Efforts to combat climate change through limiting our greenhouse gas emissions (GHG),is the main driver of the energy transition and entail strategies to decarbonize the energy sector. However, these strategies come with various social and technical challenges whichare important to address, especially regarding emerging consumer participation in the system as producers and consumers i.e., prosumers. The aim of this study is to investigate how smart technical solutions can be better diffused to improve participation of consumers in the energy transition through building knowledge and direct engagement as prosumers. Similarly, this study aims to investigate if there is potential for such smart technical solutions to help improve social acceptance of renewables and smart meter devices which also support “prosumerism”, through exploring Ferroamp, and its unique smart solution modular system as an example in the Swedish context.  This study conducted three qualitative interviews, one with a solar seller who acts as a representative and interacts with a large consumer base as well as 2 customers of the Ferroamp system. These interviews led to conclusions regarding the opportunity of smart solutions to facilitate greater knowledge and participation in the Swedish Energy Transition; however, key challenges regarding technological awareness and economic knowledge of the consumer base remain, which has implications for actors trying to increase smart technology penetration in Sweden. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of increasing consumers’ technological awareness and better communicating economic benefits if we are to increase consumer acceptance, participation, and engagement in the energy transition moving forward.

Orientador: Hilda Maria Gonçaves da Silva / Resumo: A política educacional é regida por uma série de leis que a sancionam e que a regulamentam, a fim de torná-la exequível. Ela se insere no contexto de política universal, gratuita, não contributiva e compulsória, na questão da educação básica pública, a qual se estrutura em três níveis: educação infantil; fundamental de anos iniciais e anos finais; e ensino médio. Dentro deste âmbito, delineiam-se os Conselhos Escolares, que são órgãos colegiados de fundamental importância para a representatividade dos elementos constituintes da comunidade escolar e local, para que estes possam compartilhar o poder decisório e a corresponsabilidade da escola, por meio da gestão democrática. A perspectiva que traz este modelo de gestão se concentra na possibilidade de congregar os principais elementos que representam o arcabouço da política educacional, desvelando seus direitos, outorgando-lhes vez, voz e voto, com a finalidade de lhes permitir a participação política e social. O que caracteriza a participação política é o dever ético e a necessidade primordial da natureza humana na convivência em dada sociedade. O hábito da participação intensa e constante faz com que haja o impedimento de uma atuação injusta, por parte de alguns, em detrimento de todos. No entanto, acredita-se que os membros colegiados, na sua generalidade, não conhecem as atribuições que lhes são próprias e não exercem a efetiva participação nos Conselhos Escolares, os quais visam a garantia de um processo de melhoria da edu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Educational policy is governed by a series of laws that sanction and regulate it, in order to make it enforceable. It is insered in the context of universal, free, non- contributory and compulsory policy, in the issue of public basic education, which is structured on three levels : child education ; primary years and final years ; and high school. Within this scope, the School Councils are outlined, which are collegiate bodies of fundamental importance for the representation of the constituent elements of the school and local community, so they can share the decision-making power and co-responsibility to the school through democratic management. The perspective that this management model brings focuses on the possibility of bringing together the main elements that represent the framework of educational policy, unveiling their rights, giving them time, voice and vote, in order to allow them to participate politically and socially. What characterizes political participation is the ethical duty and the primordial need for human nature to live together in a given society. That habit of intense and constant participation makes it possible for some to act unfairly to the detriment of all. However, it is believed that the collegiate members, in general, do not know their duties and do not exercises effective participation in School Councils, which aim to garantee a process of improving education, which is proposed for the formation of citizens, through the participation of the entir... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Regina Stella Spagnuolo / Resumo: Introdução. A participação da comunidade é uma das diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), sendo entendida como instrumento fortalecer a democracia e ampliar a cidadania. O presente estudo insere-se no contexto da participação comunitária de conselheiros de saúde e no fortalecimento de suas práticas. O objetivo geral foi qualificar conselheiros/as municipais de saúde por meio de oficinas educativas e do método da pesquisa-ação, com vistas a melhorar a participação da comunidade enquanto diretriz do SUS. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar as temáticas discutidas nas reuniões dos conselhos municipais de saúde; levantar as fragilidades e potencialidades da participação comunitária nos conselhos municipais de saúde por meio de revisão integrativa da literatura; analisar mapas conceituais desenvolvidos em oficinas educativas no âmbito da capacitação profissional de conselheiros/as municipais de saúde; compreender a percepção dos conselheiros em relação a sua função participativa nos conselhos de saúde. Método. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP sob número 1.578.025/2016. Trata-se de pesquisa-ação, de abordagem qualitativa e multi métodos: oficinas educativas, observação participante e grupos focais. A construção de informações foi realizada em três municípios da região de saúde do Pólo Cuesta no interior do Estado de São Paulo no... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction. Community participation is one of the guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS), and is understood as an instrument to foster social capital, strengthen democracy and broaden citizenship. This study is part of the community participation of health advisors and the strengthening of their practices. The general objective was to qualify municipal health councilors throuch educational workshops and the action-research method, with a view to improving community participation as a SUS guideline. The specific objectives were: to identify the topics discussed in the meetings of the municipal health councils; to raise the weaknesses and potencial of community participation in municipal health councils through an integrative literature review; analyze conceptual maps developed in educational workshops in the scope of professional trainning of municipal councilors of health; understand the perception of counselors regarding their participative role in health councils. Method. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research with Human Beings of Botucatu Medical School - UNESP under number 1,578,025 / 2016. These are action research, qualitative and multi-method approaches: qualification workshops, participant observation and focus groups. Data collection was carried out in three municipalities in the health area of the Cuesta Pole in the interior of the State of São Paulo in the years 2016 and 2017. Documental analyzes, qualification workshops and focus... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) tend to experience restricted social participation and therefore require support in this area. Animal assisted interventions (AAIs) offer a complementary or alternative intervention approach for those children. This research aimed at investigating the literature on AAIs in relation to the social participation of children with NDDs. A systematic literature review was conducted in four databases. Based on the PICO framework, search strings and inclusion/exclusion criteria were defined, resulting in the inclusion of eleven articles from seven countries. The selected articles were assessed for quality and data was extracted with the help of an extraction protocol. The majority of research concerned children with autism spectrum disorder, in the context of school, occupational therapy, and other health care and therapy settings. Social participation was assessed primarily through measures of frequency and initiation of social behaviors and interactions. Results of the studies were mixed, with a trend toward a positive effect of AAIs on social participation. Overall, most evidence was found for animal assisted therapy including dogs. The research reflected a lack of protocol for animal-assisted interventions and a need for a clear definition of social participation across research and practice. However, in relation to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health – Children and Youth version (ICF-CY), AAIs seem to offer a treatment approach that can target several factors simultaneously instead of putting a focus on body functions only. Although this research could not draw any straightforward conclusions, there is clearly an indication that AAIs have a positive potential to impact the social participation of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. / Kinder mit neurologischen Entwicklungsstörungen erfahren oft Einschränkungen in ihrer sozialen Teilhabe und benötigen daher Unterstützung in diesem Bereich. Tiergestützte Interventionen bieten in diesem Fall einen ergänzenden oder alternativen Interventionsansatz. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Literatur über tiergestützte Interventionen in Bezug auf die soziale Teilhabe von Kindern mit neurologischen Entwicklungsstörungen zu untersuchen. Mit Hilfe von vier Datenbanken wurde eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit durchgeführt. Basierend auf dem PICO-Modell wurden Suchbegriffe sowie Einschluss- und Ausschlusskriterien festgelegt, woraufhin elf Artikel aus sieben Ländern in die Arbeit aufgenommen wurden. Die ausgewählten Artikel wurden auf ihre Qualität geprüft und Daten wurden mit Hilfen eines Extraktionsprotokolls gesammelt. Die meisten Studien betrafen Kinder mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen, und wurden im Kontext von Schule, Ergotherapie und anderen Gesundheits- und Therapieeinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die soziale Teilhabe wurde in erster Linie durch Messungen der Häufigkeit und der Initiierung von sozialem Verhalten und sozialer Interaktionen bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Studien waren gemischt, zeigten jedoch die Tendenz einer positiven Wirkung von tiergestützten Interventionen auf die soziale Teilhabe. Insgesamt wurden hauptsächlich Belege für die tiergestützte Therapie mit Hunden gefunden. Die Forschungsergebnisse spiegeln den Mangel an einem einheitlichen Interventionsprotokoll für tiergestützte Interventionen und die Notwendigkeit einer klaren Definition der sozialen Teilhabe in Forschung und Praxis wider. In Bezug auf die internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit – Kinder- und Jugendversion, scheinen tiergestützte Interventionen jedoch einen Behandlungsansatz zu bieten, der an mehreren Faktoren gleichzeitig ansetzen kann, anstatt sich nur auf Körperfunktionen zu konzentrieren. Obwohl im Rahmen dieser Studie keine eindeutigen Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden konnten, gibt es eindeutige Hinweise darauf, dass tiergestützte Interventionen das Potenzial haben, die soziale Teilhabe von Kindern mit neurologischen Entwicklungsstörungen zu beeinflussen.

Tidigare forskning visar på att ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) inte deltar i lagidrott i samma mån som andra ungdomar. Forskningen pekar på anpassningar som krävs för att möjliggöra deltagandet i en lagidrott, så som anpassningar på träningar, kompetenta tränare, anpassad kommunikation baserad på individens förmåga och stöd från familj eller anhöriga. Denna studies syfte är att, utifrån tränares perspektiv, undersöka behovet av paraidrottsföreningar och paraidrottslag för ungdomar med IF och hur de arbetar för att möjliggöra social delaktighet för ungdomar med IF. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ ansats där insamlingen av data skedde genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer via Zoom, Teams, Face-Time och via telefonsamtal. Det insamlade empiriska materialet från intervjuerna, analyserades med en tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet i denna studie visar att informanterna upplevde att det fanns ett behov av lag eller föreningar som riktade sig till denna målgrupp, det fanns en efterfrågan från ungdomarna själva, då vissa ungdomar med IF inte känt att de haft ett lag där de passat in eller hängt med i instruktioner eller fysiskt med sina lagkamrater när de tidigare deltagit i lag med ungdomar som inte hade IF. Informanterna menade även att denna målgrupp behövde bli mer fysiskt aktiva för deras hälsa, såväl fysiskt som psykiskt. Ett sätt att vara mer fysiskt aktiv och främja den sociala delaktigheten är att delta i en lagidrott. Men för att kunna delta i en lagidrott krävs en del anpassningar så som bildstöd eller stöttning i den sociala interaktionen med andra spelare. Att delta i en lagidrott ger många fördelar, så som bättre fysik, en ökad möjlighet för att knyta sociala band och ökad självkänsla och tilltro till sig själv.

Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option neuropsychologie clinique (Ph.D) / L’objectif principal de la thèse est d’outiller les cliniciens œuvrant auprès d’une population atteinte d’un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) dans l’établissement d’un profil compréhensif et un pronostic des fonctions exécutives (FE), ainsi que dans leur capacité à cibler les patients qui développeront des difficultés d’intégration sociale, sur la base des troubles cognitifs objectivés et plus précisément des troubles des FE. Afin de répondre à cet objectif, la présente thèse contient deux articles qui se basent sur le modèle théorique de Miyake (Miyake, Friedman, et al., 2000) afin de définir les FE. Le premier article s’intéresse à caractériser les associations entre des variables sociodémographiques, liées au TCC léger et des symptômes post TCC léger d’une part, et les performances des FE d’autre part. Le deuxième article vise à (1) mesurer la récupération des FE entre la phase aiguë et six mois post-TCC et (2) explorer la relation entre les FE et la participation sociale après un TCC. Les résultats des articles suggèrent principalement que les personnes ayant subi un TCC léger qui sont les plus éduquées et dont le QI estimé prémobide est plus élevé (réserve cognitive plus grande), sont susceptibles de présenter de meilleures performances aux mesures des FE à la suite de leur accident. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que la performance des patients sur certaines mesures des FE s’améliore significativement dans les six mois suivant leur accident et qu’elle peut être associée, notamment pour la fluence verbale alternée, avec le niveau de participation sociale des patients après leur accident. Globalement, les résultats de cette thèse nous permettent de statuer que certains facteurs sont importants à prendre en compte lorsque l’on évalue les FE chez des personnes atteintes d’un TCC, et ce, afin de mieux comprendre les différences inter-individuelles chez cette population. Ainsi, la thèse suggère qu’il est crucial de considérer la notion de réserve cognitive avec une population atteinte d’un TCC. Puisqu’il est postulé que la réserve cognitive permet de compenser les déficits cognitifs, les déficits des FE chez des patients présentant une haute réserve cognitive pourraient apparaitre comme plus préoccupant que chez des patients présentant un faible niveau de réserve cognitive. De surcroît, les résultats de la thèse mettent de l’avant l’importance du test de fluence verbale alternée qui s’avère suffisamment sensible auprès de cette population pour mesurer la récupération des FE dans le temps, mais également pour donner un portrait de l’atteinte exécutive qui pourrait aussi se manifester et être associée à certaines difficultés de participation sociale dans la vie de tous les jours. / The main objective of this thesis is to provide clinicians working with a population suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in establishing an accurate comprehensive profile and prediction of executive functions (EF), as well as in their ability to target patients who will develop difficulties in social integration, based on objectified cognitive disorders and more specifically on EF disorders. In order to meet this objective, this thesis contains two articles that will use Miyake's theoretical model (Miyake, Friedman, et al., 2000) to define EF. The first paper is interested in characterizing the associations between sociodemographic variables, related to mild TBI and post- mild TBI symptoms on the one hand, and EF performance on the other. The second article aims to (1) measure the recovery of EF between the acute phase and six months post-TBI and (2) explore the relationship between EF and social participation after TBI. The results of the articles primarily suggest that individuals with mild TBI who are more educated and have higher premorbid estimated IQ (cognitive reserve), are likely to show better performance on EF measures following their accident. The results also suggest that patients' performance on some EF measures improves significantly in the six months following their accident and may be associated, particularly for alternating verbal fluency, with patients' level of social participation following their accident. Overall, the results of this thesis allow us to state that certain factors are important to consider when assessing cognitive functions, especially EF in people with TBI. Thus, the thesis suggests that it is crucial to consider the notion of cognitive reserve with a TBI population. Since cognitive reserve is postulated to compensate for cognitive deficits, EF deficits in patients with high cognitive reserve might appear to be of greater concern than in patients with low cognitive reserve. Furthermore, the results of the thesis highlight the importance of the alternate verbal fluency test, which is sufficiently sensitive in this population to measure the recovery of EFs over time, but also to give a picture of the executive impairment that could also occur and be association with some difficulties in social participation in everyday life.

Utvecklingen av teknik sker i snabb takt och på grund av Covid-19 ökades kraven på ytterligare ökad digitalisering. En utsatt grupp i detta sammanhang är seniorer, som drabbas av den digitala klyftan. Med åldern isoleras människor alltmer socialt och därmed finns det ett behov av ökad social delaktighet. Samhället bidrar med goda digitala förutsättningar men alla kan inte använda digitala lösningar av diverse anledningar. Syftet med studien var därför att undersöka seniorers upplevelser av arrangerade digitala möten och dess potential för att främja social delaktighet. Metoden för studien var en kvalitativ ansats bestående av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer och en fokusgruppsintervju baserat på den digitala interventionen 11 e-fika. Analysen genomfördes med innehållsanalys för både intervjuer och fokusgrupp. Studien genomfördes med fyra kvinnor i åldrarna 70–87 år boendes i en mellanstor kommun. Interventionen är ett pilotprojekt i samarbete med en kommun. Resultatet visade på att digitala träffar som 11 e-fika kan främja social delaktighet men seniorerna upplevde osäkerhet samt behov av stöd vid användning. Seniorerna uppgav att de föredrar fysiska träffar men att digitala är ett bra komplement som underlättar för träffar utan fysisk närvaro. Individens inställning till användning har även en påverkan. Slutsatsen var att digitala träffar kan vara fördelaktigt för social delaktighet men visar tydligt att behovet av stöd finns för att kunna använda digitala verktyg. Därför krävs fortsatt mer forskning inom området. / The digital society is evolving fast and the demand on digitalization has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. A vulnerable group in this context is seniors whom been affected by digital divide. With age, people become more and more socially isolated and there is a need for increased social participation. Society contributes with good digital conditions, but not everyone knows how to handle digital solutions for various reasons. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate seniors' experiences of arranged digital meetings and their potential to promote social participation. The method for the study was a qualitative content analysis of four semi-structured interviews and a focus group interview after a digital intervention (11 e-fika). The study was conducted with four women aged 70–87 years living in a medium-sized municipality. The intervention was also a pilot project in collaboration with a municipality. The results showed that digital meetings such as 11 e-fika can promote social participation, but the seniors experienced insecurity and need for support during use. The seniors stated that they prefer physical meetings, but that digital is a good complement that facilitates meetings without a physical presence. The individual's attitude to use also has an impact. The conclusion was that digital meetings can be beneficial for social participation, but the need for support when using digital tools is clear. Therefore, further research in the field is required.

[pt] A tese em questão versa sobre a análise dos impactos da instalação do Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico de Simplício e suas implicações sociais, ambientais e econômicas vivenciadas pela população residente no município de Sapucaia, estado do Rio de Janeiro, por ser a cidade sede do empreendimento, assim como as áreas do seu entorno. Partiu-se para investigação, tomando como pressuposto que a implantação de uma Usina Hidrelétrica, impulsiona uma importante guinada no processo de desenvolvimento local, e tal aspecto, interfere diretamente na dinâmica da vida da população residente. Sendo assim, busca-se saber quais os mecanismos de escuta foram efetivados para garantir a participação popular na época de implantação do empreendimento, e qual a relação estabelecida até os dias atuais com os munícipes, na garantia de uma prática democrática e de participação social, considerando que os impactos promovidos na vida dos sujeitos afetados, são inúmeros, em função das mudanças econômicas, sociais, ambientais, culturais, políticas entre outras na realidade local. O estudo além da continua pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, pautou-se na investigação de cunho qualitativo que permitiu melhor compreender e explicar a dinâmica das relações sociais, e com isto aproximar o pesquisador da realidade investigada. Como coleta de dados, utilizou-se a aplicação de questionários com os sujeitos eleitos e envolvidos com o objeto da pesquisa. O quadro teórico do estudo, foi pautado na perspectiva crítica que permitiu análise, interpretação e descrição dos dados, considerando que tanto os aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais presentes a partir do empreendimento hidrelétrico, são decorrentes da estratégia capitalista, que concorre para o desmantelamento e retrocesso das conquistas democráticas, com o alijamento das instâncias de controle social e de incipientes meios de participação popular, elementos que estiveram presentes e impactaram a realidade investigada. / [en] The thesis in question deals with the analysis of the impacts of the installation of the Simplício Hydroelectric Plant and its social, environmental and economic implications experienced by the population living in the municipality of Sapucaia, state of Rio de Janeiro, as it is the host city of the enterprise, as well as the surrounding areas. We started to investigate, assuming that the implantation of a Hydroelectric Plant, drives an important turn in the local development process, and this aspect, directly interferes in the dynamics of the life of the resident population. Therefore, we seek to know which listening mechanisms were put in place to guarantee popular participation at the time of the project s implementation, and what relationship has been established up to the present day with citizens, in guaranteeing a democratic practice and social participation, considering that the impacts promoted in the lives of the affected subjects are numerous, due to the economic, social, environmental, cultural, political changes, among others in the local reality. The study, in addition to the continuous documentary and bibliographic research, was based on a qualitative investigation that allows a better understanding and explanation of the dynamics of social relations, thereby bringing the researcher closer to the investigated reality. As data collection, questionnaires were used with the elected subjects and involved with the research object. The theoretical framework of the study, was based on the critical perspective that allowed analysis, interpretation and description of the data, considering that both the economic, social and environmental aspects present from the hydroelectric enterprise are due to the capitalist strategy, which contributes to the dismantling and retrogression of democratic conquests, with the elimination of instances of social control and incipient means of popular participation, elements that were present and impacted the investigated reality.

[pt] A presente dissertação visa analisar no âmbito municipal de Cachoeiras de Macacu, o processo de participação social do Grupo de Acompanhamento da Despoluição do Rio Macacu, frente à gestão pública, tanto na formulação, como na implementação de políticas públicas. A pesquisa realizada foi de cunho qualitativo e o percurso metodológico que a ancorou, apoiou-se em pesquisa de cunho documental e bibliográfico, objetivando ampliar o conhecimento tanto do ponto do vista da legislação, bem como por meio dos documentos produzidos internamente pelo Grupo sujeito da pesquisa, a fim de compreender a dinâmica empreendida através das atas de reuniões, resoluções, dentre outros documentos produzidos, o que nos permitiu identificar qual a forma utilizada por eles para contribuir na dinâmica de formulações de políticas, além de outras ações. Já a pesquisa de campo, inicialmente efetivada pela observação direta, favoreceu identificar as ações cotidianas do Grupo, o que auxiliou nas análises. Foi aberto também um canal de escuta por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com os sujeitos envolvidos, tanto da sociedade civil como do poder público, que permitiu melhor aproximação da realidade, bem como compreender vários aspectos desenvolvido pelo Grupo a partir das falas. O conjunto de instrumentos utilizados contribuiu para sistematização dos dados coletados e análises das falas permitindo desenhar um panorama composto de resultados e propostas advindos da ação desenvolvida pelo Grupo, revelando que a efetivação do processo participativo demanda um conjunto de esforços a serem desempenhados tanto pela sociedade civil quanto aos sujeitos envolvidos no interior das agências públicas no desenvolvimento da gestão democrática. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para fortalecer outras práticas democráticas tão importantes para defesa dos direitos da população, incluindo o direito de participar diretamente da administração pública, assim como ampliar o conhecimento através da produção acadêmica que revele pontos importantes da prática cidadã que chancela a sociedade civil, em ações voltadas para formulação de políticas públicas, que neste estudo, em especial, estão voltadas também, para as questões socioambientais. / [en] This dissertation aims to analyze in the municipal scope of Cachoeiras de Macacu, the social participation process of the Macacu River Depollution Monitoring Group, in front of public management, both in the formulation and in the implementation of public policies. The research carried out was of a qualitative nature and the methodological path that anchored it, was supported by documentary and bibliographic research, aiming to expand the knowledge both from the point of view of the legislation, as well as through the documents produced internally by the Group subject of the research , in order to understand the dynamics undertaken through the minutes of meetings, resolutions and other documents produced, which allowed us to identify which form they used to contribute to the dynamics of policy formulation in addition to other actions. The field research, initially carried out by direct observation, favored the identification of the Group s daily actions, which helped in the analyzes. A listening channel was also opened by conducting semi-structured interviews with the subjects involved, both from civil society and the government, which allowed for a better approximation of reality, as well as understanding various aspects developed by the Group based on the speeches. The set of instruments used contributed to the systematization of the data collected and the analysis of the speeches, allowing to draw a panorama composed of results and proposals arising from the action developed by the Group, revealing that the effectiveness of the participatory process requires a set of efforts to be performed both by society civil society regarding the subjects involved within public agencies in the development of democratic management. It is hoped that this research can contribute to strengthen other democratic practices so important to defend the rights of the population, including the right to participate directly in public administration, as well as expand knowledge through academic production that reveals important points of the citizen practice that seal civil society, in actions aimed at formulating public policies, which in this study, in particular, are also focused on socio-environmental issues.

[pt] A dissertação pretende investigar elementos da tensão entre burocracia e democracia, tendo por base a sociologia de Max Weber e perspectivas críticas da filosofia contemporânea, como é o caso das reflexões sobre o princípio político do Comum – que, na literatura de Christian Laval e Pierre Dardot, propõe uma revisitação da participação social na organização dos serviços públicos. Parte-se inicialmente da percepção de que, se de um lado a burocracia ainda é entendida como um imperativo de técnica, racionalidade e impessoalidade para a execução estatal das atividades e dos serviços públicos, de outro, é inerente e necessária à sua modelagem uma alienação social e popular. A organização estatal em um aparelho administrativo estruturalmente burocrático, composto em sua maioria por especialistas e técnicos (não eleitos), afasta a coisa pública dos cidadãos - e, assim, convive com o permanente risco de desqualificação da política e de dissipação da legitimidade democrática dos processos de implementação das escolhas relacionadas à gestão dos interesses, utilidades e serviços públicos. Identificado o problema, a pesquisa busca demonstrar que as principais oposições democráticas ao fenômeno da burocratização tecnocrática (sejam elas de matriz liberal/gerencial, no viés da democracia diárquica, da democracia monitória ou da defesa das reformas gerenciais no aparato estatal; sejam as de matriz crítica/social, no viés autogestão anárquica ou da mera abertura de canais participativos dentro da própria burocracia estatal), não trazem propostas suficientemente aptas a contornar o desafio antes descrito. Ao final, defende-se como alternativa para o enfrentamento da disputa entre burocracia e democracia o referencial epistemológico do princípio político do Comum - que, embora também inserido na genealogia do pensamento crítico/social, assenta proposições mais revolucionárias e originais para o problema da participação social nos serviços públicos, sobretudo a partir da práxis instituinte e do autogoverno democrático, como arranjos possíveis para a radicalização de uma estrutura decisória e coletiva fora da esfera estatal. / [en] The thesis intends to investigate elements of the tension between bureaucracy and democracy, based on the sociology of Max Weber and critical perspectives of contemporary philosophy, as is the case of reflections on the political principle of the Common – which, in the literature of Christian Laval and Pierre Dardot, proposes a revisitation of social participation in the organization of public services. It starts, initially, with the perception that, if on the one hand bureaucracy is still understood as an imperative of technique, rationality and impersonality for the state execution of public activities and services, on the other hand, a social and popular alienation is inherent and necessary to its moulding. The state organization in a structurally bureaucratic administrative apparatus, composed mostly of (non-elected) specialists and technicians, distances public affairs from citizens - and, thus, coexists with the permanent risk of political disqualification and dissipation of the democratic legitimacy in the implementation processes of choices related to the management of public interests, utilities and services. Once identified the problem, the research seeks to describe that the main democratic oppositions to the phenomenon of technocratic bureaucratization (whether they are on the liberal/managerial side, defending the diarchic democracy, the watchdog democracy or the managerial reform of the state apparatus; whether they are on the critical/social side, advocating an anarchic self-management system or the mere creation of participatory mechanisms within the state bureaucracy itself) does not present proposals that are sufficiently apt to avoid the challenge described above. In the end, the epistemological framework of the political principle of the Common is defended as an alternative for confronting the dispute between bureaucracy and democracy - which, although also inserted in the genealogy of critical/social thought, establishes more revolutionary and original propositions for the problem of social participation in public services, based, especially, on the instituent praxis and the institution of democratic self-government, as possible arrangements for the radicalization of a decision-making and collective structure out of the state sphere.