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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Certain about uncertainty / What students need to know about measurement uncertainties to compare data sets.

Kok, Karel Willem 07 July 2022 (has links)
Messunsicherheiten sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil eines Messergebnisses. Das Thema wird jedoch oft vernachlässigt in der Sekundarstufe, und die Schüler*innen haben viel Schwierigkeiten mit Varianz in Datensätzen. Diese Arbeit berichtet über die Gestaltung und Evaluierung einer digitalen Lernumgebung (DLE). Die konzeptbasierte DLE nutzt ein etabliertes Sachstrukturmodell für die Sekundarstufe und besteht aus drei Teilen: Einführung in und Grundlagen von Messunsicherheiten, Berechnung und Bedeutung des Mittelwerts und der Unsicherheit sowie dem Vergleich von Messergebnissen. Die Wirkung wurde in einem Prä-Post-Design getestet. Der Prä- und Posttest umfasste zwei Prüfungsaufgaben: einen Kompetenztest und ein Datenvergleichsproblem, bei dem eine mit Begründung versehene Entscheidung getroffen werden musste. Die Teilnehmenden wurden nach dem Zufallsprinzip einer der drei Gruppen A, B oder C zugeteilt und bekamen einen, zwei oder alle drei Teile der DLE gezeigt. Insgesamt nahmen 154 Schüler*innen der Klassenstufen 8 bis 11 freiwillig und selbstständig teil. Diese Studie hat gezeigt, dass mit zunehmendem konzeptionellen Wissen die Fähigkeit der Schüler*innen, Datensätze zu vergleichen, deutlich zunimmt. Der konzeptbasierte DLE kan selbstständig von Schüler*innen in 60 Min. bearbeitet werden. Das Kodiermanual ermöglicht eine schnelle Analyse der Begründungen der Schüler*innen im Rahmen von Datenvergleichsproblemen. Dieses Manual kann leicht in der Schule eingesetzt werden. Diese Codes zeigen in einem feinkörnigen Detail die Qualität und Entwicklung der Fähigkeit der Schüler*innen, Datensätze zu vergleichen. Es wurden keine Korrelationen zwischen der Klassenstufe und dem Ergebnis des Kompetenztests oder der Begründungsqualität gefunden. Der Erfolg der DLE und das gleichzeitige Fehlen eines solchen Zusammenhangs bedeutet, dass das Thema Messunsicherheiten bereits in der achten Klasse eingeführt werden kann. / Measurement uncertainties are an essential part of a measurement result. The topic is, however, rarely addressed in secondary education and students struggle a lot with variance in data sets. This thesis reports on the design and evaluation of a Digital Learning Environment (DLE). The concept-based DLE uses an established subject matter model for secondary education and consists of three parts: introduction to and underpinnings of measurement uncertainties, calculation and meaning of the mean value and the uncertainty, and the comparison of measurement results. The effect was tested in a pre-post design. The pre and post-test consisted of two probes: a competency test and a data comparison problem where a decision had to be made supported by a justification. Participants were randomly assigned one of three groups A, B, or C and were shown one, two, or all three parts of the DLE. A total of 154 students of grades 8-11 participated voluntarily and independently. This work has shown that with increased conceptual knowledge, students' ability to compare data sets increases significantly. The concept-based teaching can be done by having students work independently with the DLE in 60 min. The coding manual allows for a quick analysis of students' justifications in the context of data comparison problems. This coding manual can be easily used in school settings. These codes show, in a fine-grained detail, the quality and development of students' ability to compare data sets. No correlations have been found between grade level and competency test score or justification quality. The success of the DLE and the simultaneous absence of any such correlation means that the topic of measurement uncertainties can be introduced as early as eighth grade.
92

Hur man lär sig spanska ur ett elevperspektiv : 18 elevers upplevelse och erfarenhet av inlärning i grundskolan / How one learns Spanish from a student’s perspective. 18 students’ experience on learning in compulsory school

Sánchez Hermansson, Felicia January 2024 (has links)
I det här examensarbetet har en studie om elevers perspektiv på spanskundervisning och övningar för språkinlärning på högstadiet genomförts. Studien inkluderar 18 elevers svar på en enkät följt av fem fördjupande intervjuer. Resultaten indikerar att eleverna utsätts för en hög grad av läsövningar och grammatikövningar medan de identifierar att de lär sig bäst genom glosor och att lyssna. Input av spanska utanför klassrummet är låg och användningen av målspråket som arbetsspråk i klassrummet är inte alltid så hög som den skulle kunna vara. Slutsatsen är att den kontinuerliga användningen av visst material, eller läromedel, kan vara en bidragande del av de internationellt låga resultaten för svenska elever i spanska. Framtida forskning kan vara att fokusera på lärarens perspektiv på övningar och används i klassrummet. / In this study, an investigation about students’ perspective on Spanish teaching and exercises in compulsory school has been carried out. The study includes 18 students’ responses to a survey followed by five in-depth interviews. The results indicate that students are exposed to a high level of reading and grammar practice while they identify that they learn best thorough vocabulary and listening. Input of Spanish outside the classroom is low and the use of the target language as a working language in the classroom is not always as high as it could be. The conclusion is that the continuous use of certain teaching material can be a contributing factor to the internationally low results for Swedish students in Spanish. Future research may be to focus on the teacher´s perspective on exercises and their use in the classroom.
93

Praktiska moment i teknik på gymnasiet : En studie om hur läromedel och elever förhåller sig till de praktiska momenten i teknikundervisningen på gymnasiet / Practical Aspects of Technology Education in Upper Secondary School

Günther, Jacob January 2023 (has links)
Drygt 20 år sedan återinfördes teknikprogrammet på den svenska gymnasieskolan. Programmet har fem olika inriktningar, gemensamt för alla dessa är ämnet teknik. Ämnet består av tre kurser, varav en är obligatorisk på teknikprogrammet. I Skolverkets examensmål för teknikprogrammet framgår att teori och praktisk tillämpning ska samverka i undervisningen. I den här uppsatsen undersöks vilka kunskaper som kan vara lämpliga att lära ut just vid praktiskt arbete i ämnet teknik och hur de tillgängliga läromedlen i ämnet hanterar förmedling av kunskap genom praktiskt arbete. För den svenska gymnasieskolans ämne teknik finns det tre olika läromedel på marknaden, en helt digital och två böcker. Genom en läromedelsanalys undersöks hur dessa läromedel förhåller sig till Skolverkets anvisningar om praktiska inslag i undervisning. För att komplettera läromedelsanalysen utförs även en undersökning med frågor i en enkät till elever på ett teknikgymnasieprogram. Frågor till eleverna har fokus på praktiska moment. Analysen utförs med ett teoretiskt ramverk där teknisk kunskap delas in i fyra kategorier, tyst kunskap, praktisk regelkunskap, teknikvetenskap och tillämpad naturvetenskap. Skolverket skriver i examensmålen för teknikprogrammet att teori och praktik ska samverka i elevernas utbildning. Men det centrala innehållet och betygskriterierna ger ingen ledning till lärarna i frågan om vilka delar av kurserna som är lämpliga att lära ut praktiskt. En lärare som utgår från de läromedel som finns tillgängliga får ingen ledning i vilken typ av teknisk kunskap som kan förmedlas praktiskt. / Just over 20 years ago, the technology program was reintroduced at the Swedish upper secondary school. The program has five different orientations, common to all of these is the subject of technology. The subject consists of three courses, one of which is compulsory on the technology programme. In the Swedish National Agency for Education's curriculum for the subject of technology, it is stated that students must be given the opportunity for technical development by working, among other things, practical. In this essay, it is investigated which knowledge may be appropriate to teach during practical work in the subject of technology and how the available teaching aids in the subject handle the transmission of knowledge through practical work.For the Swedish upper secondary school subject technology, there are three different teaching aids on the market, one completely digital and two books. A learning materials analysis examines how these teaching aids relate to the Swedish National Agency for Education's instructions on practical elements in teaching. To supplement the learning materials analysis, a questionnaire study is also carried out where students on the technology program can answer questions in connection with practical teaching.The analysis is carried out with a theoretical framework where technical knowledge is divided into four categories, tacit knowledge, practical rules knowledge, technological science and applied science.The Swedish National Agency for Education writes in the exam objectives for the technology program that theory and practice must work together in the students' education. However, the central content and grading criteria do not give teachers any guidance on the question of which parts of the courses are suitable for practical teaching.A teacher who looks in the teaching materials that are available gets no guidance in what kind of technical knowledge can be taught practically.
94

Nyckeln till kunskap och lärande : En studie om lärobokens roll i svenskundervisningen för årskurs f-3 / The key to knowledge and learning : A study on the role of the workbook in Swedish language classes for grades f-3

Storholt, Natalie, Essler Johansson, Annie January 2024 (has links)
The purpose of this work is to increase the understanding of the role of workbooks in Swedish language classes, as well as the extent to which teachers use workbooks in Swedish classes in primary school grades f-3. The study was conducted in two parts, with textbook analysis and interviews as the chosen methods. The first part, workbook analysis, was carried out on two workbooks using a checklist, and the results present a significant difference between the two selected workbooks, in percentage terms. The second part consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with four teachers representing different ages and levels of professional experience. The results of the four semi-structured interviews indicated a consensus among the teachers regarding the role of the workbook, but individual opinions and viewpoints also emerged. The workbook was perceived to have a significant role in teaching for all the study's informants, but the use of it varies. For instance, teachers either use it as a starting point or as a supplement. / Syftet med detta arbete är att öka förståelsen för lärobokens roll i svenskundervisningen, samt i vilken utsträckning lärare använder sig av läroböcker i svenskundervisningen i grundskolans f-3. Studien utfördes i form av två delar, där läromedelsanalys och intervju var de valda metoderna. Den första delen, läromedelsanalys, utfördes på två läroböcker genom en checklista och resultatet presenterar en markant skillnad mellan de två valda läroböckerna, procentuellt. Den andra delen utgjordes av en semistrukturerad intervjuform som utfördes på fyra lärare där olika åldrar och yrkeserfarenhet representerades. Resultatet av de fyra semistrukturerade intervjuerna påvisade en enighet mellan lärarna gällande lärobokens roll, men samtidigt framkom även enskilda åsikter och synpunkter. Läroboken upplevdes ha en roll i undervisningen för samtliga av undersökningens informanter, men användandet av den skiljer sig åt. Exempelvis genom att lärarna antingen använder den som en utgångspunkt eller ett komplement.
95

Finns svaret på eller under ytan? : En studie av arbetet med läsförståelsestrategier i läromedel för årskurs 1–3 / Is the answer on the surface or beneath it? : A study of the work with reading comprehension strategies in teaching materials for grades 1–3

Jarngren, Frida, Holmedahl, Elin January 2024 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur arbetet med läsförståelsestrategier framställs i två olika basläromedel för årskurs 1–3, med fokus på lärarhandledning och arbetsböcker. Tanken är att se vilket stöd läromedlet utgör för att arbeta med detta samt att se hur innehållet skiljer sig mellan de olika årskurserna, för att få syn på förändringar och progression. Med utgångspunkt i teori och forskning kan vi med hjälp av läromedelsanalys i form av kvalitativ innehållsanalys med kvantitativa inslag, urskilja de olika läsförståelsestrategier som läromedlen framställer och hur, i både arbetsböcker och lärarhandledning. Vi kan också få syn på vilket sätt lärarhandledningen fungerar som ett stöd för läraren i arbetet med dessa.  Resultatet av studien visar att båda de analyserade läromedlen har stort fokus på en läsförståelsestrategi som inte utmanar eleverna kognitivt. Samtliga genomsyras dock av den sociokulturella teorin som denna studie utgår från, med gemensamt lärande i en social kontext som en röd tråd. Förändringar mellan årskurserna syns på olika sätt. Ökad kognitiv utmaning, ökad omfattning av uppgifter och förändring i stöttning från läraren är några exempel. Det ena läromedlet visar ett mer omfattande och återkommande stöd till läraren i arbetet med läsförståelsestrategier, medan det andra visar ett mer isolerat men tydligt stöd. Slutsatsen är att de läromedel som ingår i studien framställer arbetet med läsförståelsestrategier på olika sätt, men den teori och forskning vi eftersökt, går att återfinna i viss utsträckning i alla läromedel. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how the work with reading comprehension strategies is presented in two different teaching materials for grades 1–3, with a focus on teacher guides and workbooks. The idea is to see what support the teaching material provides for working with this and to see how the content differs between the different grades to see changes and progression. Based on theory and research, we can, with the help of teaching material analysis in the form of qualitative content analysis with quantitative elements, distinguish the different reading comprehension strategies that the teaching materials produce and how in both workbooks and teacher's guides. We can also see how the teacher's guide functions as a support for the teacher in working with these.  The results of the study show that the analyzed learning materials both have a strong focus on a reading comprehension strategy that does not challenge the students cognitively. However, all results are permeated through the sociocultural perspective from which this study is based, with shared learning in a social context as a common thread. Changes between the grades are visible in different ways. Increased cognitive challenge, increased scope of tasks, and change in support from the teacher are some examples. One teaching aid shows a more extensive and recurring support for the teacher in the work with reading comprehension strategies, while the other shows more isolated but clear support. The conclusion is that the teaching materials included in the study present work with reading comprehension strategies in different ways, but the theory and research sought could be found, to a certain extent, in all teaching materials.
96

Les ressources didactiques : typologie d’usages en lien avec la méthode historique et l’intervention éducative d’enseignants d’histoire au secondaire

Boutonnet, Vincent 06 1900 (has links)
Les manuels d’histoire ont souvent fait l’objet d’analyses concernant leur contenu et leur qualité, mais rarement leurs usages en classe. Cette thèse vise à décrire et analyser comment des enseignants d’histoire du Québec au secondaire utilisent le manuel et toute autre ressource didactique. Le problème consiste à mieux connaître ce qui se passe en classe depuis l’implantation de la réforme curriculaire, en 2001, et comment les conceptions des enseignants influencent leurs pratiques en lien avec l’exercice de la méthode historique. Ce travail décrit des pratiques enseignantes selon leur intervention éducative, les ressources didactiques utilisées et l’activité de l’élève en classe. Pour ce faire, la collecte de données est réalisée au travers d’un sondage en ligne (n= 81), d’observations en classe et d’entrevues (n=8) avec les participants. Les enseignants d’histoire utilisent souvent le manuel, mais leur intervention n’est pas structurée par son contenu ou ses exercices. Les cahiers d’exercices ou le récit de l’enseignant semblent structurer principalement leurs interventions. En fait, leurs conceptions sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage en histoire déterminent le plus souvent l’usage du manuel et des autres ressources didactiques d’une manière traditionnelle ou d’une manière qui exerce authentiquement la méthode historique. Afin de décrire ces différents usages, la thèse propose une typologie qui distingue les différentes modalités mises en place afin d’utiliser les ressources didactiques et exercer la méthode historique. Trois principaux types sont énoncés : intensif, extensif et critique. Un quatrième type a été ajouté afin de mieux nuancer les différentes pratiques enseignantes rencontrées : extensif-méthodique. Ce dernier type s’explique par une pratique enseignante qui concilie les types extensif et critique selon les besoins de l’enseignant. La thèse souligne la persistance de pratiques transmissives et magistrocentrées qui limitent un exercice authentique de la méthode historique, alors que le curriculum vise un enseignement constructiviste et que plus de ressources sont disponibles pour les enseignants. / History textbooks are mainly analyzed for their content and quality but not for their real use in classrooms. This thesis aims to describe and analyze how high school history teachers in Quebec use textbooks and other instructional resources. The issue is to know what is going on into classrooms since the new curriculum is in effect and how teachers’ beliefs influence their practices related to the development of historical method skills. This work describes the teaching practices according to their educational intervention, learning resources used and the student’s activities during class. The data was collected with an online survey (n= 81), classroom observations and interviews (n= 8) with the participants. Teachers often use textbooks, but are not automatically led by its content or exercises. Workbooks or teacher’s narrative seem to mainly structure their interventions. Yet, the belief system about teaching and learning history more specifically leads teachers to use textbooks in a traditional way or in a way that fosters historical method. To describe these various uses, the thesis proposes a typology that distinguishes the different modalities put in place to use learning resources and perform historical method. Three main types are described: intensive, extensive and critical. A fourth type was added in order to better explain the different teaching practices encountered: extensive-methodical. The latter type is explained by a teaching practice that combines extensive and critical types related to the needs of the teacher. The thesis points out the persistence of transmissive and teacher-centered pratices limiting authentic historical method exercise while curriculum aims a constructivist way and that more learning resources are available for teachers.
97

Leitura de impressos de RPG no Brasil: o satânico e o secular. / The satanic and the secular: the reading of RPG publications in Brazil.

Fairchild, Thomas Massao 14 December 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho discute a incorporação de novos materiais pela escola através do estudo da leitura de impressos de RPG (role-playing games, ou jogos de interpretação de papéis). Estes impressos (livros e revistas) começaram a surgir no país por volta de 1990 e no decurso da década se diversificaram bastante, inclusive graças a uma volumosa produção de títulos nacionais. Em 2001, quando uma estudante foi assassinada em Ouro Preto e o crime foi associado à prática dos role-playing games, dois aspectos aparentemente contrários tornaramse evidentes por um lado, a presença de jogos que parodiam temas religiosos e aos quais se atribuiu influência sobre o comportamento criminoso, e por outro, a existência de livros dedicados a assuntos do currículo escolar. Com base numa aliança entre preceitos da História Cultural, da Lingüística e da Psicanálise, este trabalho procura compreender esse trajeto, pensando particularmente no problema de como surgem novos sentidos na leitura e como esses sentidos passam a ser negociados uma vez que se instauram no discurso. Através da descrição de impressos de RPG e da análise de diversos aspectos da sua leitura, manuseio e circulação, o trabalho visa discutir as formas como a linguagem não apenas manifesta, mas efetivamente sustenta e realiza as relações de poder através das quais um determinado tipo de material pode se constituir como objeto de relevância para a escola. / This work discusses the adoption of new materials in school by studying the reading of RPG (role-playing game) publications. These publications (books and magazines) first appeared in Brazil around 1990 and throughout that decade became very diverse also due to a voluminous production of national titles. By 2001, when a student was murdered in the city of Ouro Preto and the crime was reputed to role-playing game pratices, two apparently contrary aspects became evident: on the one hand, the presence of games that parody religious themes and to which an influence upon criminal behavior was attributed, and on the other hand the existence of books dedicated to school subjects. Based on concepts from Cultural History, Linguistics and Psychoanalysis, this work attempts to explain this trajectory, considering particularly the problem of how new meanings occur in reading and how these meanings are dealt with once they are installed in a discourse. By describing RPG publications and analysing how they might be read, handled and passed on among readers, this works discusses how language not only manifests, but rather supports and effects power relations by which a certain type of material may become an object of relevance from the schools perspective.
98

O ensino de português para fins específicos no Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil / The teaching of Portuguese for Specific Purposes in the Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil

Lobo, Moana de Lima e Silva 06 October 2017 (has links)
Sabendo-se que a gramática e o dicionário são instrumentos linguísticos que contribuem para o processo de gramatização das línguas (AUROUX, 1992) e que no Brasil esse processo se desenvolveu em cinco momentos, quatro deles propostos por Orlandi & Guimarães (2001) e o quinto proposto por Zoppi-Fontana (2004, 2007), esta tese analisa o livro didático Diga trinta e três... em português! (aplicado no curso de Português como Língua Estrangeira do Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil, nos Módulos de Acolhimento e Avaliação que ocorreram no Brasil e em Cuba), que pode ser considerado um instrumento linguístico norteador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do PLE, corroborando para o quinto momento do processo de gramatização do português brasileiro. Tomando por base as características do pós-método ao propor uma atitude reflexiva na atitude do professor sobre a sua prática pedagógica, com o objetivo de um ensino que corresponda às reais necessidades do aluno, adotou-se o Ensino de Línguas para Fins Específicos, que assume a língua como instrumento/meio para um desempenho eficaz na situação-alvo, possibilitando a aprendizagem de língua para o cumprimento de tarefas em contextos específicos (RAMOS, 2005), como aporte teórico na análise do livro didático em questão. Assim, com o auxílio da pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico e interpretativista, geraram-se os dados possíveis para o desenvolvimento dessa análise, que contou com o olhar da professora-pesquisadora sobre o livro didático, as contribuições de outros professores que atuaram nesse mesmo contexto, por meio de questionários, e as anotações do diário de pesquisa. Como conclusão desta pesquisa, é possível afirmar que o livro didático Diga trinta e três... em Português! configura-se como um instrumento linguístico desenvolvido para uma finalidade específica no que tange o ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira aos médicos intercambistas, mas também que se situa na condição do pensamento desenvolvido na era do pós-método, ao permitir que o professor, em sua prática pedagógica, assuma um perfil reflexivo, priorizando o papel do aluno como agente na construção do seu conhecimento. / It is known that grammar and the dictionary are linguistic instruments that contribute to the process of grammatization of languages (AUROUX, 1992) and that in Brazil this process has developed in five moments, four of them proposed by Orlandi & Guimarães (2001) and fifth proposed by Zoppi-Fontana (2004, 2007), this dissertation analyzes the textbook Diga trinta e três... em português! (applied in the course of Portuguese as a Foreign Language of the Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil, in the Modules of Reception and Evaluation that took place in Brazil and Cuba), which can be considered a guiding linguistic instrument in the teaching-learning process of PFL, corroborating for the fifth moment of the process of grammatization of Brazilian Portuguese. Based on the characteristics of the post-method in proposing a reflexive attitude in the attitude of the teacher about his/her pedagogical practice, with the objective of a teaching that corresponds to the real needs of the student, it was adopted the Teaching of Languages for Specific Purposes, which assumes the language as an instrument/mean for an effective performance in the target situation, enabling language learning to fulfill tasks in specific contexts (RAMOS, 2005), as a theoretical contribution in the analysis of the textbook in question. Thus, with the aid of qualitative research of an ethnographic and interpretative nature, the available data for the development of the analysis were generated, which counted on the teacher-researchers view on the didactic book, contributions of other teachers who acted in the same context, through questionnaires, and field diary. As a conclusion to this research, it is possible to state that the textbook Diga trinta e três... em Português! is configured as a linguistic instrument developed for a specific purpose in what concerns the teaching of Portuguese as a Foreign Language to the exchange doctors, but also that it is situated in the condition of the thought developed in the postmethod era, by allowing the teacher, in his pedagogical practice, assume a reflexive profile, prioritizing the students role as an agent in the construction of his knowledge.
99

Letramento em língua inglesa: um estudo de caso em uma escola pública / Literacy in english as foreign language: a case study at a state school

Lima, Cristiana Santos 11 September 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANA SANTOS LIMA.pdf: 3034901 bytes, checksum: 0272f99d68bffe1a0ae403e4cc8f326a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-11 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This study aims at investigating whether a teaching material planned, focusing on writing and reading tasks, according to content guidelines present in PCN Foreign Language can contribute to the development of writing in the light of a literacy approach. The guidelines followed were the ones of qualitative research methods for collecting and analyzing the data. The present investigation concluded that the tasks related to reading and writing constitute a literacy event, it also showed the possibility for development of writing. A favorable response by students to those tasks proposed on the teaching material were also identified / Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar se uma unidade didática reelaborada seguindo os eixos de conteúdo presentes nos PCN Língua Estrangeira pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da escrita à luz dos estudos sobre letramento. As diretrizes seguidas foram da pesquisa qualitativa para coletar e analisar os dados. A presente investigação concluiu que as tarefas relacionadas a leitura e a escrita constituem-se como evento de letramento escolar, mostrou também a possibilidade para o desenvolvimento da escrita. Identificou-se também uma receptividade favorável dos alunos às tarefas propostas na unidade didática
100

O ensino de português para fins específicos no Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil / The teaching of Portuguese for Specific Purposes in the Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil

Moana de Lima e Silva Lobo 06 October 2017 (has links)
Sabendo-se que a gramática e o dicionário são instrumentos linguísticos que contribuem para o processo de gramatização das línguas (AUROUX, 1992) e que no Brasil esse processo se desenvolveu em cinco momentos, quatro deles propostos por Orlandi & Guimarães (2001) e o quinto proposto por Zoppi-Fontana (2004, 2007), esta tese analisa o livro didático Diga trinta e três... em português! (aplicado no curso de Português como Língua Estrangeira do Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil, nos Módulos de Acolhimento e Avaliação que ocorreram no Brasil e em Cuba), que pode ser considerado um instrumento linguístico norteador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do PLE, corroborando para o quinto momento do processo de gramatização do português brasileiro. Tomando por base as características do pós-método ao propor uma atitude reflexiva na atitude do professor sobre a sua prática pedagógica, com o objetivo de um ensino que corresponda às reais necessidades do aluno, adotou-se o Ensino de Línguas para Fins Específicos, que assume a língua como instrumento/meio para um desempenho eficaz na situação-alvo, possibilitando a aprendizagem de língua para o cumprimento de tarefas em contextos específicos (RAMOS, 2005), como aporte teórico na análise do livro didático em questão. Assim, com o auxílio da pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico e interpretativista, geraram-se os dados possíveis para o desenvolvimento dessa análise, que contou com o olhar da professora-pesquisadora sobre o livro didático, as contribuições de outros professores que atuaram nesse mesmo contexto, por meio de questionários, e as anotações do diário de pesquisa. Como conclusão desta pesquisa, é possível afirmar que o livro didático Diga trinta e três... em Português! configura-se como um instrumento linguístico desenvolvido para uma finalidade específica no que tange o ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira aos médicos intercambistas, mas também que se situa na condição do pensamento desenvolvido na era do pós-método, ao permitir que o professor, em sua prática pedagógica, assuma um perfil reflexivo, priorizando o papel do aluno como agente na construção do seu conhecimento. / It is known that grammar and the dictionary are linguistic instruments that contribute to the process of grammatization of languages (AUROUX, 1992) and that in Brazil this process has developed in five moments, four of them proposed by Orlandi & Guimarães (2001) and fifth proposed by Zoppi-Fontana (2004, 2007), this dissertation analyzes the textbook Diga trinta e três... em português! (applied in the course of Portuguese as a Foreign Language of the Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil, in the Modules of Reception and Evaluation that took place in Brazil and Cuba), which can be considered a guiding linguistic instrument in the teaching-learning process of PFL, corroborating for the fifth moment of the process of grammatization of Brazilian Portuguese. Based on the characteristics of the post-method in proposing a reflexive attitude in the attitude of the teacher about his/her pedagogical practice, with the objective of a teaching that corresponds to the real needs of the student, it was adopted the Teaching of Languages for Specific Purposes, which assumes the language as an instrument/mean for an effective performance in the target situation, enabling language learning to fulfill tasks in specific contexts (RAMOS, 2005), as a theoretical contribution in the analysis of the textbook in question. Thus, with the aid of qualitative research of an ethnographic and interpretative nature, the available data for the development of the analysis were generated, which counted on the teacher-researchers view on the didactic book, contributions of other teachers who acted in the same context, through questionnaires, and field diary. As a conclusion to this research, it is possible to state that the textbook Diga trinta e três... em Português! is configured as a linguistic instrument developed for a specific purpose in what concerns the teaching of Portuguese as a Foreign Language to the exchange doctors, but also that it is situated in the condition of the thought developed in the postmethod era, by allowing the teacher, in his pedagogical practice, assume a reflexive profile, prioritizing the students role as an agent in the construction of his knowledge.

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