This thesis is treating how Swedish liberal adult education research (folkbildningsforskning) has emerged and consolidated. The concepts of doxa, consecration, capital and field of Pierre Bourdieu are used to reconstruct liberal adult education research as a social field. The empirical material consists of texts and documents, structured chronologically between the years of 1954-2007. Central questions are: In which way can liberal adult education research be reconstructed as a field? How does it emerge? Which are the central values (doxa) that hold the field together and going, and where are the boundaries of the field? Who are the central agents of the field? How do they achieve recognition, and on which grounds? Which are the arenas that work as concecrating instances? The study indicates that the area establishes common concepts and references. A gradual expansion occurs. This involves increased opportunities, but also involves competition. Four different phases can be reconstructed as central: the emergence (1954-1979), the expansion (1980-1989), the institutionalisation (1990-1999) and the consolidation (2000-2007). Research summaries as well as organizations of special interests are contributing to the glow of the area. A number of strong positions are established as are a number of pretenders. These relate, in different ways, to the area and to broader perspectives and settings. The area is successfully handling and employing different kinds of challenges and opportunities. This is considered a sign of relative strength of the reconstructed field of liberal adult education research. / Avhandlingen handlar om hur svensk forskning om folkbildning vuxit fram och konsoliderats. Med hjälp av Pierre Bourdieus begrepp doxa, konsekration, kapital och fält rekonstrueras folkbildningsforskning som ett fält. Det empiriska materialet består av texter och dokument. Detta struktureras längs en tidsaxel, mellan 1954-2007. Centrala frågor är: Hur kan folkbildningsforskningen som fält rekonstrueras? Hur sker dess framväxt? Vilka är de centrala värden (doxa) som håller samman och bär upp fältet och var går dess gränser? Vilka är agenterna på fältet? Hur når de erkännande och på vilka grunder sker det? Vilka är de arenor som fungerar som instanser för erkännande?Studien visar att området etablerar gemensamma begrepp och referenser. En successiv expansion sker. Detta innebär ökade möjligheter, men också större konkurrens. Fyra olika skeden kan rekonstrueras som centrala: framväxten(1954-1979), expansionen (1980-1989), institutionaliseringen (1990-1999) och konsolideringen(2000-2007). Kunskapsöversikter, liksom intresseorganisationer, bidrar till områdets formering. Ett antal starka positioner uppstår, liksom pretenderande grupper. Dessa knyter, på olika sätt, an till området, men också till bredare perspektiv och kontexter. Att området förmår hantera, och införliva, utmaningar av olika slag, tyder på en relativ styrka.

I denna uppsats undersöker vi arbete med publik på Moderna Museet och Botkyrka konsthall genom att studera vilka logiker som gör anspråk på att reglera publikarbetet. Vi vill även se om publikarbetet påverkar kulturproduktionen inom institutionerna. Publiken, i rollen av medborgaren, har stått i centrum av den svenska kulturpolitiska retoriken sedan första hälften av 1900-talet. Språket har förändrats genom åren inom kulturfältet i och med införandet av nya begrepp och begreppsförflyttningar som t.ex. medborgarperspektiv, kulturell kvalitet, deltagande, dialog, kunder, effektivisering och resultatmätning. Bakom begreppen finns det handlingslogiker som formats av olika diskurser inom det kulturella fältet. En diskurs kan i korthet förklaras som det språk genom vilket vi tyder och förhåller oss till världen. Genom diskursanalys och nyinstitutionell teori kartlägger vi hur konstprofessionella-, demokratiska-, byråkratiska- och managementlogiken styr publikarbete på Moderna Museet och Botkyrka konsthall. Vårt resultat visar att det inte är en dominerande diskurs som tar anspråk på att styra och reglera konstinstitutionernas publikarbete. Vi kan däremot se att det är många olika logiker som existerar i en institutionell pluralism. Den demokratiska logiken har ett starkt grepp om publikarbetet, men de andra logikerna påverkar även val av hur man arbetar med publikarbete. Studien visar på att det är just publikarbetet som har fått bära statens och kommunens krav på att nå nya målgrupper och arbeta för mångfald samt tillgänglighet. Publikarbetet påverkar Moderna Museets och Botkyrka konsthalls kulturproduktion på olika sätt men på båda institutionerna har arbetet med publik en viktiga roll i legitimerandet av institutionernas verksamhet. / In this paper, we examine how Moderna museet and Botkyrka konsthall work with audience, by studying which logic claim to regulate the work with audience. We also want to see if their work with audience affects the production of culture within the institutions. The audience, in the role of citizens, has been the center of the rhetoric within Swedish cultural politics since the first half of the 20th century. The language has changed over the years in the cultural field with the introduction of new concepts and concept movement, such as citizen perspective, cultural quality, participation, dialogue, customers, efficiency and performance measurement. Behind the concept is the logics formed by various discourses in the cultural field. A discourse can be explained as the language through which we interpret and relate to the world. With discourse analysis and new institutional theory, we map how art professional-, democratic-, bureaucratic- and management logic controls the audience work in Moderna museet and Botkyrka Konsthall. The result shows there is a dominant discourse that claims to control and regulate the work within public art institutions. However, many different logics exist in an institutional pluralism. The democratic logic has a strong grip on the audience work, but the other logics also affect the choice of how to work with audience. This paper shows it is precisely the work with audience that had to bear the state and community’s requirements to reach new audiences and promote diversity and accessibility. The work with audience affects Moderna Museet and Botkyrka Konsthall in their cultural production in different ways, but the two institutions have been working with audience important role in the legitimization of institutions.

Sur la base d’une étude des équipes de football universitaire, le présent mémoire de maîtrise cherche à mettre en évidence les éléments de l’« esprit de corps » — c’est-à-dire l’adhésion pas forcément consciente « des individus aux valeurs et à la valeur d’un groupe qui, en tant que corps intégré, dispose des espèces d’échanges propres à renforcer l’intégration et la solidarité entre ses membres » (Bourdieu, 1989, p. 258) — qui peuvent être applicables à ce groupe donné tout en analysant de quelle façon cette notion vient influencer les performances des équipes. En s’appuyant sur des notes de terrain recueillies lors d’une observation exploratoire et sur des entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés auprès de joueurs de football qui jouent ou qui ont joué au niveau universitaire, ce mémoire a pour objectif de mieux saisir en quoi un esprit de corps présent à l’intérieur d’une équipe de football vient influencer les performances de celle-ci. Sur la base des données recueillies, une équipe présentant un fort esprit de corps en ses rangs voit ses performances la mener au succès. Lorsque les composantes de l’esprit de corps sont présentes, partagées par tous les joueurs et suivies à la lettre, les équipes sont appelées à mieux performer dans la ligue de football universitaire, contrairement à d’autres formations où certains éléments caractérisant l’esprit de corps ont une importance moindre. / On the basis of a study of college football teams, the current Master’s thesis seeks to highlight the elements of “esprit de corps” present within the teams and how they can affect the teams’ performances. In other words, this thesis investigates the accession, consciously or not, of people to a group’s values who, as an integrated corps, possess common features that reinforce the integration and the solidarity between its members, as applied to college football teams. Combining field notes from exploratory observations as well as semi-directed interviews done with college football players or formers college football players, this thesis aims to lead to a better understanding of how “esprit de corps” amongst a team can have an influence on its performances. On the basis of the collected data, it appears that football teams that present a strong “esprit de corps” tend to perform better. When the “esprit de corps” components are fulfilled, shared and followed by all the players, football teams offer great performances compared to other teams where these components are considered less important. Key

[pt] Esta dissertação explora tensões emergentes do crescente engajamento dos chamados provedores Sul-Sul no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, discutindo alguns de seus efeitos sob a ação de governos receptores, doadores Norte-Sul e estruturas de governança no espaço social em questão. Beneficiamo-nos principalmente das noções de campo e cultura de auditoria de Pierre Bourdieu e Marilyn Strathern, respectivamente. Por meio dessas, descrevemos a trajetória da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento a partir da segunda metade do século XX, ressaltando o papel do Comitê de Assistência ao Desenvolvimento (CAD) da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) na elaboração e manutenção de princípios organizadores e práticas dominantes no campo. Enfatizamos o plano simbólico ao narrar a oposição histórica entre cooperação Norte-Sul e Sul-Sul, sugerindo conexão inextricável entre a emergência da última e a crítica no campo à agenda da eficácia da ajuda. Observamos os efeitos das tensões entre cooperação Sul-Sul e Norte-Sul na dimensão local a partir de um estudo de caso sobre Moçambique, aplicando as noções de dependência simbólica e efeito BRICS a fim compreender tendências e impactos sob o comportamento do Governo de Moçambique, doadores Norte-Sul e suas condicionalidades, e o processo de consolidação democrática no país. Ao final, sistematizamos algumas reflexões sobre o estado de fluxo do campo, sugerindo que sua re-politização não necessariamente se traduz em democratização para países receptores. / [en] This thesis explores tensions emerging from the growing engagement of so-called South-South providers in the field of international development cooperation, discussing some of their effects on the behavior of recipient governments, North-South donors and governance structures within the referred social space. The primary concepts mobilized are those of field and audit culture, as used by Pierre Bourdieu and Marilyn Strathern respectively. Through these, we describe the trajectory of international development cooperation during the second half of the twentieth century, emphasizing the role of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in creating and maintaining the field’s organizing principles and dominant practices. We emphasize the symbolic realm in narrating the historic opposition between North-South and South-South cooperation, suggesting an inextricable connection between the emergence of the later and the critique of the aid effectiveness agenda. We explore the local effects of tensions between South-South and North-South cooperation through a case study on Mozambique, applying the notions of symbolic dependence and the BRICS effect in order to understand trends and impacts on the behavior of the Government of Mozambique, North-South donors and their conditionalities, and the process of democratic consolidation in the country. Finally, we draw some reflections on the state of flux of the development cooperation field, suggesting that its re-politicization does not necessarily imply democratization for recipient countries.

Utilizando como referencial teórico as teorias de Capital, Habitus, Campo e Campo Esportivo, desenvolvidas pelo sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu, efetuou-se nessa Dissertação de Mestrado um estudo de caráter descritivo-analítico, com um enfoque histórico-social. A análise empreendida neste instrumento de pesquisa compreende um caso concreto que ocorreu no cenário esportivo nacional, que foi a construção do Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo. A partir da teoria de Campo e Campo Esportivo, foi definido o futebol brasileiro como um espaço social de prática esportiva, demarcando o São Paulo Futebol Clube como um agente esportivo deste campo. A edificação desta obra erigida por esse personagem do cenário futebolístico do Brasil foi interpretada através das teorias de Capital e Habitus, o que nos permite apreender o Estádio do Morumbi como um elemento que possibilitou ao São Paulo Futebol Clube se diferenciar dentro do campo esportivo, além de entender as práxis que os dirigentes são-paulinos realizaram para poder erigir o seu estádio. Ao realizar esta análise, registrar-se um período (1970 1992) que se inicia após a construção do Morumbi, e vai até a conquista do primeiro título mundial do São Paulo Futebol Clube. Durante essa fase é reconhecido que a agremiação conquistou inúmeros êxitos esportivos, além de aumentar sua torcida por todo país, elucidando que o Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo foi um dos possíveis fatores que proporcionaram a aquisição destes triunfos / Using as theoretical reference the theories of Capital, Habitus, Field and Sports Field, developed by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, a Master\'s Dissertation was carried out in a descriptive-analytical study with a historical-social approach. The analysis undertaken in this research instrument case study that occurred in the national sports scene, which was the construction of the Stadium Cicero Pompeu de Toledo. From the theory of Field and Sports Field, Brazilian football was defined as a social space of sports practice, showing São Paulo Football Club as a sports agent in this field. The built of this work erected by this personage of the soccer scene in Brazil was interpreted through the theories of Capital and Habitus, which allows us to apprehend Morumbi Stadium as an element that allowed São Paulo Football Club to differentiate itself within the sports field, besides to understand the praxis that Sao Paulos leaders have carried out in order to erect their stadium. In this analysis, a period (1970 - 1992) is recorded, starting after the construction of Morumbi, and going on until the conquest of the first world title of São Paulo Football Club. During this phase, it is recognized that the club won numerous sports successes, in addition to increasing its fans throughout the country, elucidating that Cícero Pompeu de Toledo Stadium was one of the possible factors that provided the acquisition of these triumphs

Mehr als zwei Jahrzehnte nach der wirtschaftlichen Liberalisierung Indiens kam es zur Herausbildung einer neuen Kultur des Unternehmergeistes, eines kapitalistischen Geistes. Sie umfasst die Wiederbelebung traditioneller wie auch das Entstehen angeblich moderner Werte. Die Kultur des Unternehmergeistes bezog sich vorwiegend auf die aufstrebende Mittelschicht des Landes. Diese Arbeitet erforscht wie der kapitalistische Geist in der Wirtschaftselite im indischen Bundesstaat Gujarat entsteht. Das Ziel der Forschung liegt in der Erklärung von Ungleichzeitigkeit im kapitalistischen Geist. Gujarat bietet sich als Region für eine solche Analyse an, da der Staat sowohl über wirtschaftliche Traditionen verfügt wie auch eine starke wirtschaftliche Öffnung erfährt. Den kapitalistischen Geist fasse ich als kapitalistisches Ethos im Anschluss an Pierre Bourdieus Konzept des Habitus. In Kombination mit Boike Rehbeins Konzept der Soziokultur, welches nebeneinander bestehende Lagen mit unterschiedlichen sozio-historischem Ursprüngen in einer Gesellschaft erklärt, gehe ich der Forschungsfrage nach dem Entstehen des kapitalistischen Geistes nach. Die Forschung wurde mittels der Dokumentarischen Methode mit qualitativen Interviews mit der Wirtschaftselite in Gujarat durchgeführt. Dem kapitalistischen Ethos in der Wirtschaftselite in Gujarat liegen drei Soziokulturen zugrunde, die mit der Britischen Kolonialzeit und Industrialisierung (1850-1947), mit der Zeit der eingeschränkten Wirtschaft (1947-1991) und mit der wirtschaftlichen Liberalisierung (1991) entstanden. Das kapitalistische Ethos wird in den Soziokulturen verschiedentlich interpretiert. Ich habe drei kapitalistische Ethoi rekonstruiert: das Mahajan Ethos, das Nehruvianische Ethos und das Neoliberale Ethos. / Almost two decades after India’s economic liberalization, scholars found the emergence of a new moral order. This new enterprise culture, or capitalist spirit, entailed the revival of traditional as well the formation of putatively modern values. While this enterprise culture accounted mostly to the emerging middle class in the country, similar changes were observed at the core of industrial capitalism: management styles, which remained unstudied sociologically. This thesis investigates how the capitalist spirit in the business elite in the Indian state of Gujarat emerges. The purpose of this study is to explain the emergence of asynchronicity in the capitalist spirit. Studying the business elite in a state with a stronghold in business traditions as well as a stark economic liberalization contributes to the above mentioned studies. Based on literature review I argue for the capitalist spirit as capitalist ethos, drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus concept in combination with Boike Rehbein ‘s concept of socioculture, which explains coexisting layers in societies of different socio-historical origins. This research interest was operationalized with the documentary method, conducting qualitative interviews with the top business leaders in Gujarat. In this study, the capitalist ethos in the business elite in Gujarat emerges in three sociocultures that arose with British colonialism and industrialization (1850-1947), with the restricted economy (1947-1991), and with economic liberalization (1991). The capitalist ethos is differently interpreted in the sociocultures and therefore gains different meaning. I reconstructed the three capitalist ethoi of the Mahajan Ethos, the Nehruvian Ethos and the Neoliberal Ethos, respectively.

Cette thèse porte sur l'engagement de la société civile dans les relations franco-allemandes entre 1989 et 2013, avec une ouverture portant jusqu'à l'année 2017. Son objectif est d'étudier le rôle, l'organisation et le caractère transnational de six initiatives franco-allemandes face à l'intégration européenne et à la mondialisation. Tout en démontrant l'importance de l'engagement citoyen, cette thèse s'interroge sur la place de la relation franco-allemande dans nos sociétés actuelles. L'interdisciplinarité du travail nécessite la mobilisation de plusieurs méthodes de recherche. L'exploitation des archives propres à chaque association se révèle particulièrement importante, pour pouvoir illustrer l'évolution des initiatives citoyennes sur la base de données empiriques. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse procède par catégories : (1) communication, (2) conception des programmes/orientation thématique, (3) réseautage et (4) professionnalisation/potentiel d'innovation. Ensuite, la thèse explore l'importance du capital social individuel (Bourdieu) des personnalités clés au sein d'une association ainsi que le capital social collectif (Putnam) généré par ces associations. Les relations que les associations entretiennent au sein du réseau franco-allemand et les liens qu'entretiennent les personnages clés avec d'autres acteurs situés en dehors de cet espace binational sont deux éléments importants pour la visibilité, le poids et l'utilité sociale des initiatives (Gadrey). Enfin, le travail pose la question de savoir si ces associations constituent des hétérotopies (Foucault) qui suscitent un habitus particulier tout en créant une conscience franco-allemande. Ainsi, cette thèse s'emploie à démontrer l'importance d'un réseau associatif transnational. / This thesis discusses the civil society engagement in the relationship between France and Germany between 1989 and 2013, with an outlook until 2017. Its objective is to study the role, the organisation and the transnational character of six Franco-German associations in the face of European integration and globalisation. By showing the importance of civil society engagement, this thesis questions the place of the Franco-German relationship in our contemporary society. The multidisciplinarity of this thesis demands the application of different methodological approaches. The analysis of empirical data through the examination of the associations' archives is particularly important in order to show the development of the initiatives. First, the material is analysed by the categories (1) communication, (2) program conception/main topics, (3) networking and (4) professionalization/innovation potential, which reveal different challenges such as the ageing of the members. Then, the thesis explores the importance of individual social capital (Bourdieu) for an association disposed by key personalities as well as the collective social capital (Putnam) generated by these associations. Not only the relations the associations are maintaining within the Franco-German network but also the connections key personalities have outside of the binational space are important for the visibility, wages and social utility of the initiatives (Gadrey). Finally, the thesis asks if these associations could be characterized as heterotopy (Foucault), which evokes a particular habitus by creating a Franco-German self-conception. The analysis therefore attempts to show the importance of a transnational association network.

This thesis examines the relationship between recognition of prior learning and the aim to increase social and ethnical diversity in higher education. Recognition of prior learning is a result of educational politics aiming to broaden social and ethnical recruitment to higher education. By examining if recognition of prior learning rather can, and shall, be seen as part of what Pierre Bourdieu calls educational social reproduction I try to question whether it fulfils education policy goals or not. My results show that persons responsible for recognition of prior learning rather recognise knowledge from prior educational institutions than knowledge gained outside the educational system. Considering this, recognition of prior learning does not quite live up to the aims. But if evaluated and developed it might become a useful tool to broaden recruitment to higher education. / Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka relationen mellan validering av reell kompetens och målet att öka den sociala och etniska mångfalden i högskolan. Validering av reell kompetens är resultatet av en politisk högskolereform som syftar till breddad rekrytering men jag försöker lyfta frågan om validering snarare kan, och skall, ses som en del av vad Pierre Bourdieu kallar den sociala reproduktionen i högskolan. Mina resultat visar att de som gör bedömningar av reell kompetens är mer benägna att värdera tidigare utbildningserfarenhet än kunskaper hämtade från andra områden. Detta gör att vi i dagsläget kan tala om att validering av reell kompetens inte riktigt lever upp till sitt mål, men att det, om det används på rätt sätt, kan vara ett bra redskap för att bredda rekryteringen.

<p>This thesis is treating how Swedish liberal adult education research (folkbildningsforskning) has emerged and consolidated. The concepts of doxa, consecration, capital and field of Pierre Bourdieu are used to reconstruct liberal adult education research as a social field. The empirical material consists of texts and documents, structured chronologically between the years of 1954-2007. Central questions are: In which way can liberal adult education research be reconstructed as a field? How does it emerge? Which are the central values (doxa) that hold the field together and going, and where are the boundaries of the field? Who are the central agents of the field? How do they achieve recognition, and on which grounds? Which are the arenas that work as concecrating instances? The study indicates that the area establishes common concepts and references. A gradual expansion occurs. This involves increased opportunities, but also involves competition. Four different phases can be reconstructed as central: the emergence (1954-1979), the expansion (1980-1989), the institutionalisation (1990-1999) and the consolidation (2000-2007). Research summaries as well as organizations of special interests are contributing to the glow of the area. A number of strong positions are established as are a number of pretenders. These relate, in different ways, to the area and to broader perspectives and settings. The area is successfully handling and employing different kinds of challenges and opportunities. This is considered a sign of relative strength of the reconstructed field of liberal adult education research.</p> / <p>Avhandlingen handlar om hur svensk forskning om folkbildning vuxit fram och konsoliderats. Med hjälp av Pierre Bourdieus begrepp doxa, konsekration, kapital och fält rekonstrueras folkbildningsforskning som ett fält. Det empiriska materialet består av texter och dokument. Detta struktureras längs en tidsaxel, mellan 1954-2007. Centrala frågor är: Hur kan folkbildningsforskningen som fält rekonstrueras? Hur sker dess framväxt? Vilka är de centrala värden (doxa) som håller samman och bär upp fältet och var går dess gränser? Vilka är agenterna på fältet? Hur når de erkännande och på vilka grunder sker det? Vilka är de arenor som fungerar som instanser för erkännande?Studien visar att området etablerar gemensamma begrepp och referenser. En successiv expansion sker. Detta innebär ökade möjligheter, men också större konkurrens. Fyra olika skeden kan rekonstrueras som centrala: framväxten(1954-1979), expansionen (1980-1989), institutionaliseringen (1990-1999) och konsolideringen(2000-2007). Kunskapsöversikter, liksom intresseorganisationer, bidrar till områdets formering. Ett antal starka positioner uppstår, liksom pretenderande grupper. Dessa knyter, på olika sätt, an till området, men också till bredare perspektiv och kontexter. Att området förmår hantera, och införliva, utmaningar av olika slag, tyder på en relativ styrka.</p>

<p>This thesis examines the relationship between recognition of prior learning and the aim to increase social and ethnical diversity in higher education. Recognition of prior learning is a result of educational politics aiming to broaden social and ethnical recruitment to higher education. By examining if recognition of prior learning rather can, and shall, be seen as part of what Pierre Bourdieu calls educational social reproduction I try to question whether it fulfils education policy goals or not. My results show that persons responsible for recognition of prior learning rather recognise knowledge from prior educational institutions than knowledge gained outside the educational system. Considering this, recognition of prior learning does not quite live up to the aims. But if evaluated and developed it might become a useful tool to broaden recruitment to higher education.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka relationen mellan validering av reell kompetens och målet att öka den sociala och etniska mångfalden i högskolan. Validering av reell kompetens är resultatet av en politisk högskolereform som syftar till breddad rekrytering men jag försöker lyfta frågan om validering snarare kan, och skall, ses som en del av vad Pierre Bourdieu kallar den sociala reproduktionen i högskolan. Mina resultat visar att de som gör bedömningar av reell kompetens är mer benägna att värdera tidigare utbildningserfarenhet än kunskaper hämtade från andra områden. Detta gör att vi i dagsläget kan tala om att validering av reell kompetens inte riktigt lever upp till sitt mål, men att det, om det används på rätt sätt, kan vara ett bra redskap för att bredda rekryteringen.</p>