“The relationship between the criminal and victim is much more complicated than the law would care to acknowledge. The criminal and his victim work on each other unconsciously. We can say that as the criminal shapes the victim, the victim also shapes the criminal. The law differentiates distinctly between the attacker and the victim. But their relationship may be, and often is, quite close, so that their roles are reversed and the victim becomes the determining person, while the [victimiser] in the end becomes his own victim.” (Abrahamsen, 1973:35). This research was directed at establishing whether narcissistic individuals will go to extreme levels of violence, specifically murder, if their self-image is threatened. The aim was to determine the extent of pre-existing narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in these individuals and how this contributed to the murderous action they committed. Emphasis was placed on the psychological motivation of the perpetrator, as well as the relationship that existed between the perpetrator and the victim prior to the event. As the subject of the research was a relatively unknown phenomenon, a qualitative research approach was used. The research focused on analysing specific cases of murder, more particularly cases where rage-type murders were committed. It endeavoured to identify the underlying personality dynamics to determine whether an association between rage-type murder and NPD exists. Case studies illustrating rage-type murderers who had been admitted to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital for a 30-day observation period were identified and analysed. These cases were selected through reviewing the case history of each individual to determine whether the murder fitted the outlined definition of a rage-type murder. The cases that met the outlined requirements were deemed suitable for the purpose of the research, where after the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) results of the selected cases were examined to determine the personality organisation of the individuals. This information was then used to determine the possible association between NPD and rage-type murder. The MMPI-2 was selected as the assessment tool as it is the most widely used personality assessment available. For the purposes of this research a two-point code type was used to indicate the presence of narcissistic personality traits. A two-point code type implies an elevation of two scales, for the purposes of this research specifically the Pd (Psychopathic deviance) scale and the Pa (Paranoia) scale, also referred to as the 4-6/6-4 code type. As interpretation based only on a two-scale elevation was considered to be overly simplistic, all the MMPI-2 clinical scales were interpreted independently, and a clinical interpretation provided in the context of each individual’s background. The 4-6/6-4 code type individual was used to indicate whether the individuals did have narcissistic personality traits, and thus were classified as having NPD. Nine cases were identified of individuals thought to be rage-type murderers, who were admitted for a 30-day period of psychiatric observation to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital in Pretoria. Only five cases were acknowledged as rage-type murders. All the cases selected were referred to Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital by order of the court and involved males over the age of 20 years. The individuals involved were admitted to the Forensic Unit of the hospital and were subjected to standard psychiatric hospital observations, which included psychiatric interviews, psychological interviews, psychological testing, as well as general behavioural observations in the ward. All the information obtained during the standard psychiatric hospital observations is held in the clinical case files in the archives at the hospital. All the standard psychiatric hospital observation evaluations were completed prior to the initiation of the research, and the case records had been closed. Although more research is necessary, this research has established an association between the selected cases of rage-type murder and NPD and there is historic documented evidence suggesting that individuals with NPD will most likely react in a similar manner in similar circumstances, as a result of their underlying personality disorder. This suggests that incarceration in a correctional facility is not the most appropriate place to rehabilitate individuals. It also serves as support to why a person with NPD who commits a rage-type murder should be acquitted because of their personality disorder and subsequently be committed to a psychiatric facility as a patient of the state president. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Dentro del contexto de convergencia cultural en el Perú, Mibanco cambió su comunicación de marca para enfocarse en atraer a su público objetivo a través del mensaje de emprendimiento como una acción necesaria para superar los problemas sociales del país, impulsando el reconocimiento de la convergencia cultural histórica. Para lograrlo, realizaron múltiples campañas publicitarias, entre las que resalta “Ciudadanos del mañana” al ser una crítica directa a la indiferencia de la población ante los problemas del Perú. El elemento analizado es el estudiante escolar como herramienta de comunicación para generar mayor conexión con el público objetivo, lo cual llama la atención por su representación como influenciadores, llamando a los adultos a cambiar la situación actual del país. A partir de lo anterior, se investigó el uso de la imagen de escolares con un rango de edad entre 12 a 17 años de edad y de nivel socioeconómico B, C y D, hijos de adultos que corresponden al público objetivo de MiBanco en la campaña publicitaria “Ciudadanos del Mañana”, como herramienta de comunicación para el desarrollo de la narrativa social del emprendimiento en Lima Metropolitana con el objetivo de determinar la eficacia del impacto de los escolares en la campaña publicitaria. / During the context of cultural convergence in Peru, MiBanco changed its brand communication to focus on attracting its main target through the message of entrepreneurship as an action needed to surpass the social problems of the country, promoting the recognition of the historical cultural convergence. To achieve it, they did multiple advertising campaigns, from which is highlighted “Ciudadanos del Mañana” for being a direct critique to the indifference of the population to the problems of Peru. The analyzed element is the school student as a communication tool to manifest the problems highlighted to generate more connection with the main target, which calls the attention for its portrayal as influencers, calling out the adults to change the current situation of the country. From the above situation, it was investigated the use of the school students’ image between 12 and 17 years old and from social-economical level B, C and D, children of adults that comprehends the main target of MiBanco in the advertising campaign “Ciudadanos del Mañana”, as a communication tool for the development of the social narrative of entrepreneurship in Metropolitan Lima with the objective of determining the efficacy of the impact of the school students in the advertising campaign. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of how the social workers' self-images are affected by how they perceive public attitudes and news media's portrayal of their profession as well as understanding how they are coping with it. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), which focuses on how individuals experience a certain phenomenon, has been used as a method. One of IPA's theoretical underpinnings is symbolic interactionism and therefore experiences which have effect on a person's self-image is significant. The results show that social workers perceive public attitudes as mainly negative and that the media often portrays social workers in a negative way, which aligns with previous studies. Furthermore, there seems to be a dissonance between the social workers' view of their professional role and how they feel that others perceive them, which led to the use of cognitive dissonance as a theory to support the results in the analysis. The social workers use different strategies to lessen the discomfort that emerges from the dissonance. For instance they tend to avoid telling others what they work with. A successful reduction of the dissonance can help the social workers to maintain a positive self-image.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns skillnader mellan skambenägenhet, självbild samt generell symtomnivå hos en patientgrupp inför behandling i Känsloskola jämfört med en normgrupp. Ett ytterligare syfte var att hos patientgruppen studera sambandet mellan dessa tre faktorer. Mätinstrumenten bestod av TOSCA, SASB Introject och SCL-90 GSI. I studien medverkade 18 vuxna patienter, varav 4 män och 14 kvinnor. Patienterna rekryterades från olika öppenvårdsmottagningar vid en vuxenpsykiatrisk klinik i Umeå där studien genomfördes. Resultaten visade på en tydlig signifikant skillnad mellan patientgruppen och normgrupperna. Patientgruppen uppvisade högre nivåer av skambenägenhet, självkontroll, självkritik, självhat, självförsummelse och symtom samt lägre nivåer av självacceptans, självkärlek, självvård än normalgruppen. Studien fann även ett tydligt signifikant positivt samband mellan skambenägenhet, självbildsaspekterna självkritik och självhat samt symtomnivå hos patientgruppen. Studien bidrar med ny kunskap om känsloskolans patientgrupp. Ett lågt deltagarantal och ojämn könsfördelning uppmanar till försiktighet vad gäller tolkning och generalisering av resultatet. En initial bedömning av patienternas tillstånd kan tillvaratas i utformningen av psykologisk behandling av olika psykiatriska tillstånd. Inte minst kunskapen om skambenägenhet och självhat. / The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there were differences between shameproneness, self-image and general symptom level in a patient group before treatment in Känsloskola (Emotion school) compared with a norm group. An additional purpose was to study the relationship between these three factors in the patient group. The measuring instruments consisted of TOSCA, SASB Introject and SCL-90 GSI. The study involved 18 adult patients, of whom 4 were men and 14 women. The patients were recruited from various outpatient clinics at an adult psychiatric clinic in Umeå where the study was conducted. The result showed a clear significant difference between the patient group and the norm groups. The patient group showed a higher level of shame proneness, self-control, self-critisism, self-hatred, self-neglect and symptom and lower levels of self-acceptace, selflove, selfcare than the normal group. The study also found a clear significant positive relationship between shameproneness, self-image aspects self-criticism and self-hatred and symptom level in the patient group. The study contributes with new knowledge about Känsloskolans patient group. A low number of participants and an uneven gender distribution call for caution with regard to the interpretation and generalization of the results. An initial assessment of the patients condition can be used in the design of psychological treatment of various psychiatric conditions. Not least the knowledge of shame and self-hatred.

För att hantera den förändrade situationen i närområdet måste Försvarsmakten öka sin operativa förmåga och med det, även sin rekrytering. För specialförbanden har utebliven värnplikt inneburit en reducerad rekryteringsbas samtidigt som Försvarsmakten, för att öka sin operativa förmåga, bl.a. skapat förband med specifika kompetenser, förmågor och uppgifter vilket i sin tur lett till en konkurrenssituation avseende bemanning. För specialförbanden har detta tillsammans med ett lågt utfall från uttagningstesterna inneburit en utmaning att tillgodose det operativa behovet av systemets viktigaste resurs, personalen. Denna kvalitativa studie som baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer och en workshop syftar till att, utifrån operativ personal vid specialförbanden, fördjupa förståelsen för hur utfallet av uttagningstesterna skall kunna förbättras. Studiens identifierade drivkrafter, som ligger till grund för individer att söka till samt fullfölja de fysiskt och psykiskt krävande uttagningstesterna, analyseras därför gentemot motivationsteorier, organisatoriska perspektiv och psykologiska begrepp. Studien tyder på att även om drivkrafterna för att söka till respektive fullfölja testerna skiljer sig åt, så bidrar dessa tillsammans med stödjande funktioner till individens förmåga att härda ut, vilken är avgörande för att fullfölja uttagningstesterna.  Utifrån resultatet kan specialförbandens attraktion utformas och riktas på ett tydligare sätt. Vidare kan befintliga urvalskriterier vidareutvecklas för att ur det totala antalet sökande, kunna kalla de individer med bäst förutsättningar att lyckas fullfölja och klara uttagningsprocessen. / The Swedish Armed Forces needs to increase the recruitment rate and operational capability in order to handle the developing situation in the region. For the Special Forces, the lack of conscripts has meant a reduced recruitment at the same time as the rest of the Armed Forces, in order to increase operational capability, has created units with specific skills, abilities and tasks, which in turn have led to a competitive situation regarding the staff. This together with a high attrition rate from selection process has led to a challenge meeting the operational demand regarding the Special Forces most valuable asset, the personnel. This qualitative research, based on semi-structured interviews and a workshop with operational personnel at the Special Forces aims to increase the understanding of how the outcome of the selection process can be improved. The driving factors identified in this research, which form the basis for individuals to apply to the Special Forces and complete the physically and psychologically demanding selection tests, are hence analysed in relation to motivational theories, organizational perspectives and psychological terms. The study indicates that the drive for applying to and completing the selection differ, however, both of them combined with supportive functions contribute to the individual's ability to persevere and are crucial elements for completing the selection process.  Based on the results attraction of the Special Forces can be designed and directed more accurately. Furthermore, existing selection criteria can be refined in order to, out of the total number of applicants, be able to select the individuals with the best chance to successfully complete the selection process.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de la mala autopercepción de la salud bucal con los síntomas del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) en población adulta de los Estados Unidos de América. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo analítico, con un total de 2348 personas entre las edades comprendidas de 15 a 55 años tomadas de las encuestas National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) durante el periodo 2015-2016 realizadas por el Center Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) de los Estados Unidos de América. Para la evaluación de ambas variables se emplearon preguntas de auto reporte. Asimismo, la comparación de la mala autopercepción de salud bucal con las características de los participantes se realizó mediante la prueba estadística Chi cuadrado. Para asociar la mala autopercepción de salud bucal con los síntomas del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) se usó la regresión de Poisson para asociar la razón de prevalencia cruda y ajustada con un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05 e IC (95%). Resultados: Al asociar la mala autopercepción de salud bucal con los síntomas del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS), no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa p > 0.05. El 9.5% de participantes del sexo femenino tienen una mayor frecuencia de presentar una mala autopercepción de salud bucal en comparación al sexo opuesto. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se observó que, la autopercepción de salud bucal no está relacionada con los síntomas tales como la somnolencia y ronquidos del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS). / Aim: Determine the association of negative self-perception of oral health with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) disorders in the population aged 15 to 55 years of the United States of America. Materials and methods: An analytical retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out, with a total of 2348 people between the ages of 15 and 55 years taken from the National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period 2015-2016 carried out by the Center Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States of America. For the evaluation of both variables, self-report questions were used. Likewise, the comparison of the poor self-perception of oral health with the characteristics of the participants was carried out using the Chi square statistical test. To associate poor self-perceived oral health with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) symptoms, Poisson regression was used to associate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with a significance level of p < 0.05 and CI (95%). Results: When associating poor self-perception of oral health with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), no statistically significant association was found p > 0.05. While 9.5% of female participants have a higher frequency of presenting a poor self-perception of oral health compared to the opposite sex. Conclusions: In the present study, it was observed that oral health self-perception is not related to symptoms such as sleepiness and snoring of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) disorders. / Tesis

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka vad det finns förbakomliggande faktorer för elever med lässvårigheter. Dessutom kommerstudien att undersöka ett läromedel som används av mer än hälften av Sveriges elever. Detta görs för att undersöka om elever med lässvårigheter gynnas avläromedlet. Teorin som använts i studien är det sociokulturella perspektivetsom inriktar sig på elevers utveckling, lärande och språk och fokus kommerligga på lässvårigheter. Metoder som kommer att användas i studien ärinsamlingsmetod och analysmetod. Litteratur kommer samlas in och därefteranalyseras genom innehållsanalysen, där data samlas in och kategoriseras iväsentliga kategorier för studien. Studiens resultat visar bredden avbakomliggande faktorer för lässvårigheter, även om inte alla belyses i den härstudien, men även hur faktorerna går ihop med varandra. Flertal elever medstudiens bakomliggande faktorer kan gynnas, men en avgörande roll är hurskicklig läraren är i arbetet med läromedlet och eleverna och det ärbetydelsefullt att finna den bakomliggande faktorn för elevens lässvårighetinnan arbetet med läromedlet och upplägget används.

No description available.

Rudyard Kipling is a man of immense diversity. He successfully managed to write for over half a century in a variety of genres: short story, travelogue, ballad, personal narrative, and news reporting, to name only a few. While doing so, Kipling readily interacted with a range of subjects and created a multitude of ideas. Likewise, on a personal level, Kipling led an immensely diverse life. He could easily claim four separate continents as home, living variously in India, the United States, England, and South Africa. By profession he was a writer, but as an observer he was so skilled that he learned by heart a variety of professions ranging from street beggar to statesman. Both before and after his life, this variety and complexity has been a subject of debate. Some ignore it, others focus on a particular side of it, but for all it represents an interesting challenge in both studying and classifying Kipling. This thesis seeks to address that challenge by focusing on how Kipling's varying and competing images and ideas work together to assert Kipling's independence. In doing so, this work will look specifically at how Kipling uses multifaceted techniques in his public speeches. In looking at the speeches, the thesis explores three ways in which multiplicity reinforces independence: the combination of privacy and creation, the refashioning of expert detail and self-image, and the fusion of simplistic structure and subtle complexity.

Text in Afrikaans / In this study Gestalttechniques within a group work-program as intervention was used to bring awaiting-trail youth in detention in contact with themselves and to broaden their awareness. The goal of the research is to determine if the Gestalt groupworkprogram have a influence on the self-image and general satisfaction of the awaiting-trail adolescent. To reach the above goal the researcher used applied research. Standardised measure-instruments as well as observation was used. Gestaltgroupwork can be implemented with great success in residential institutions like secure care facilities for children. / In hierdie studie is Gestalttegnieke binne 'n groepwerkprogram benut as intervensie, om die verhoorafwagtende jeugdige in aanhouding weer in kontak te bring met homself en om sy bewustheidskontinuum te vergroot. Die doel van die navorsing was om te bepaal of die Gestaltgroepwerkprogram 'n invloed sal he op die selfbeeld en algemene tevredenheid van die verhoorafwagtende adolessent. Om bogenoemde te bereik het die navorser toegepaste navorsing onderneem en het van sowel waarneming as gestandaardiseerde meetinstrumente gebruik gemaak. Die teoretiese onderbou van die behandelingsprogram wat gebruik is spruit uit die Gestaltterapie en kan met groot sukses geimplementeer word in residensiele inrigtings soos bewaarsorgsentrums vir kinders. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)