Denna studie har som syfte att få en förståelse för vilka aspekter av stress det finns bland studenter som läser fristående kurs på Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande vid Linköpings Universitet. Studien undersöker hur studenter upplever stress samt vilken omfattning inre och yttre stressorer påverkar studentens studieliv. Studien tillämpar först en kvalitativ metod som sedan följs av en kvantitativ metod. Studien nyttjar två olika förhållningssätt, inledningsvis är studien induktiv och sedan kompletteras studien deduktivt. Studien består av nio kvalitativa intervjuer där fyra informanter representerar enheterna CSN, Studentbostäder, Studenthälsan samt Studievägledning vid Linköpings Universitet och fem informanter är studenter som läser fristående kurs på Linköpings Universitet. Studien består även av en enkätundersökning av 72 informanter som är studenter som läser fristående kurs på Linköpings Universitet. Studiens resultat är uppdelade i en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ del för att sedan analyserats och diskuterats i relation till varandra. I resultatet framgår att det både finns yttre samt inre stressorer som bidrar till att en student som läser fristående kurs upplever stress.

Syftet med arbetet var att först beskriva hur avhoppsprocessen kan gå till enligt Helen Ebaughs (1988) ”role-exit theory” och sedan identifiera och analysera de sociopsykologiska processer som verkar inom ramen för avhoppsprocessen. Det empiriska materialet som analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ insats var tre självbiografier av avhoppare från tre olika nyreligiösa rörelser. Materialet inhämtades genom en djupläsning av de tre självbiografierna som står i fokus i denna studie. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av Ebaughs (1988) teori om rollbyte och tidigare forskning. Resultatet visade att avhoppsprocessen är en komplex process i vilken olika sociopsykologiska processer verkar. Tvivel visade sig vara den första processen som sker under avhoppsprocessen. Andra faktorer, som alternativa sociala roller, kriser i ens liv samt stödet av individens sociala nätverk är sådant som enligt Ebaughs teori kan påverka avhoppet. Ännu en faktor som framkom i analysen av självbiografierna och påverkade individernas beslut att lämna de respektive nyreligiösa rörelserna var avhopparnas kontakt med Internet som de använde sig av för att bland annat få information om de respektive rörelserna från ett annat perspektiv.

ABSTRACT   The aim of this study is to examine which factors people with mental illness describe as contributing to their recovery process. The aim is also to examine the importance of club houses. The study is based on ten qualitative interviews from people with experience of mental illness and the empirical data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The main results highlight four different facilitating factors; social network, equality, meeting other people with mental illness and individual resources and strategies. The social network was described as a prerequisite to the recovery process, but the study also shows that meeting peers with similar experiences played a key role. Being treated as an equal by professionals they came in contact with during their recovery process contributed to their own sense of self and facilitated the feeling of participation. The results also emphasize the importance of one’s own resources and strategies. By realizing what part they had played in their own recovery process it brought on a feeling of pride and achievement. The result from this study aim to provide a deeper understanding of the contributing factors in the recovery process which may have importance for social services to people with mental instabilities.

Uppsatsen syftade till att beskriva upplevelser bland individer som tidigare har medverkat i Rapatac och nuvarande medarbetare på Rapatac gällande vad ett medverkande i ungdomsorganisationen kan innebära för individernas skolsituation, sociala nätverk och hälsa. Fyra individer som har medverkat i Rapatac och två medarbetare intervjuades i en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie. Teorier som användes i studien var den utvecklingsekologiska systemteorin och teorin om KASAM. Resultatet visade att upplevelserna av medverkandet gällande skolsituation, socialt nätverk och hälsa liknar varandra. Generellt upplevde intervjupersonerna att medverkandet i Rapatac har bidragit till positiv förändring. I vilken utsträckning individerna upplevde att medverkandet förändrade deras skolsituation, sociala nätverk och hälsa skilde sig. I relation till den tidigare forskningen inom området uppvisade studiens resultat ett flertal likheter. / The aim of the study was to describe experiences among individuals who previously have participated in Rapatac and current co-workers at Rapatac regarding what a participation in the youth organization can mean for the individuals school situation, social network and health. Four individuals who have participated in Rapatac and two co-workers were interviewed in a qualitative semi-structured interview study. Theories used in the study were the ecological systems theory and the SOC theory. The result indicated that the experiences of the participation regarding school situation, social network and health are similar to each other. In general, the interviewees experienced that the participation in Rapatac has contributed to positive change. The extent to which the individuals experienced that the participation changed their school situation, social network and health differed. In relation to previous research within the field the results of the study showed several similarities.

The aim of this study was to investigate youths and elderly’s experiences of safety guards based on sociodemographic factors, as well as to understand what significance social capital have for the experience of safety guards. The study was formed out via a request from Sölvesborgs commune regarding the new law “Lagen (2023:196) om kommuners ansvar för brottsförebyggande arbete”. Previous research has studied how different types of capable safety guards contribute to reduced crimes, as well as factors in youths and elderly’s concerns about being exposed to crime, but rarely examines the residents’ experiences of the safety guards’ work role. This study has therefore analyzed this in order to fill a knowledge gap and increase the knowhow for the commune’s crime prevention work. In order to study how youths and elderly’s perception and experiences of safety guards look like, 13 participants who had come into contact with safety guards were interviewed and divided into four focus groups, where two of the focus groups consisted of young people and the remaining focus groups consisted of elderly living in Sölvesborg commune. The theoretical framework from which the study was based on, was Putnam and Sampson ́s two perspectives on social capital and its characteristics. The characteristics used in the analysis were shared norms, trust, social networks, socialization and collective ability.   The result from the analysis showed that the residents’ perception and experiences of safety guards differ and depend on the degree of social capital cornerstones rather than sociodemographic factors. The older participants perceived the safety guards as an extended arm of the police and experienced them as protective, which could be due to the fact that the elderly and the security guards formed a social network and trust in each other that contributed to this perception. The results from the focus groups also illustrated that youths created a friendly relationship with the safety guards, which contributed to them having a trusting view of the guards. This is because the youths formed common norms towards the safety guards that developed trust and a social network between them and the guards.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relation upplever omgivningens reaktioner på våldet samt vilken betydelse det sociala nätverket haft för våldets utveckling. Studien baseras på fem semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med kvinnor som har erfarenhet av våld i nära relation. Resultaten, som analyserades med narrativ analysmetod och tolkades utifrån symbolisk interaktionism och uppbrottsprocessmodellen, visar att kvinnorna berättat om våldet för familjemedlemmar, vänner, arbetskamrater samt formella kontakter såsom polis, oftast i anslutning till en allvarlig våldshändelse. I merparten av fallen upplevde kvinnorna att de blivit bemötta med stöttande och hjälpande reaktioner som också bidragit till att kvinnan lyckats bryta upp från den våldsutsatta relationen. Några av kvinnorna upplevde dock bemötande av tystnad eller avståndstagande; i dessa situationer har ett absolut uppbrott inte ägt rum. Sammantaget tycks alltså reaktioner och stöd från den sociala omgivningen ha stor, och ibland avgörande, betydelse för om våldet fortsätter eller ej. / The purpose of this study was to examine if and how victims of domestic violence disclose their experiences to their social network, how the social network responds to the violence and the significance of the network responses relative to the evolvement of the violence. The study is based on five semi-structured interviews with women who have been exposed to different forms of domestic violence. The results, which were analysed using a narrative analysis and interpreted by symbolic interactionism and the theory of the leaving process, shows that women disclose their experiences about domestic violence to both informal and formal contacts. Disclosure often happened in the aftermath of a serious violent incident. In the majority of cases, women experienced supportive reactions that also contributed to the final break up from their relationships. Some of the women, however, experience negative attitudes and rejection, in these situations an absolute break-up was not completed.

SAMMANFATTNING: Problem Från 2013 till och med april 2016 har Sverige tagit emot 309.669 asylsökande. De stora vågorna av asylsökande som har kommit understryker behovet av att ge de optimala förutsättningarna för att anpassa sig och integreras i samhället. Hur snabbt och i vilken grad asylsökande lyckas att socialiseras och integreras i samhället är relaterat till de grundläggande villkoren som t.ex. språkträning och samhällsorientering. Denna studie undersöker vilka möjligheter och hinder asylsökande får för att lära sig svenska och höja sina chanser till integration. Metod I studien användes en mixad metod (kvalitativ och kvantitativ). Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med personal och volontär lärare, har sju verksamheter (ABF, NBV, Biblioteket, Vuxenskola, BILDA, Folkuniversitet och Röda Korset) undersökts. Genom en enkät med strukturerade frågeformulär, undersöktes 183 asylsökande vad gäller olika faktorer som påverkar tillgänglighet till språkundervisning och motivation för studier och språklig praxis. Enkäterna delades ut i: Jönköping, Nässjö, Bodafors, Viebäck, Vetlanda, Sävsjö, Värnamo, Vaggeryd, Tokeryd och Skillingaryd. Resultat Kvalitativa delen: De intervjuade säger att det är viktigt att erbjuda svenskundervisning till asylsökande från första dagen de kommer till Sverige. Lärarna lyfter upp frågan om att det finns flera brister som utgör svårigheter för verksamheterna så att de kan erbjuda kvalitativ och tillräcklig undervisning. Kvantitativa delen: Motivationen till språkinlärning påverkas av flera faktorer: tiden sedan ankomst, motivationen till och deltagande i språkundervisning. Trots likheter i utbildning och språkkunskaper mellan könen ändå uppstår könsskillnader i praktisk tillämpning och integration. Slutsats Asylsökande strävar efter att bli en del av det svenska samhället. Det finns könsskillnader i praktisk tillämpning och integration. Förutsättningarna för att lära sig svenska språket är inte tillräckligt bra, p.g.a. informationsbrist eller försening av informationen om erbjuden svenskundervisning, för få erbjudna undervisningstimmar, placering utanför samhället, ekonomiska hinder och bristen på barnomsorg, som även påverkar möjligheten att lära sig svenska och integrera sig i samhället. / ABSTRACT Problem From 2013 to April 2016, Sweden has received 309,669 asylum seekers. The great waves of asylum seekers who have come underscores the need to provide the optimal conditions to adapt and integrate into society. How fast and to what degree they manage to socialize and integrate into society is related to the basic conditions such as language training and civic orientation. This study examines the opportunities and obstacles for asylum seekers to learn Swedish and increase their chances to integrate. Method The study used a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) approach. Through qualitative interviews with staff and volunteer teachers, has seven such activities as (ABF, NBV, Library, Adult education” Vuxenskola”, BILDA, Folkuniversitet and Red Cross) investigated. Through a questionnaire with structured questionnaires, examined 183 asylum seekers in terms of factors that affect the availability to the teaching and motivation for study and linguistic practices. The questionnaires were distributed in Jönköping, Nässjö, Bodafors, Viebäck, Vetlanda, Sävsjö, Värnamo, Vaggeryd, Tokeryd and Skillingaryd. Result Qualitative part: Those interviewed said that it is important to offer Swedish tuition for asylum seekers from the first day they come to Sweden. Teachers raise the issue that there are several shortcomings that make difficulties for businesses so that they can provide quality and adequate education. Quantitative part: The motivation for language learning is influenced by several factors: among them, the time since arrival the motivation for and participation in language teaching. Despite similarities in education and language skills between the sexes, still significant gender differences in the practical application and integration. Conclusion Asylum seekers strive to become a part of Swedish society. There are gender differences in the practical application and integration. The conditions for learning the Swedish language is not good enough, because lack of information or delay of information for offered Swedish teaching, too few offered teaching hours, location outside of society, economic barriers and the lack of childcare, which also affects the ability to learn Swedish and integrate into society.

Bakgrund: Kärnfamiljen ses generellt som den gyllene normen för familjebildning men verkligheten visar att familjer ledda av en ensamstående förälder, främst då mammor, är en familjeform som stadigt ökar. Samtidigt visar forskningen att ensamma mammor är en utsatt grupp i samhället med mer generella hälsoproblem. Statistiken lyfter fram att det är negativt för kvinnors hälsa att vara ensamstående mamma. En mer sammansatt bild av mammornas upplevelse av sin vardag kan vara en viktig förutsättning för distriktsköterskan vid mötet med dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturgranskning var att identifiera upplevelser av vardagslivets utmaningar som ensamstående mamma. Metod: Litteraturstudie som inkluderade 12 studier med kvalitativ ansats. Analys av data genomfördes utifrån Evans tolkande datasyntes. Resultat: För den ensamstående mamman utgjorde vardagens alla krav en stress. Det som främst stressade var hennes ekonomiska situation och att allt ansvar låg enbart på henne, att det inte fanns någon att dela kraven och intrycken med. Detta gav en känsla av trötthet och utmattning som gav mammorna en känsla av ohälsa både fysiskt och psykiskt. Den främsta faktorn till välbefinnande hos mammorna var i interaktion till andra, sitt sociala nätverk. I de granskade studierna framkom en stolthet över sin förmåga och själva moderskapet lyftes fram som en givande och stärkande roll. Slutsats: Granskningen visade på vikten av ett socialt sammanhang, att ha ett socialt nätverk oavsett storlek. Det gav stora positiva effekter på mammornas välbefinnande. / Background: The ”Cosby-family” is viewed as a standard for family formation, but reality shows that families led by a single parent, especially mothers, are a family form that is steadily increasing in societys. At the same time, the research shows that it is a vulnerable group in society with more general health problems. The statistics emphasize that being a single mother is negative for women's health. A more complex picture of the single mothers' experience of their everyday life can be an important prerequisite for the district nurse in the meeting with these women. Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to identify the experiences of everyday life's challenges as a single mother. Method: A literature study that included 12 studies with a qualitative approach.  The analysis of data was carried out based on Evans interpretive data synthesis. Results: For the single mother, the everyday demands were a stressfactor. What mainly stressed her was her financial situation and that all the responsibility lay solely on her, that there was no one to share the demands and feelings with. This gave a feeling of fatigue and exhaustion that gave the mothers a sense of ill-health both physically and mentally. The main factor of well-being of the selected group was when they interacted with others, their social network. In the examined studies, a sense of pride came out for their accomplishments and the motherhood itself was highlighted as a rewarding and strengthening role. Conclusion: The review showed the importance of a social context, to have a social network regardless of it´s size. It had great positive effects on the mother's wellbeing.

<p> The aim of this study was to examine how young people, who have been treated for their misuse and/or to learn to handle a parent's misuse, portrayed the network's implication in their wishes about improving their lives, to make new choices. The network included members of nuclear family, relatives, important persons at school/work and friends. The “professional network” (therapists and social workers) also became a part in the young people's life during a period. The main issues of this study concerned differences in their experiences of the young persons´ network relationships in before, during and after completed treatment. And also what has been important in the treatment. The most important result of the study shows that despite that all the young people have had experiences of difficult problems and life relations nevertheless came to improve their life conditions. The process of change, for several of the young people, took place during a long period of time, sometimes several years. The most important aspect in this process was the own will to change. The study shows a significant change in the composition of the network. From the time of drug abuse friends of the same age were the most important persons in the network. But the relationships with the family network did improve and was experienced as important after the completion of the drug abuse, also when the youth was over 18 years of age. When the treatment was connected to a network perspective the youths´ social networks came to play a more important role after completed treatment. And thus, when there was no network approach the youth often stood entirely alone, lacking support from both family and “the professional network”. Other important factors in the treatment concerned the relationship between the youth and the professional, where private consultations played an important role. It was likewise important that the professional made it possible for the youth and other members of the family network to start a dialogue about problems in the life situation of the youth. The fact, furthermore, that other related persons outside the core family has been invited to conversations, did also contribute to a positive outcome of the process.</p> / Uppsatsen är också publicerad genom FoU Södertörn, Skriftserie nr 77/09 - Att göra nya val - om nätverkets delaktighet i ungdomars väg ut ur missbruk

<p><strong><p>Purpose:</p><p>mental illness and the effect it has on individuals social network and relationships, and vice versa.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to shed light on the rarely mentioned subject of severe<strong> </strong></p><p>Method:</p><p>analysis was performed on a total of 15 interviews, which consists of three individuals with severe mental illness. The focus of the study was the subjects’ description of the social network, excluding clinicians and other professionals.</p>This study is inspired and conducted in a Grounded Theory manner. A secondary<strong><p>Findings:</p><p>may it be with specific individuals or groups. They describe the importance of surrounding themselves with people who do not judge them and it is through them they get validated.</p><p>Places have been emphasised as having special meaning for the social interaction and overall wellbeing for the subjects.</p>There is active actions for social interactions/relationships taken by the subjects,<strong><p>Conclusion:</p><p>their social network. The stigmatization which comes with severe mental illness diagnoses effect their social network constellation. It is therefore of importance for clinicians and other professionals, to recognize patients efforts and active attempts for social interaction.</p><p>The subjects in the study are aware of the demands and expectations that exist in</p></strong></strong></strong></p>