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Showing 141 to 150 of 161 (0.064 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"subordinate.""
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Stochastické modely ve finanční matematice / Stochastic Models in Financial MathematicsWaczulík, Oliver January 2016 (has links)
Title: Stochastic Models in Financial Mathematics Author: Bc. Oliver Waczulík Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jan Hurt, CSc., Department of Probability and Mathe- matical Statistics Abstract: This thesis looks into the problems of ordinary stochastic models used in financial mathematics, which are often influenced by unrealistic assumptions of Brownian motion. The thesis deals with and suggests more sophisticated alternatives to Brownian motion models. By applying the fractional Brownian motion we derive a modification of the Black-Scholes pricing formula for a mixed fractional Bro- wnian motion. We use Lévy processes to introduce subordinated stable process of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type serving for modeling interest rates. We present the calibration procedures for these models along with a simulation study for estima- tion of Hurst parameter. To illustrate the practical use of the models introduced in the paper we have used real financial data and custom procedures program- med in the system Wolfram Mathematica. We have achieved almost 90% decline in the value of Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics by the application of subordinated stable process of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type for the historical values of the monthly PRIBOR (Prague Interbank Offered Rate) rates in...
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[en] SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF BOLIVIANS IMMIGRANTS IN SÃO PAULO: A CARTOGRAPHIC AND CRITIC ANALYSES OF THE RECENT TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION / [es] MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES DE INMIGRANTES BOLIVIANAS/OS EN SAN PABLO: UN ANÁLISIS CARTOGRÁFICO Y CRÍTICO SOBRE LAS TRANSFORMACIONES RECIENTES EN EL CAMPO DE LAS MIGRACIONES INTERNACIONALES / [pt] MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS DE IMIGRANTES BOLIVIANAS/OS EM SÃO PAULO: UMA ANÁLISE CARTOGRÁFICA E CRÍTICA SOBRE AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES RECENTES NO CAMPO DAS MIGRAÇÕES INTERNACIONAISVANESSA GOMES ZANELLA 12 April 2019 (has links)
[pt] Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar e compreender os significados, os modos de organização e as particularidades dos movimentos sociais de imigrantes bolivianas/os na cidade de São Paulo, a partir da década de 1980. Busca também, por consequência, examinar as transformações sociais provenientes da presença e ação coletiva destes movimentos, que modificam, direta ou indiretamente, relações na sociedade receptora, na comunidade migrante e nas políticas estatais. Para tanto, fez-se necessário compreender, preliminarmente, a realidade complexa na qual se inserem os/as sujeitos/as da ação social, bem como a que permeia sua origem. Assim, uma série de dinâmicas, macro e microestruturais, foram examinadas, por meio das contribuições da teoria crítica e da cartografia social como técnica metodológica. Ao final do trabalho, foi possível identificar lugares que estas/es migrantes ocupam tanto no atual ordenamento mundial – marcado por diferenciações dicotômicas como norte/sul, centro/periferia, desenvolvido/subdesenvolvido – quanto no próprio espaço urbano e sócio-político da cidade de São Paulo – superfície/subterrâneo, público/privado, nacional/estrangeira/o. Entende-se, portanto, que a definição de tais espaços passa, obrigatoriamente, pela produção geográfica de desigualdades advinda do processo de desenvolvimento do capitalismo neoliberal na América Latina, agravada pelo arranjo excludente do espaço urbano nas megacidades e pela composição do complexo estrangeira/o – pobre – indígena – latino-americana/o – indocumentada/o – mulher, os quais configuram tais movimentos sociais como marginais e subalternos na busca pela alteração, ainda que parcial, deste quadro. / [en] This thesis aims to analyze and understand the meanings, the modes of organization and the particularities of the social movements of Bolivians immigrants in São Paulo, from the 1980s. Also aims, in consequence, to examine the social transformations derived from the presence and social action of these movements that directly or indirectly modify relationships in the receiving society, in the migrant community and of the state policies. Therefore, it is necessary to preliminarily understand the complex reality in which the subject of the social action is originated and inserted. Thus, a set of dynamics, on macro and microstructure level were examined by means of the contributions of critical theory and the social cartography as methodological technique. Thereby it was possible to identify the places that these migrants occupy in the current world order – marked by dichotomous classifications as north/south, center/periphery, developed/underdeveloped – as in the urban and socio-political space of São Paulo – surface/underground, public/private, national/foreign. It is understood, therefore, that the definition of such spaces pass, necessarily, by the production of geographical inequalities arising from the development process of neoliberal capitalism in Latin America, aggravated by the exclusionary arrangement of urban space in the megacities and by the composition of the complex foreign – poor –
indigenous – Latin-American – undocumented – woman, which constitute their social movements as marginal and subaltern in the quest for change, even partial, of this frame. / [es] Esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar y comprender los significados, los modos de organización y las características de los movimientos sociales de inmigrantes bolivianas/os en la ciudad de San Pablo, a partir de la década de 1980. Busca también, examinar las transformaciones sociales originarias de la presencia y de la acción colectiva de estos movimientos las cuales modifican, directa o
indirectamente, relaciones en la sociedad receptora, en la comunidad migrante y en las políticas del estado. Para tanto, es necesario entender, de manera preliminar, la compleja realidad en la que están insertados los/as sujetos/as de la acción social así como la de su origen. Así, se examinaron una serie de dinámicas, macro y micro estructurales, a través de las aportaciones de la teoría crítica y de la
cartografía social como técnica metodológica. Al final del trabajo, fue posible identificar lugares que estas/os migrantes ocupan tanto en el actual orden mundial – marcado por diferenciaciones dicotómicas como norte/sur, centro/periferia, desarrollado/subdesarrollado – como en el propio espacio urbano y sociopolítico de la ciudad de San Pablo – superficie/subterráneo, público/privado, nacional/extranjera/o. Se entiende, por tanto, que la definición de estos espacios pasa obligatoriamente por la producción geográfica de desigualdades provocada por el proceso de desarrollo del capitalismo neoliberal en América Latina, agravada por la disposición exclusiva del espacio urbano en las grandes ciudades y por el complejo del extranjera/o – pobre – indígena – latinoamericana/o – indocumentada/ao – mujer, que configuran los movimientos sociales como marginales y subordinados en la búsqueda por cambios, mismo que parciales, de este cuadro.
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Invandrarkvinnor i Handels : Föreställningar om arbetskraftsinvandrade kvinnor i Handelsnytt 1961-1976 / Immigrant Woman in Handels : Conceptions of Labour Immigrated Women in Handelsnytt 1961-1976Persson, Caroline January 2012 (has links)
Invandrade kvinnor i Handels. Föreställningar om arbetskraftsinvandrade kvinnor i Handelsnytt 1961-1976. (Immigrant women in Handels. Conceptions of labour immigrated women in Handelsnytt 1961-1976). The primary purpose of this thesis is to analyze the written conceptions of labour immigrated women in Handelsnytt, a Swedish Trade Union magazine. The analyses of the conceptions are based on theoretical categories of class, gender and ethnicity. The purpose is to examine how labour immigrated women, as members of the Union, Handelsanställdas förbund, were perceived and how the conceptions of them were expressed through these categories. The time period of the study is based on Yvonne Hirdman´s gender contract- The Equality contract, it was a time period when labour immigration peaked and later on attenuated. And also a time when women in Sweden begun to work outside of home in a wider extent than before. The study also means to explore power relations and subordination of the given categories and how these integrate and enhance each other. The results demonstrate a significance absence of articles, features and overall coverage of immigrated women in Handelsnytt. The small amounts of articles about or for immigrated workers tend to leave the immigrated woman unseen. The immigrant workers are rarely individually described; they are mostly defined as a sexless group or as a man. If the lack of recognition may be explained by limited membership of female immigrated workers could be one answer, but not entirely satisfying. Even though the trade industry was dependable on its workers language knowledge, which is a large part of the rhetoric inflicting the immigrant articles, it may not mean there were no female immigrant workers in this industry. However the results cannot with certainty claim it to be either way, not the lack of female members or as a proof of the domination of male rhetoric within the trade union-Handels.
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Hermeneutical principles in Contra Arianos of Athanasius of Alexandra.Jones, Marvin D. 30 August 2004 (has links)
To accomplish the purpose of this thesis an examination of the hermeneutical method expounded by Athanasius will be made. There are three books that comprise Contra Arianos so the progression of this thesis will follow the progression of the stated Athanasian work. This thesis will also review the relevant passages that Athanasius utilizes to present his case for the Eternal Sonship of Jesus Christ. This review will adequately demonstrate the Athanasian Trinitarian concept of eternal, functional subordination of the Son to the Father. The thesis will also review the word ”homoousios” in order to support the conclusions of Contra Arianos. The word ”homoousios” was the term that became the official recognized position of orthodox Christology at the Council of Nicea. The need for such a review arises from the academic concern that the word ”homoousios” may exclude the idea of functional subordination. A review of this word (along with its history) seems appropriate. However, the conclusion (and defense of that conclusion) that will be presented is that homoousios is not mutually incompatible with the idea of ”functional subordination” in a temporal or eternal relationship. This term and concept will
adequately demonstrate that an eternal, functional subordination relationship exists between the Father and Son from the Athanasian point of view. Historical and background studies, which will help interpret and clarify cultural meanings, will also be employed to enhance the study of this thesis. Finally, certain conclusions will be presented showing the results of the study. The conclusions will attempt to answer questions that have undoubtedly arisen in the mind of the informed reader of ancient theology and may help identify and even address contemporary issues concerning the Christological and Trinitarian doctrines. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Studies)
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Employer prerogative from a labour law perspectiveStrydom, E. M. L. 03 1900 (has links)
In the sphere of labour and employment, "prerogative" is usually taken to refer to the "right to manage" an organisation. The right can be divided into those decisions which relate to the utilisation of the human resources of the organisation and decisions of an
"economic" or "business" nature. This thesis focuses on the first category of decisionmaking.
It is generally accepted by employers and trade unions that employers have the right to
manage employees. The legal basis for this right is to be found in the contract of employment which has as one of its elements the subordination of the employee to the authority
of the employer. This element affords the employer the legal right to give instructions and creates the legal duty for the employee to obey these instructions.
Employers' right to manage is, however, neither fixed nor static. The main purpose of
this thesis is to determine the extent of employers' right to manage employees. This is done by examining the restrictions imposed by the law {ie common law and legislation) and collective bargaining. The examination is accordingly focussed on what is Jett of
employer prerogative.
A number of conclusions are drawn from the examination. One of the most important conclusions reached is that, although most of an employer's common law decisionmaking
powers have been statutorily regulated, none have been rescinded. The employer has accordingly retained its decision-making power, albeit in a more restricted or limited form. This makes further restriction of its decision-making power through contractual
or statutory provisions or collective bargaining possible. It, however, also makes the lessening or even the total removal of these restrictions through future statutory provisions or collective bargaining possible. / Law / LL.D.
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La participation a l'infraction internationale. / The participation in the international crimeDuffourc, Marie 12 December 2013 (has links)
Qu’elle soit extranationale, transnationale ou internationale par nature, l’infraction internationale est toujours construite de la même manière : elle naît de la réunion d’un élément matériel et d’un élément moral, incluant parfois un élément contextuel. Cette constance structurelle dominant la diversité définitionnelle milite en faveur d’une unification des formes de la participation associées à ces infractions internationales : la spécificité de la participation à l’infraction internationale résiderait donc dans la spécificité, non des formes de la première, mais de la définition de la seconde. D’ailleurs, il n’existe que deux grands systèmes de participation applicables à l’infraction internationale : celui des juridictions pénales nationales et celui des juridictions pénales internationales. De leur comparaison, pourrait naître un système unique de participation à l’infraction internationale, permettant de mieux appréhender la criminalité collective en attribuant aux participants intellectuels une place plus juste au sein de la participation. En effet, après quelques adaptations nécessaires, il pourrait être fait appel au critère mixte du contrôle sur l’infraction internationale, développé récemment par la Cour pénale internationale, pour distinguer les formes principales des formes secondaires de la participation à l’infraction internationale. Ainsi, seraient des participants principaux les agents qui, avec l’état d’esprit idoine, prennent le contrôle de l’infraction internationale (coauteurs et auteurs intellectuels), tandis que seraient des participants secondaires les agents qui ne prennent pas un tel contrôle (complices par aide ou assistance et subordonnants). / Can it be extranational, transnational or international by nature, the international crime is always the same : it needs the reunion of a material element and a moral element, sometimes including a contextual element. This structural constancy, which dominates the definitional diversity, inclines us to campaign for the unification of the participation forms associated to the whole international crimes. In other words, the specifity of the participation in the international crime would be less due to the specifity of the first one’s forms than to the specifity of the second one’s definition. Now, there are only two grand systems of participation in the international crime : the one applied by the national criminal jurisdictions and the one applied by the international criminal jurisdictions. From the comparison of these two systems, it is possible to imagine a unique system of participation in the international crime, permitting a better understanding of the collective criminality by attributing a righter role to the intellectual participants within the participation. More precisely, and after a few necessary adaptations, control over the international crime, which is a mixed criterion recently developed by the International Criminal Court, could be used to distinguish the main forms from the secondary forms of participation in the international crime. Thus, main participants might be those who, with the suitable state of mind, take control over the international crime (co-perpetrators and intellectual perpetrators) while secondary participants might be those who don’t take such a control (accomplices by aid and assistance and “subordinators”).
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La coaction en droit pénal / Co-perpetration in criminal lawBaron, Elisa 07 December 2012 (has links)
Le coauteur est traditionnellement défini en droit pénal comme l’individu qui, agissant avec un autre, réunit sur sa tête l’ensemble des éléments constitutifs de l’infraction. Pourtant, il est permis de douter de la pertinence de cette affirmation tant la jurisprudence comme la doctrine en dévoient le sens.En réalité, loin d’être cantonnée à une simple juxtaposition d’actions, la coaction doit être appréhendée comme un mode à part entière de participation à l’infraction. En effet, elle apparaît comme un titre d’imputation à mi-chemin entre l’action et la complicité, auxquelles elle emprunte certains caractères. Autrement dit, elle se révèle être un mode de participation à sa propre infraction. Surtout, son particularisme est assuré par l’interdépendance unissant les coauteurs : parce que chacun s’associe à son alter ego, tous sont placés sur un pied d’égalité. Ces différents éléments, qui se retrouvent dans sa notion et dans son régime, permettent ainsi d’affirmer la spécificité de la coaction tout en renforçant la cohérence entre les différents modes de participation criminelle. / In criminal law, the co-perpetrator is classically presented as an individual who, acting jointly with another, gathers all the constitutive elements of the offence. However, one may harbor doubts concerning the relevance of this assertion since both case law and legal scholars denature its meaning.Actually, far from being limited to a mere juxtaposition of perpetrations, co-perpetration must be understood as a full mode of participation in the offence. Indeed, it appears as a form of imputation halfway between perpetration and complicity, from which it borrows some characteristics. In other words, it proves to be a mode of participation in one’s own offence. Above all, its particularism is provided by the interdependence between the co-perpetrators : because each of them joins forces with his alter ego, all are placed on an equal footing. These elements, which are found both in it’s concept and in it’s regime, demonstrate thereby the specificity of co-perpetration while strengthening the coherence of the different modes of criminal participation.
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Les relations de travail dans l'entreprise transnationale / Labour relations within transnational companiesLafargue, Marie 09 December 2015 (has links)
L’entreprise transnationale s’impose comme un pouvoir économique puissantdans le contexte de mondialisation. Dénuée de personnalité morale, elle n’est appréhendéeque partiellement par les droits internes. En dehors du droit supranational qui présente descarences et n’assure qu’une régulation partielle, les relations de travail dans l’entrepriseglobalisée restent largement appréhendées par les droits nationaux et les paradigmes dudroit du travail n’ont guère évolué pour s’ajuster à leur singularité. La nature du droit quisaisit ces rapports n’est donc pas commensurable à leur réalité transnationale.L’insuffisance du cadre d’analyse actuel oblige alors à dépasser le doublecloisonnement des systèmes juridiques et des personnes morales afin de développer dessolutions globales. Une analyse tant positiviste que prospective du droit révèle l’existenced’un processus d’adaptation en cours, celui-ci devant toutefois être renforcé et étendu.Il s’agit donc de mettre en place un principe d’ajustement du droit à ces relations de travail,lequel révèle l’identité du transnational : la transnationalité est une expression du pluralisme.L’adaptation du droit suppose, d’une part, que l’entreprise soit recomposée en tantqu’organisation et qu’elle soit mise en synergie avec les autres acteurs de la gouvernancemondiale. Le mouvement d’adéquation implique, d’autre part, qu’un droit global, « postmoderne» et pluraliste, reposant sur un socle de droits fondamentaux, voit le jour. Ainsi,c’est au prix de ces évolutions que l’on parviendra à une régulation adaptée des relations detravail dans l’entreprise transnationale ainsi qu’à l’émergence d’un droit social de lamondialisation. / Transnational companies now stand as leading economic powers in aglobalisation context. Stripped of any legal personality, they are only partly bound by thenational laws. Aside from supranational law, which is incomplete provides only partialregulation, labour relations within globalised companies remain largely bound by nationallaws while the paradigms of labour law have barely evolved in order to adjust to theirsingularity. The nature of the law that governs those professional relations is therefore notcommensurate to their transnational reality.The deficiencies of the current framework for analysis thus compel researchers to gobeyond the twofold boundaries of legal systems and legal entities in order to develop suitableglobal solutions. A positivist, forward-looking analysis of the law reveals the existence of anadaptation process that is already underway but which must also be extended andstrengthened.It is therefore a matter of establishing a legal adjustment principle within those labourrelations, which reveals the identity of the transnational: transnationality is an expression ofpluralism. Legal adaptation assumes, on the one hand, that companies be reconstructed asorganisations and that a synergy be established with other players in the field of globalgovernance. The alignment trend implies, on the other hand, the birth of a "post-modern",pluralist global law, resting on a foundation of fundamental rights. It is thus at the cost of suchdevelopments that an adapted regulation of labour relations will be achieved withintransnational companies, together with the emergence of a globalised social law.
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Reflections on the legal and psychological constructions of women's resistance to sexual harassmentPillay-Ramaya, Meeroshni 11 1900 (has links)
Despite the extensive research conducted on sexual harassment, very little work has
focused on the legal and psychological constructions of women's resistance to
sexual harassment. In exploring the legal and psychological constructions of
women's resistance to sexual harassment, we are confronted with salient issues
pertaining to the determination of the welcomeness requirement which call for a
reflection.
A key characteristic of sexual harassment is that it is unwanted by the recipient. It is
for each person to decide what behaviour is acceptable to them and what they regard
as offensive. Thus, although there is general agreement about what can constitute
sexual harassment, the experience of sexual harassment is subjective in nature and
the precise quantification of workplace sexual harassment is problematic.
The present study aims to: (a) identify the reasoning/history behind the
"unwelcomeness/unwanted" requirement, (b) assess the reasonableness of· the
requirement of "unwelcomeness/unwanted" conduct, taking into account the various
pieces of legislation and case law, (c) determine how the courts have interpreted this
requirement and what factors are looked at, (d) determine whether the test is
subjective or objective, (e) identify the struggle and debilitating effects sexual
harassment has on women in the workplace.
The results of this study will assist in gaining knowledge and understanding of the
concept of "unwelcomeness/unwanted" conduct in sexual harassment cases and the
effects it has on the victim which will go a long way in assisting management in any
business to effectively implement strategies and disciplines to manage the problem
of sexual harassment in the workplace. / Private Law / LLM (Labour Law)
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A indústria de reciclagem e a questão ambiental / The recycling industry and environmental issuesLino, Helio Francisco Corrêa 02 August 2011 (has links)
Esta tese pesquisou a questão da reciclagem no Brasil, destacando quatro dos mais significativos resíduos sólidos recicláveis: as latas de alumínio, o papel, as garrafas polipolietileno-tereftalato (PET) e o vidro. Busca oferecer maiores subsídios sobre um tema que só recentemente tem sido melhor estudado, dada a sua ligação com o meio ambiente e a polêmica sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável. / This thesis researched about recycling in Brazil highlighting four of the most significatives recyclily solid residues, e.g. tin (aluminium) cans, paper, bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the glass. Due to its liaison with the environment and the controversies about the sustainable development, this thesis offer great subsidies about a theme that only recently has been deeply studied.
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