Global ETD Search

131	Listening/Reading for Disremembered Voices: Additive Archival Representation and the Zong Massacre of 1781 Cartaya, Jorge E 27 March 2017 (has links) This thesis grapples with questions surrounding representation, mourning, and responsibility in relation to two literary representations of the ZONG massacre of 1781. These texts are M. NourbeSe Philip’s ZONG! and Fred D’Aguiar’s FEEDING THE GHOSTS. The only extant archival document—a record of the insurance dispute which ensued as a consequence of the massacre—does not represent the drowned as victims, nor can it represent the magnitude of the atrocity. As such, this thesis posits that the archival gaps or silences from which the captives’ voices are missing become spaces of possibility for additive representation. This thesis also examines the role voice and sound play in these literary texts and the deconstructive-ethical philosophies of Jean-Luc Nancy and Jacques Derrida. This thesis argues that these texts invoke the sonic materiality of voice in the service of responding to the disremembered dead through mourning and acknowledgment. English language and literature Middle Passage Zong massacre Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade M. NourbeSe Philip Fred D'Aguiar Toni Morrison Jean-Luc Nancy slavery archive ethics voice sound studies postcolonial deconstruction deconstructive ethics Caribbean Languages and Societies Comparative Literature Continental Philosophy Cultural History French and Francophone Literature
132	イギリスにおける奴隷貿易と奴隷制の廃止 : 環大西洋世界のなかで / イギリスニオケルドレイボウエキトドレイセイノハイシ : カンタイセイヨウセカイノナカデ布留川正博, Masahiro Furukawa 04 March 2021 (has links) イギリスにおけるアボリショニズム(奴隷貿易・奴隷制廃止運動)は、1780年代に開始された。その中心的組織は、ロンドン奴隷貿易廃止委員会であった。この組織の中核にいたのは、クウェイカー教徒と英国国教会福音主義派である。彼らは、大衆的な議会請願運動を主導し、それをバックに奴隷貿易廃止法成立に取り組んだ。この法律は、1807年に成立した。その後1823年に、反奴隷制協会が結成され、さらに広範な大衆運動が繰り広げられ、1833年に奴隷制は廃止された。しかし、これで奴隷が完全に解放されたわけではなかった。彼らは年季奉公人として、元の奴隷主の下で週45時間働かなければならなかった。年季奉公人制が廃止されたのは1838年である。 / The abolitionists' movement in Britain began in 1780s. The Quakers and the Anglican evangelicals spearheaded the movement whose organization was the London Abolition Committee. They collected several hundred thousand signatures of people against the slave trade. The abolition of the British slave trade was effected on 1807. The anti-slavery associstion was formed in 1823. Ten years later slavery was abolished in the British colonies. But the slaves were not emancipated completely, because they, as an apprentice, were obligated to work 45 hours per week under their former masters.The apprenticeship was abolished in 1838. / 博士(経済学) / Doctor of Economics / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University イギリス西インドシエラ・レオネブラジル奴隷貿易の廃止奴隷制の廃止クウェイカー教徒国教会福音主義派奴隷と労働者 Britain West Indies Sierra Leone Brazil abolition of the slave trade abolition of slavery Quakers Anglican evangericals slaves and labourers
133	King Leopold II's Exploitation of the Congo From 1885 to 1908 and Its Consequences Johnson, Steven 01 August 2014 (has links) This thesis argues that King Leopold II, in his exploitation of the Congo, dealt the Congo a future of political, ethnic, and economic destabilization. At one time consisting of unified and advanced kingdoms, the Congo turned to one completely beleaguered by poverty and political oppression. Leopold acquired the Congo through unethical means and thus took the people's chances away at self-rule. He provided for no education or vocational training, which would stunt future Congolese leaders from making sound economic and political policies. Leopold also exploited the Congo with the help of concession companies, both of which used forced labor to extract valuable resources. Millions of Congolese died and the Congo itself became indebted through Belgian loans that were given with no assurance they could ever truly be paid back due to the crippled economy of the Congo. With the Congo now in crippling debt, the current president, Joseph Kabila, has little incentive to invest in reforms or public infrastructure, which stunts economic growth.1 For over a century the Congo has been ruled by exploitative and authoritarian regimes due to Leopold's initial acquisition. The colonization from Leopold lasted from 1885-1908, and then he sold it to his home country of Belgium who ruled the Congo from 1908 to 1960. Belgium helped prop up a dictator named Joseph Mobutu or Mobutu Sese Seko who ruled from 1965 to 1997. Afterwards he was overthrown by the Kabila family who has continued the exploitative rule and has made no significant efforts at democratization or reforms. Thus the ethnic conflicts, political oppression and economic woes that the Congo is facing today are inevitably linked to its Leopoldian past. History
134	An Oblique Blackness: Reading Racial Formation in the Aesthetics of George Elliott Clarke, Dionne Brand, and Wayde Compton Haynes, Jeremy D. 10 1900 (has links) <p>This thesis examines how the poetics of George Elliott Clarke, Dionne Brand and Wayde Compton articulate unique aesthetic voices that are representative of a range of ethnic communities that collectively make-up blackness in Canada. Despite the different backgrounds, geographies, and ethnicities of these authors, blackness in Canada is regularly viewed as a homogeneous community that is most closely tied to the cultural histories of the American South and the Atlantic slave trade. Black Canadians have historically been excluded from the official narratives of the nation, disassociating blackness from Canadian-ness. Epithets such as “African-Canadian” are indicative of the way race distances citizenship and belonging. Each of these authors expresses an aesthetic through their poetics that is representative of the unique combination of social, political, cultural, and ethnic interactions that can be collectively described as racial formation. While each of these authors orients her or his own ethnic community in relation to the nation in different ways, their focus on collapsing the distance between citizenship and belonging can be read as a base for forming community from which collective resistance to the racial violence of exclusion can be grounded.</p> / Master of English Canada blackness race gender class African-Canadian poetry poetics critical race theory postcolonial theory multiculturalism nationalism belonging aesthetics blues jazz hip hop baptist Africa slave trade abolition community racial formation African American Studies Ethnic Studies Ethnomusicology Modern Literature Other English Language and Literature Reading and Language African American Studies
135	Les victimisations et les conséquences de la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique selon les Afro-descendants Tagodoé, Noutépé 09 1900 (has links) La traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique n’ont jamais été étudiés d’un point de vue criminologique. En fait, à part l’histoire, peu de disciplines des sciences sociales et humaines se sont intéressées aux évènements qui constituent la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. Toutefois, de récentes recherches commencent à se pencher sur les séquelles résultant des multiples victimisations (agressions physiques et psychologiques) subies par les Noirs durant la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. Nous postulons que la criminologie peut également contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de ces évènements. Ainsi, cette étude vise à sonder les perceptions des Afro-descendants sur les victimisations et les conséquences de la traite et de l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. L’analyse des entretiens réalisés démontrent clairement que la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique n’appartiennent pas seulement au passé. Au contraire, la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique restent présents dans les esprits et les cœurs. Ils sont surtout perçus comme une source de victimisations actuelles touchant la communauté africaine et antillaise tels que la faible confiance en soi, la faible estime de soi, la hiérarchie de la couleur, le racisme interne…Aussi, tous les répondants plaident pour au moins une forme de réparation (pécuniaire et monétaire, éthique ou politique, historique, éducative, psychologique, diplomatique) des conséquences de la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. Les entrevues mettent également en évidence une division dans les représentations basées sur la version (fonctionnaliste ou intentionnaliste) de cette histoire, ainsi que des différences de représentations selon le groupe ethnique d’appartenance (Africain ou Antillais). / The transatlantic slave trade has never been studied in a criminology way. In fact, with the exception to history, few disciplines in the social sciences and human studies have made interest to study the surrounding events of the slave trade. However, recent studies have begun to seize the multiple victimizations (physical and psychological attacks) undergone by Blacks during the transatlantic slave trade. We postulate that criminology can also contribute to a better understanding of the transatlantic slave trade, therefore, this study aims to evaluate Afro-descendants perceptions of the transatlantic slave trade victimizations and effects. The qualitative interview data clearly illustrates that the slave trade does not belong to the past. It is quite the contrary, the slave trade is still vivid on the spirits and the hearts. The atlantic slave trade effects hit the Afro-descendants in their daily life by means of low self esteem, low self confidence, skin color hierarchy, internal racism and self hatred. Consequently, all respondents argue for, at least, a form of reparation (monetary, ethical or political, historical, educational, pscychological, diplomatic) for the atlantic slave trade and its consequences. The data, moreover, shows that there is a division in the representations of the atlantic slave trade between those who believe the functionalist approach and those who believe the intentionalist approach, and also differences of representations according to the ethnic group (African or Carraibean). Traite négrière transatlantique Esclavage Criminologie Victimologie Victimisation Traumatisme historique Réparation Justice transitionnelle Représentation sociale Attribution causale Conscience historique Identité culturelle Aliénation culturelle Induction analytique transatlantic slave trade Slavery Criminology Victimology Victimization Post traumatic slave syndrome or trouble Historic trauma Reparation Transitional justice Social representations Attribution Historical consciousness Cultural identity Cultural alienation Analytic induction
136	Les victimisations et les conséquences de la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique selon les Afro-descendants Tagodoé, Noutépé 09 1900 (has links) La traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique n’ont jamais été étudiés d’un point de vue criminologique. En fait, à part l’histoire, peu de disciplines des sciences sociales et humaines se sont intéressées aux évènements qui constituent la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. Toutefois, de récentes recherches commencent à se pencher sur les séquelles résultant des multiples victimisations (agressions physiques et psychologiques) subies par les Noirs durant la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. Nous postulons que la criminologie peut également contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de ces évènements. Ainsi, cette étude vise à sonder les perceptions des Afro-descendants sur les victimisations et les conséquences de la traite et de l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. L’analyse des entretiens réalisés démontrent clairement que la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique n’appartiennent pas seulement au passé. Au contraire, la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique restent présents dans les esprits et les cœurs. Ils sont surtout perçus comme une source de victimisations actuelles touchant la communauté africaine et antillaise tels que la faible confiance en soi, la faible estime de soi, la hiérarchie de la couleur, le racisme interne…Aussi, tous les répondants plaident pour au moins une forme de réparation (pécuniaire et monétaire, éthique ou politique, historique, éducative, psychologique, diplomatique) des conséquences de la traite et l’esclavage négriers transatlantique. Les entrevues mettent également en évidence une division dans les représentations basées sur la version (fonctionnaliste ou intentionnaliste) de cette histoire, ainsi que des différences de représentations selon le groupe ethnique d’appartenance (Africain ou Antillais). / The transatlantic slave trade has never been studied in a criminology way. In fact, with the exception to history, few disciplines in the social sciences and human studies have made interest to study the surrounding events of the slave trade. However, recent studies have begun to seize the multiple victimizations (physical and psychological attacks) undergone by Blacks during the transatlantic slave trade. We postulate that criminology can also contribute to a better understanding of the transatlantic slave trade, therefore, this study aims to evaluate Afro-descendants perceptions of the transatlantic slave trade victimizations and effects. The qualitative interview data clearly illustrates that the slave trade does not belong to the past. It is quite the contrary, the slave trade is still vivid on the spirits and the hearts. The atlantic slave trade effects hit the Afro-descendants in their daily life by means of low self esteem, low self confidence, skin color hierarchy, internal racism and self hatred. Consequently, all respondents argue for, at least, a form of reparation (monetary, ethical or political, historical, educational, pscychological, diplomatic) for the atlantic slave trade and its consequences. The data, moreover, shows that there is a division in the representations of the atlantic slave trade between those who believe the functionalist approach and those who believe the intentionalist approach, and also differences of representations according to the ethnic group (African or Carraibean). Traite négrière transatlantique Esclavage Criminologie Victimologie Victimisation Traumatisme historique Réparation Justice transitionnelle Représentation sociale Attribution causale Conscience historique Identité culturelle Aliénation culturelle Induction analytique transatlantic slave trade Slavery Criminology Victimology Victimization Post traumatic slave syndrome or trouble Historic trauma Reparation Transitional justice Social representations Attribution Historical consciousness Cultural identity Cultural alienation Analytic induction
137	Commander au long cours depuis la Guyenne : les capitaines de navire bordelais au XVIIIe siècle / Commanding from Guyenne : Ship captains in Bordeaux in the 18th century Candelon-Boudet, Frédéric 05 September 2018 (has links) L’activité du port de Bordeaux en plein essor au XVIIIe siècle est bien connue des historiens modernistes. Paradoxalement, les développements consacrés aux professionnels embarqués sur les gréements sont plus rares, alors qu’une telle étude a déjà été réalisée pour la capitale de la Guyenne à la fin du Moyen-âge. Parmi les « gens de mer » demeurés dans l’ombre, les capitaines de navire se démarquent à plus d’un titre. Par la charge symbolique mais aussi juridique que revêt la fonction, en premier lieu, dans le convoi des hommes et des marchandises au-delà des océans. Par le champ de compétences étendu que recouvre la profession, ensuite. Les commandants de bord doivent en effet non seulement être en capacité de piloter un bâtiment au long cours, mais en outre diriger un équipage bigarré, tout en versant dans le commerce au moment jugé le plus opportun. Les capitaines apparaissent ainsi comme des acteurs incontournables des échanges maritimes à l'époque moderne, cernés par un océan d’archives dont l’importance des fonds conservés à Bordeaux, en dépit des ravages du temps, rend parfaitement compte. Par les perspectives de mobilité sociale offertes par le métier, en dernier lieu. Affiliée aux négociants avec lesquels elle partage une même communauté de vues et de pratiques, contrôlant l’information, brouillant les pistes entre les acteurs de l’échange, la figure du « capitaine-géreur » placée à la tête des expéditions maritimes ou paradant parmi les cercles mondains révèle une confusion des genres pouvant induire des changements d’état. Il s’agit de déterminer si le négoce à temps plein constitue un horizon accessible puis pérenne, parmi d’autres opportunités de reconversion à portée du groupe. Alors que le commerce colonial et négrier assure la prospérité de la capitale de la Guyenne, c’est l’identité de la profession via sa capacité à se fondre parmi les élites urbaines qui questionne, de la Régence à la Révolution française. / Modern historians have good knowledge of the 18th century growth of Bordeaux harbour activity. But works about crew members are scarce while paradoxically such a study had already been led for the « Guyenne » capital as early as in the end of the Middle Ages. Ship commanders stand out from all other rather discreet socio-professional categories related to sailors for many reasons : first, because of the symbolical and legal dimension of their occupation which implies their responsibility whenever it comes to the transportation of men and goods ; secondly, because of their huge fields of expertise, like to be able to steer boats over long distance, to handle crews of dozens of members or to carry out commercial transactions ; last, but not least, because of the social mobility offered by their position. Highly documented in a rich archive collection kept and preserved in Bordeaux, captains have turned into key players of the maritime trade of the modern era. By frequently working and diverting themselves with traders and ship owners, they developed a trusting relationship with them. The question is to determine how this cooperation was shaped, and to know if trading or ship armament were possible career changes within the reach of captains, and if not, how they could integrate the urban elites at work under the « Ancien Régime ». When the colonial and slave trade ensured the Bordeaux harbour’s prosperity, it is the identity of the merchant navy ship commanders working from the capital of « Guyenne » that will be here studied, from the Regency to the French Revolution. Histoire urbaine Histoire maritime Guyenne Bordeaux Port Amirauté XVIIIe siècle Colonies Capitaine Commandement maritime Gens de mer Long-cours Pilote hauturier Armement Négoce Commerce Vivres Cargaison Pacotille Correspondance Exclusif Traite négrière Bourgeoisie Élites Sociabilités Ostentation Urban history Economic, social and cultural history Maritime history Admiralty of Guyenne Bordeaux Eighteenth Century Harbour Captain Sailors Merchant ship Steering Colonies Arming ship Supplies Correspondence Exclusive Slave trade Middle-class Elites Sociability
138	The Surprising Role of Legal Traditions in the Rise of Abolitionism in Great Britain’s Development Buchsbaum, Robert Michael, III January 2014 (has links) No description available. History World History Political Science Philosophy Legal Studies Law International Law European History European Studies Economics Black History Black Studies British and Irish Literature American Studies African American Studies African Americans African History African Literature African Studies Abolitionism Great Britain Parliamentary authority Slavery positive laws antislavery legal basis Slave Trade British soil 18th Century Slavery colonial opposition abolition Somerset law Anstey Quakers David Brion Davis Drescher Eric

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