushed more and more researchers to look for new and broader models and theories. The purpose of this work is to present the field of research, still ill-known by a vast majority. This work is thus a survey that introduces its origins and its main theories, while contrasting them with traditional finance theories still predominant nowadays. The main question guiding this work would be to see if this area of inquiry is able to provide better explanations for real life market phenomenon. For that purpose, the study will present some market anomalies unsolved by traditional theories, which have been recently addressed by behavioral finance researchers. In addition, it presents a practical application of portfolio management, comparing asset allocation under the traditional Markowitz’s approach to the Black-Litterman model, which incorporates some features of behavioral finance. / Finanças comportamentais, ou economia comportamental, consiste em um campo teórico que justifica que existe importantes variáveis psicológicas e comportamentais que estejam envolvidos em actividades financeiras, tais como decisões de finanças corporativas e de investimentos (alocação de ativos, gestão de portfólios e assim por diante). Este campo tem experimentado um crescente interesse de acadêmicos e profissionais da área financeira desde episódios de várias bolhas especulativas e crises financeiras. Na verdade, incoerências entre os eventos observados no mercado real e a teoria financeira tradicional estão levando mais e mais pesquisadores a olhar para modelos e teorias novos e mais abrangentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão do campo de finanças comportamentais, ainda pouco conhecido pela maioria das pessoas. Este trabalho apresentará as suas origens e suas principais teorias, contrastando-as com as teorias tradicionais de finanças. A principal questão que orienta o trabalho é identificar se esta área é capaz de fornecer melhores explicações para os fenômenos reais de mercado. Para esse efeito, o documento vai relatar algumas anomalias anomalias de mercado que não são explicadas pelas teorias tradicionais, que foram atualmente abordadas pelos estudiosos de finanças comportamentais. Além disso, o estudo faz uma aplicação prática para a atividade de gestão de carteiras, comparando a alocação de ativos resultante do modelo tradicional de Markowitz à obtida do modelo de Black e Litterman, que adiciona algumas questões de finanças comportamentais.

Dans les trois chapitres de cette thèse nous explorons le lien entre les performances des entreprises et les caractéristiques psychologiques des dirigeants. Dans un premier chapitre conceptuel, nous étudions les fondements théoriques des travaux en finance comportementale d'entreprise en analysant l'hubris et les concepts qui lui sont apparentés. Nous suggérons des pistes de recherche futures qui, pour certaines, sont mises en oeuvre dans les deux autres chapitres de ce travail. Dans le second chapitre, nous étudions l'impact du narcissisme des dirigeants acquéreurs et cibles sur les aspects privés d'un échantillon de fusions-acquisitions américaines. Nos résultats indiquent que desniveaux de narcissisme plus élevés chez les dirigeants acquéreurs sont associés à une plus forte probabilité que l'acquéreur initie l'opération et à une période plus courte entre l'initiation de l'opération et son annonce publique. Nos résultats suggèrent également que des niveaux de narcissisme plus élevés chez les dirigeants cibles sont positivement associés à la prime offerte et négativement associés aux rendements anormaux cumulés de l'acquéreur. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous analysons l'effet du leadership authentique du dirigeant sur les performances boursières etd'exploitation d'un échantillon d'entreprises du SBF 250. Nous collectons des données sur le leadership authentique par le biais de questionnaires. Nous analysons la différence entre les performances des entreprises en les affectant à trois portefeuilles selon le niveau de leadership authentique en utilisant l'analyse en trois facteurs de Fama et French. Nous ne trouvons aucun lien significatif entre le niveau de leadership authentique du dirigeant et la performance boursière. Dansles analyses des performances d'exploitation, nous trouvons un lien positif et significatif entre le niveau de leadership authentique et la rentabilité économique (ROA). / We study the effect of CEO psychological characteristics on firm performance in three papers. We first consider the theoretical background to work in behavioral corporate finance in a conceptual paper analyzing hubris and related psychological concepts. In this paper we put forward ideas for future research, some of which we implement subsequent papers. In paper 2, we study the effect of acquirer and target CEO narcissism on the private aspects of the takeover process in a sample of US M&A deals. We find that higher levels of acquirer CEO narcissism are associated with a higher probability of deal initiation by the acquirer and with a shorter length of time between deal initiation and announcement. Concerning value effects, our results suggest that higher levels of target CEO narcissism are positively related to bid premium and negatively related to acquirer cumulative abnormal returns. In addition, the difference between acquirer and target CEO narcissism is a significant factor in explaining the different aspects of the takeover process. In the third paper, we analyze the effect of CEO authentic leadership on the market and operating performance of a sample of listed French firms. We collect data on CEO authentic leadership using questionnaires. We analyze the difference in performance of firms sorted into three portfolios according to the level of CEO authentic leadership using a Fama French three factor analysis. We fail to find a significant relationship between CEO authentic leadership and market performance. In the operating performance analyses, we find a positive association between CEO authentic leadership and ROA.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricio Bernardes Diniz.pdf: 1968324 bytes, checksum: a414358e7137c6dc9de7be80d0bcadb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / Nas mais diversas áreas de negócios, é comum que um gestor busque conhecer o perfil de seus clientes para oferecer produtos e serviços mais adequados às necessidades desses clientes. Os gestores que atuam no mercado financeiro utilizam um instrumento para identificar o perfil do investidor e ao mesmo tempo adequar a oferta de produtos e serviços financeiros em conformidade com a capacidade e a propensão de assumir riscos desse investidor, sobretudo daquele inserido no contexto do mercado de ações. Esse instrumento, apesar de não ser padrão, segue recomendações de órgãos reguladores e de associações de entidades do mercado de capitais (no Brasil, a Anbima - Associação Brasileira das Entidades dos Mercados Financeiro e de Capitais). Esses instrumentos utilizam, para a avaliação do perfil de risco, fatores como situação financeira do investidor, objetivo do investimento, horizonte de tempo para obtenção de resultados, tolerância ao risco e experiência em investimentos de risco. Não consideram fatores comportamentais que segundo a teoria, podem afetar a propensão a assumir riscos. Dentre esses fatores estão o senso de autocontrole, que ocasiona uma percepção distorcida de controle sobre os resultados esperados, e o grau de autoconfiança que no extremo pode levar ao excesso de confiança ou excesso de otimismo quanto a resultados esperados. Sendo assim, por meio de uma pesquisa realizada com 59 clientes de uma corretora de ações, o presente estudo se propôs a avaliar se o perfil de risco do investidor calculado segundo recomendações de órgãos reguladores do mercado financeiro, afeta o senso de autocontrole e o grau de confiança dos investidores em suas decisões de investimentos no mercado de ações. E avaliar se é possível segmentar os investidores de acordo com características pessoais e fatores que compõem o seu perfil de risco de forma a mais bem caracterizá-los quanto a riscos assumidos e retornos obtidos em seus investimentos em mercados de risco. Buscou identificar quais fatores que compõem a avaliação do perfil de risco são mais relevantes para discriminar os investidores segundo suas características pessoais e sua propensão a assumir riscos. A partir de uma análise de conglomerados (cluster analysis) o estudo identificou três grupos distintos de investidores com diferentes níveis de conhecimento e experiência de investimentos no mercado de ações e relacionou esses grupos a riscos assumidos e retornos alcançados em seus investimentos / In several areas of business, it is common that a manager seeks to know the profile of their customers to offer products and services best suited to the needs of these customers. The managers who work in the financial market using a tool to identify the profile of the investor and at the same time adjust the supply of financial products and services in accordance with the capacity and willingness to take risks that investors, especially from that seen in the context of the stock market . This instrument, although not standard, following recommendations of regulatory bodies and associations of the capital market (in Brazil, Anbima - Brazilian Association of Financial and Capital). These instruments use for the evaluation of the risk profile, factors such as the investor s financial situation, investment objective, time horizon for achieving results, risk tolerance and investment experience of risk. Do not consider behavioral factors which according to theory, may affect the propensity to take risks. These factors include the sense of self, which leads to a distorted perception of control over outcomes, and the degree of confidence that in the end can lead to overconfidence or over-optimism about the expected results. Thus, through a survey of 59 customers of a stockbroker, the present study was to evaluate whether the risk profile of the investor calculated according to recommendations from regulatory agencies in the financial market, affects the sense of self and the degree of confidence of investors in their investment decisions in the stock market. And assess whether it is possible to target investors according to personal characteristics and factors that comprise its risk profile in order to better characterize them as the risks taken and returns from their investments in risky markets. Sought to identify factors that make up the assessment of the risk profile are most relevant for discriminating investors according to their personal characteristics and their propensity to take risks. From a cluster analysis (cluster analysis) the study identified three distinct groups of investors with different levels of knowledge and investment experience in the stock market and related groups such the risks assumed and achieved returns on their investments