In this thesis ethnographical interviews with women in Buenos Aires are analyzed with discourse theory in order to examine how discourses of safe/unsafe and urban poor construct places and bodies. A central element of discourse is argued to be the partially fixed inscription of danger in territories and bodies of the urban poor. Neoliberalism´s impact on urban space has meant a transformation of public space and  impacts on constructing reality. This transformation of meaning is connected to the neoliberal transformation of the labor market, once invested with rights and security, now deregulated and precarious. Urban poor are visible in every interviewed woman´s everyday life, but the way of constructing them as subjects varies with level of closeness and identification. The Argentine historic construction of Europeaness, modernity and civilization as opposed to Latin Americaness, backwardness and barbarism can be found in many of the women´s constructions of urban poor. So is the othering of them in relationship to motherhood and citizenship. The constructions of the urban poor are also analyzed with the Foucaultian concept of biopower.

Framed within a discussion of populism, this thesis provides a critical analysis of the campaign and short tenure in office of Ecuadorian President Lucio Gutiérrez Borbúa. It outlines a multi-dimensional approach to populism that is characterized by five components: (1) personalistic leadership, (2) a heterogeneous coalition of support, (3) top-down political mobilization, (4) an ambiguous ideological discourse, and (5) a redistributive and clientelistic economic approach. Applied to the Gutiérrez case, the multi-dimensional approach highlights the viability and volatility of populism.<p> This thesis argues that Gutiérrez ascended to the presidency through the successful application of a populist strategy, which generated significant expectations among the public and his political allies. Yet, once in office, Gutiérrez populist strategy was unable to sustain the support he enjoyed during the campaign. The expectations he generated went unmet as he engaged in clear reversals of the populist imaginary created by his candidacy. His twenty-eight months in office were characterized by neoliberalism, corruption, and status quo political machinations that had sunk his predecessors. Tracking Gutiérrez transition from populist champion to political pariah using the multi-dimensional approach indicates that although populism can be an effective electoral strategy, it can also impose significant limitations on a government. Ultimately, the Gutiérrez case reinforces the important role played by the populist imaginary in determining the success or failure of populist leaders.

This thesis explores prevailing and changing attitudes among Protestant Christians as manifested in the World Missionary Conference of 1910, held in Edinburgh, Scotland. It compares the conference to missionary literature to demonstrate how well it fit the context of the missionary endeavor during the Edwardian era. It examines the issues of race and empire in the thinking of conference participants. It pays particular attention to the position of West Africa and West Africans in conference deliberations. It suggests that the conference, which took place soon after the scramble for empire and just before World War I and the subsequent upsurge of nationalism and anti-colonialism, offers a valuable historical perspective on the uneven nature of globalizing Christianity.

Cette thèse est une étude des groupes subalternes en Amérique Latine qui se concentre principalement sur l’examen de la production littéraire que ces groupes ont inspirée mais aussi sur les tensions sociales, idéologiques et culturelles dérivées de leur présence au sein d’une nation. Ces groupes qu’on va identifier méthodologiquement comme étant des Groupes Subalternes sont apparus dans le panorama littéraire et politique d’une manière peu habituelle, plus par leur négativité en relation au projet moderne d’institutionnalisation positiviste que par les particularités de leur culture. Néanmoins, ils sont devenus, par la suite, le symbole iconographique de l’identité nationale de leurs pays respectifs. Ces groupes qui, par définition, étaient destinés à sombrer dans l’oubli historique sont devenus plus tard les protagonistes des «guiding fictions» de la formation d’une conscience d’unité nationale. Les textes qui seront examinés au cours de cette recherche sont ceux qui montrent de manière paradigmatique la réalité et les modes d’existence de ces populations qui ont été caractérisées par leur négativité par rapport aux normes de la pensée hégémonique moderne dans l’espace socio-culturelle et -politique de l’Amérique latine. Ces textes nous montrent une déviation dans l’évolution historico-discursive de la vision que les artisans idéologiques des États-nation naissants ont voulu imposer sur ces groupes vers la fin du XIX e. Dans cette étude, on analysera deux exemples paradigmatiques : celui de la communauté de Canudos au Brésil, à travers le texte « Os Sertões » d’Euclides Da Cunha, et celui des gauchos de l’Argentine, à travers l’examen du texte « El Martin Fierro » de Jose Hernandez. Dans la première partie de cette thèse on dessine, à grands traits, les repères historiques et socio-politiques des idéologies qui ont abouti au processus de modernisation de l’Amérique latine. On propose, au même temps, quelques concepts critiques vis-à-vis de l’analyse des groupes subalternes. Dans les chapitres suivants, on procède à une lecture attentive des textes mentionnés plus haut, tout en considérant, à la fois, la nécessité de cette analyse, la difficulté des problèmes et la nature de notre propos. On explique aussi la place qu’occupent les groupes subalternes dans la représentation littéraire de leur pays d’origine et l’impact qu’ils ont eu dans la formation de l’imaginaire national. En réfléchissant sur les données engendrées lors de l’analyse, la conclusion de la thèse aborde les conséquences épistémologique et idéologique provoquées par le régime discursif de l’État-nation latino-américain. / This dissertation represents a study of subaltern groups in Latin America focusing mainly on the study of the literary production that these groups inspired but also on the social, ideological and cultural tensions derived from their presence within a nation. These groups, which I identify methodologically as Subaltern Groups, appeared in the literary and political panorama in an uncommon way, originating more from their negativity in relation to the modern project of positivist institutionalization than through the distinct characteristics of their culture. Nevertheless, they went on to become the iconographical symbol of national identity in their respective countries. Although, by definition destined to be forgotten historically, they later became protagonists of the “guiding fictions” forming an awareness of national unity. The texts chosen for review in this research project reveal, paradigmatically, the reality and modalities of existence of these communities, characterised by their negativity in relation to the norms of modern hegemonic thought within the socio-cultural and political space of Latin America. These texts reveal a deviation in the course of the countries’ historical-discursive evolution with regards to the vision that the new Nation-states’ ideological artisans wished to impose on these groups at the end of the 19th century. In this study, two paradigmatic examples are analysed: that of the Canudos community in Brazil presented in Da Cunha’s Os sertões and that of the gauchos in Argentina, as portrayed in José Hernández’. The first part of this thesis gives a general outline of the historical and socio-political references corresponding to the ideologies that lead to the modernisation of Latin America. I also put forward critical concepts the analysis of subaltern groups. In the following chapters, I proceed with a close reading of the above-mentioned texts, while considering, at the same time, the necessity of this analysis, the inherent challenges related to the problems as well as the nature of the subject. In this context, the thesis also characterizes the place that subaltern groups hold in the literary representations of their own countries as well as the impact that have had on the development of their nation’s collective imaginary. By reflecting on the data generated by the analysis, the conclusion of this thesis addresses the epistemological and ideological consequences caused by the discursive regime of the Latin-American Nation-state. / Esta tesis consiste en un estudio de los grupos subalternos en Latinoamérica que se focaliza principalmente en el examen de la producción literaria que esos grupos inspiraron, pero también en las tensiones sociales, ideológicas y culturales derivadas de su presencia en el seno de una nación. Esos grupos que denominamos metodológicamente Grupos Subalternos surgieron en el ámbito político y literario de una manera poco común, más por su negatividad en relación con el proyecto de institucionalización positivista que por las particularidades de su cultura. Sin embargo, luego se convirtieron en el símbolo iconográfico de la identidad nacional de sus respectivos países. Esos grupos que por definición estaban destinados al olvido histórico lograron, no obstante convertirse luego en los protagonistas de las “guiding fictions” para la formación de una consciencia de unidad nacional. Los textos que se examinarán en esta investigación son aquellos que muestran de manera paradigmática la realidad y los modos de existencia de esas poblaciones que se caracterizaron por su negatividad con respecto a las normas del pensamiento hegemónico moderno dentro del espacio socio-político-cultural de Latinoamérica. Esos textos ponen a la vista una desviación en la evolución histórico-discursiva de la visión que los artesanos ideológicos de los Estados nación nacientes desearon imponer a esos grupos hacia finales del siglo XIX. En este estudio, se analizarán dos ejemplos paradigmáticos: el de la comunidad de Canudos en Brasil, a través del texto « Os sertoes » de Euclides Da Cunha y el de los gauchos de Argentina, a través del examen de « El Martin Fierro » de José Hernández. En la primera parte de esta tesis, se hará mención a grandes rasgos de los puntos de referencia históricos y socio-políticos de las ideologías que desembocaron en el proceso de modernización de Latinoamérica. Simultáneamente, se proponen algunos conceptos críticos con respecto al análisis de los grupos subalternos. En los capítulos subsiguientes, se procederá a una lectura atenta de los textos antes mencionados, considerando al mismo tiempo la necesidad de este análisis, la dificultad de los problemas y la naturaleza de nuestro tema. Además se explicará el lugar que ocupan los grupos subalternos en la representación literaria de sus países de origen y el impacto que ejercieron en la construcción del imaginario nacional. Al reflexionar sobre los datos generados durante el estudio, la conclusión de la tesis aborda las consecuencias epistemológicas e ideológicas provocadas por el régimen discursivo del Estado-nación latinoamericano.

Cette recherche sociologique propose une étude compréhensive de l’Université des Montagnes, une initiative de la société civile issue de la crise de l’enseignement supérieur au Cameroun dans les années 1990. L’enquête de terrain réalisée au sein de l’institution a permis de collecter des données quantitatives et qualitatives à partir desquelles nous avons produit une théorie ancrée (Glaser et A. Strauss) mettant en évidence les spécificités de cette institution alternative et unique en son genre au Cameroun. Une observation participante de longue durée a permis une investigation approfondie. La première ligne de rupture qui se dégage de notre analyse est que l’Université des Montagnes est entièrement conçue, pensée et mise en œuvre par un groupe de citoyens déterminé à briser le monopole de l’État sur le développement de l’enseignement supérieur au Cameroun. Pour ce faire, les promoteurs ont dans une démarche réflexive et critique par rapport au modèle existant, élaboré une philosophie éducative et pédagogique innovante qui concilie les sciences fondamentales, appliquées et professionnalisantes, ainsi qu’une pédagogie ancrée dans les cultures africaines. En somme, nos enquêtes révèlent l’émergence d’une université générale, professionnelle et citoyenne. Le projet tente ainsi d’opérer une synthèse méthodique et adaptative des modèles universitaires de référence ayant structuré l’enseignement supérieur dans le monde. Nonobstant les difficultés d’appropriation collective, cette expérience citoyenne apparait, après quinze années d’existence, comme un analyseur et un catalyseur d’innovation sociale, tant son impact est perceptible sur le paysage de l’enseignement supérieur au Cameroun. / This sociological study offers a comprehensive study of the Université des Montagnes, a civil society initiative in response to the crisis in higher education in Cameroon in the 1990’s. A field study undertaken within the institution, using a participatory approach, enabled us to collect quantitative and qualitative data which was used to produce a grounded theory (Glaser and A. Strauss) approach that highlights the specific features of this alternative institution which is unique in Cameroon. The first break shown by our analysis is that the Université des Montagnes was entirely conceived, imagined, and established by a group of citizens determined to relieve the State of its monopoly on the development of higher education in Cameroon. To accomplish this, the founders, through a method that was reflective and critical in relation to the existing model, developed an innovative philosophy of education and pedagogy that reconciles the applied and professional sciences, and pedagogy founded on African culture. In short, our study shows the emergence of a general, professional, and people’s university. The project seeks to furnish a systematic and adaptive synthesis of reference university models that have structured higher education across the world. Notwithstanding the difficulties involved in collective adoption of the project, after fifteen years of existence, this people’s experiment appears to have been an analyser and catalyst for social innovation, considering its impact in the area of higher education in Cameroon.

The central goal of this thesis is to direct attention to the underappreciated role that radical media has played in communicating social movement messages, which challenge dominant discourses and politicize youth culture, by helping advance master protest frames, reframe collective identities and promote movement-specific collective action frames. To demonstrate the relationship between radical media and movements, this thesis identifies a gap in social movement research regarding how movements communicate reframed meaning to participants. Furthermore, to address this lacuna, it proceeds to assess the movement-oriented content and discursive master, collective identity and collective action frames found in Vancouver’s ‘underground’ newspaper, the Georgia Straight, between 1967 and 1969. The research into these frames supports the argument that Georgia Straight in this period did act as a form of radical media, reflecting and reinforcing the broader social movement of youth radicalism in existence at the time. / Graduate / 0615 / 0391 / 0352 / willett.cody@gmail.com

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur deux œuvres que l’écrivain uruguayen Eduardo Galeano a rédigé dans le but de « dévoiler le passé de l’Amérique latine tel quel il s’est produit » pour ainsi donner représentativité et visibilité aux expériences historiques des Latino-Américains. Tout d’abord, Días y noches de amor y de guerra (1978), œuvre où l’auteur remémore les dictatures militaires du Cône Sud des années 70, ainsi que les expériences déterminantes qu’il a vécues tout au long de sa vie, y compris la mémoire de ces sujets avec lesquels il a interagi. Ensuite, la trilogie Memoria del fuego (1982, 1984 y 1986) où il reconstruit cinq siècles d’histoire à partir des expériences qu’il considère comme subalternes. Dans cette étude, nous verrons comment l’auteur aborde les événements historiques qu’il raconte par une analyse détaillée des sujets mise en évidence et des ressources narratives employées ainsi que par l’observation de l'utilisation qu'il fait de sa mémoire et des archives consultées. Nous pensons que ses expériences de vie et le contexte régional de troubles sociaux et de dictatures ont influencé l'articulation narrative de ces textes, rendant ces versions du passé non seulement historiques, sinon à la fois littéraires, politiques, et surtout personnelles. / This master's thesis is about two works that the Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano wrote with the aim of “revealing the past of Latin America as it happened” and, in this way, giving representativeness and visibility to the historical experiences of the Latin American collective. The first work, Días y noches de amor y de guerra (1978) remembers the military dictatorships of the Southern Cone of the 70s, as well as those significant experiences that he had throughout his life, including the memory of those subjects whom he interacted with. The second is, the trilogy Memoria del fuego (1982, 1984 and 1986) in which he recreates five centuries of history from experiences considered by the author as subaltern. In this study we try, through a detailed analysis of the subjects highlighted by Galeano, as well as the narrative resources used, to see how the writer approaches the historical events that he narrates, paying special attention to the use he makes of his memory as well as the archival sources consulted. We believe that his life experiences and the regional context of social unrest and dictatorships have influenced the narrative articulation of these texts, going beyond their historical character, becoming at the same time literary, political, and, above all, personal documents. / Este trabajo de maestría trata sobre dos obras que el escritor uruguayo Eduardo Galeano redactó con el objetivo de “revelar el pasado de América Latina tal como ocurrió” y darle, de esta manera, representatividad y visibilidad a las experiencias históricas los latinoamericanos. La primera, Días y noches de amor y de guerra (1978) en donde rememora las dictaduras militares del Cono Sur de los años 70, así como aquellas experiencias significativas que tuvo a lo largo de su vida, incluyendo también la memoria de esos sujetos que alguna vez interactuaron con él. La segunda, la trilogía Memoria del fuego (1982, 1984 y 1986) en la que recrea cinco siglos de historia a partir de experiencias que el mismo autor considera subalternas. En este estudio intentamos, mediante un análisis detallado de los sujetos destacados por Galeano, así como de los recursos narrativos empleados, ver de qué manera el escritor aborda los hechos históricos que narra, prestando especial atención al uso que hace de su memoria, así como de las fuentes archivísticas consultadas. Creemos que sus experiencias vitales y el contexto regional de agitación social y dictaduras han influido en la articulación narrativa de estos textos, haciendo que sobrepasen el carácter histórico y se vuelven a su vez literarios, políticos, pero, sobre todo, personales.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker de identifikationer som erbjuds av tidskriften Hemslöjden (från 2011 Hemslöjd). Som källmaterial används alla ledartexter samt, som komplettering, framsidor under dess utgivning under åren 1933–2020. Undersökningen sker mot ett bakgrundsantagande om att hemslöjdsrörelsen har och har haft en stor påverkan på vad som ses som slöjd och vem som ses som slöjdare, vilket i sin tur kan påverka identifikationer mellan elever och slöjd i grundskolan. Resultatet visar att tidskriftens första tre decennier är betydligt mindre präglade av nationalism än vad man kan förvänta sig utifrån tidigare forskning, men att anknytning tilll andskap är viktig under hela utgivningen. Först från 1960-talet och kommande tre årtionden syns en tydlig retorik om nationell identitet och kulturarv. Detta kan framförallt kopplas till en argumentation om att hemslöjdsrörelsen då går dåligt ekonomiskt och behöver stöd från samhället. En intern identitetskonflikt som källmaterialet verkar kämpa med handlar om att hemslöjdsrörelsen vill vara folklig men inte upplever sig lyckas med det. Från och med 1990-talet flyttas myndigheten Nämnden för Hemslöjdsfrågor från industridepartementet till kulturdepartementet och samtidigt får hemslöjdsrörelsen en ny roll som kulturinstitution, från att tidigare i första hand ha varit en sysselsättningspolitisk verksamhet. Under denna sista tredjedel av utgivningsperioden skiftar också fokus från slöjden till slöjdaren. När det inte längre främst handlar om att marknadsföra produkterna, får slöjden som livsstilsaktivitet en mer framskjuten plats. Undersökningen visar vidare att tidskriften kommunicerar en romantisering av naturen som allra tydligast tar sig uttryck i utsagor om naturmaterial, men som efter millennieskiftet paras ihop med en retorik om miljö och hållbarhet som under denna period blir en dominant del av diskursen. Sammantaget visar undersökningen att det finns en förändring över tid med två tydliga milstolpar, en i början av 1960-talet och en under 1990-talet. De tre perioder som utgivningen därmed kan delas in i gestaltas på sidorna 81-82 i uppsatsen i form av tre olika personas baserade på varje periods mest typiska identifikationer. / <p>Godkänt datum 2021-08-29</p>

No description available.

Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka samer och samisk religion i relation till undervisningsämnet religionskunskap. Studien har undersökt läroplanernas utveckling, både från grundskolan och gymnasieskolan med fokus på samisk religion. Läromedel inom religionsämnet har dessutom granskats i relation till läroplanernas förändringar samt för varje undervisningsstadium. En enkätstudie har slutligen genomförts vilken ligger till grund för lärares framställning av samisk religion i undervisningsämnet utifrån Lgr 11 och Gy 11. Metoden som tillämpats i studien har varit en komparativ metod samt kvalitativ metod med kvantitativa inslag. Resultatet visar att samisk religion fått större plats i läroplanerna i relation till samhällsförändringar. Läroplanerna utgör den grund som läromedel utgår från, med andra ord struktureras läromedel utifrån läroplanernas innehåll liksom fokusområde.  I samband med Lgr 11 och Gy 11 har samer med tillhörande religion fått större utrymme i läromedel. Trots detta visar studien att förhållandevis få läromedel behandlar samer och samisk religion i relation till andelen läromedel som granskats i examensarbetet. Resultatet visar att drygt hälften av lärarna som medverkat i studien undervisar om samer, detta trots att majoriteten av lärarna menar att tiden inte räcker till. Flertalet lärare anser det viktigt att belysa samer och samisk religion i undervisningen, lärarna önskar därför att lärarutbildningar i större utsträckning lyfter Sveriges nationella minoriteter. Majoriteten av lärarna menar däremot att de har tillräckliga kunskaper för att samer ska behandlas rättvist i undervisningen. Resultatet har skildrats i relation till ett diskursteoretiskt ramverk för att synliggöra maktstrukturerna gällande majoritetssamhälle och minoritetssamhälle. / The purpose with this advanced professional degree was to research Sami populations with associated religion in relation to religious education. In addition, the study has researched the development of the national school curriculum from primary school and secondary school with focus on Sami religion. Development and changes in teaching materials in accordance with the development of the school curriculum and its various phases has also been examined. To conclude, a survey has laid the foundation for a study of teachers' own portrayal of Sami religion in RE for Lgr 11 and Gy 11 students. A Qualitative Comparative analysis methodology has been practiced in the study with some quantitative uses. The results of the study show the Sami religion has received a larger place in the national school curriculum in relation to societal changes. The school curriculum sets the foundation the school materials are based on, in other words the materials are structured on the basis of the curriculum and its focus area. In relation to Lgr 11 and Gy 11, Sami with associated religion has seen a significant place in teaching materials. Despite this, there are comparatively few teaching materials that cover Sami population with Sami religion in relation to the amount of researched materials. Results show about half of the teachers participating in the study include Sami population and history in their teachings, despite the majority of teachers stating that time spent is not enough. Many teachers state Sami studies are important in education and wish that teachers' education include Sami more frequently. However, the majority of teachers report that they have sufficient competence for Sami to be covered in their teachings. The result has been described in relation to discourse theoretical framework to cast light on the hierarchical structures concerning majority and minority society.