Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Os estudos sobre os modos como se constroem as prÃticas de ensino-aprendizagem dos gÃneros textuais em contexto escolar tÃm sido objeto de vÃrios questionamentos. Neste estudo, investigamos a apropriaÃÃo do gÃnero textual carta de reclamaÃÃo, por alunos dos 3Â e 4Â blocos da EducaÃÃo de Jovens e Adultos, participantes e nÃo-participantes de uma sequÃncia didÃtica, matriculados em duas escolas pÃblicas municipais de Teresina-PI, com o objetivo de verificar quais elementos do gÃnero textual em estudo os alunos aprendem por meio de atividades estruturadas para este fim. Foi objetivo nosso tambÃm investigar a influÃncia que os eventos de letramento exercem sobre a apropriaÃÃo da escrita. As turmas selecionadas funcionaram como grupo controle e experimental. No primeiro, a produÃÃo escrita aconteceu como uma das atividades feitas pelo professor da turma, ou seja, foi seguido o planejamento da escola. No segundo grupo, atuamos tambÃm com a funÃÃo de professora e desenvolvemos uma sequÃncia didÃtica. ApÃs as anÃlises quantitativas e qualitativas dos textos de ambos os grupos, verificamos que o desenvolvimento do tema, a continuidade tÃpica, os articuladores discursivo-argumentativos, as relaÃÃes discursivas e as modalizaÃÃes tiveram sua aprendizagem facilitada e contribuÃram para a construÃÃo do sentido nas produÃÃes dos alunos do grupo experimental. Tais aspectos nÃo foram constatados nos textos produzidos pelos alunos do grupo controle. Sobre a relaÃÃo entre os eventos de letramento de que os sujeitos participam e a apropriaÃÃo da escrita, constatamos que, quanto mais significativa a participaÃÃo dos sujeitos em eventos de letramento nas suas variadas rotinas comunicativas, mais fluÃncia eles demonstraram na construÃÃo do gÃnero textual em estudo. Do ponto vista mais propriamente teÃrico, o trabalho buscou conjugar contribuiÃÃes dos estudos aplicados voltados para questÃes de ordem didÃtico-pedagÃgica com estudos enunciativo-discursivos, fundados em uma concepÃÃo dialÃgica da linguagem tal qual proposta no pensamento bakhtiniano / Studies on how textual genres teaching-learning practices are built in the classroom have been the object of many questions. In this study, we investigated the appropriation of a complaint letter pattern by students doing the 3rd and 4th semesters on the Youth and Adult Education programme, participating or not in didactic sequences, enrolled in two public municipal schools in Teresina-PI, aiming to identify which elements of textual genres were learnt by using activities designed to this end. Our goal was also to investigate the influence the events of literacy have on the appropriation of writing. The selected classes worked as control and experimental groups. On the former, written production occurred as one of the activities conducted by the teacher, that is, it was done according to school planning. On the latter, we also worked as teachers and developed a didactic sequence. After quantitative and qualitative analyses of the texts from both groups, we verified that theme development, thematic continuity, discursive-argumentative links, discursive relations and modalizations were more easily learnt and contributed to building a meaning in the experimental group studentsâ production. Concerning the relation among the events of literacy in which the subjects take part, we found out that the more significant the subjectsâ participation is in the events of literacy on its varied communicative routines, the more fluency they show on using the textual genre studied. Under a more theoretical point of view, this paper sought to evidence contributions from those applied studies concerning questions that come under didactic-pedagogic heading with enunciative-discursive studies, established on a linguistic dialogic conception as proposed by bakhtinian thinking

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T13:27:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafaela Brandão Alves - 2017.pdf: 1252345 bytes, checksum: a828dc5422d8fbcf43e9315bece9bb0a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T13:27:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafaela Brandão Alves - 2017.pdf: 1252345 bytes, checksum: a828dc5422d8fbcf43e9315bece9bb0a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T13:27:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafaela Brandão Alves - 2017.pdf: 1252345 bytes, checksum: a828dc5422d8fbcf43e9315bece9bb0a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to investigate the possible relations between the concept of letter, proposed by Lacan, and the concept of allegory, as thought of by Benjamin, and thus reflect upon the possibility of dialogue between these two theorists regarding the aesthetics in writing. The main objective, therefore, is to discuss the aesthetics experienced in writing, be it through the reading of a poem or a novel, or through the very act of writing. This discussion will visit two theoretical fields – philosophy and psychoanalysis –, in order to promote agreements and/or disagreements between such theories. The research is theoretical-reflexive, which means there was an analysis work carried out upon a bibliographical basis, where we traced the productions that hold the central concepts to reach the objectives of this discussion, which are letter, in Lacan, and allegory, in Benjamin. Thus, if the experience with writing induces the body in a way that often extrapolates the borders of language and makes us objects of our own experiences, we can deduce that the aesthetics with the letter is granted both in the beginning of the speaker’s life as well as in the productions held by the letter. It can be concluded that if jouissance is what pours out of the inscription of lalangue in the body – inscription that leaves the stroke of the letter as a trace –, it can be thought of in its proximity with the pleasure/pain in the writing of this letter. That reflection leads us to conjecture that this qualitative experience with the letter can be interpreted as an aesthetic experience of jouissance, one that is a consequence of this letter. The allegorical writing thought of by Benjamin meets the writing discussed by Lacan, for both cause the decentralization of the person who opens oneself to the experience, whether with dialectical images or the letter. / O presente trabalho se propõe a investigar as possíveis relações entre o conceito de letra, proposto por Lacan, e o conceito de alegoria, pensado por Benjamin, e, assim, refletir sobre a possibilidade de diálogo entre os dois pensadores com relação à estética na escrita. O objetivo central, portanto, é discutir a estética experienciada na escrita, seja através da leitura de uma poesia ou de um romance, ou no próprio ato de escrita. Esta discussão será realizada visitando campos teóricos diferentes – a filosofia e a psicanálise, – com o intuito de promover encontros e/ou desencontros entre tais teorias. A pesquisa é teórico-reflexiva, o que significa dizer que foi feito um trabalho de análise sobre a base bibliográfica, na qual foram rastreadas as produções que abarcam os conceitos centrais para se alcançar os objetivos desta discussão, quais sejam: letra, em Lacan, e alegoria, em Benjamin. Assim, se a experiência com a escrita provoca o corpo de modo a, muitas vezes, extrapolar as bordas da linguagem e fazer-nos objetos de nossas próprias experiências, pode-se inferir que a estética com a letra é franqueada tanto nos primórdios da vida do falante como também nas produções em que a letra é seu suporte. Conclui-se que se o gozo é o que escorre à inscrição de lalíngua no corpo – inscrição que deixa como marca o traço da letra –, ele pode ser pensando em sua proximidade com isso que é prazer/dor da escrita dessa letra. Isso nos leva a conjecturar que essa experiência qualitativa com a letra pode ser interpretada como uma experiência estética do gozo, um gozo consequente dessa letra. A escrita alegórica pensada por Benjamin se encontra com a escrita pensada por Lacan, pois ambas provocam o descentramento daquele que se abre à experiência, seja com as imagens dialéticas, seja com a letra.

No primeiro capítulo da tese após a introdução, intitulado II, realizo um percurso teórico da imagem do corpo próprio nos escritos e seminários iniciais de Lacan, situando R, S e I - o Real, o Simbólico e o Imaginário - em jogo no ser humano. A conclusão deste capítulo introduz os dois conceitos principais que serão trabalhados na tese: o objeto ( a ) e o traço unário, considerando o traço unário como um traço do Outro simbólico, um traço de identificação não imaginária mas simbólica e o objeto como o real, não-especular. Aborda-se a importância do seminário A angústia de Lacan para a formulação da importância do conceito do traço e de ( a ) para a compreensão de RSI essencial para a abordagem da esquizofrenia e do autismo. A partir do esquema óptico utilizado por Lacan para abordar a constituição da imagem do corpo no ser humano, assim como a estruturação de RSI a partir da perda de uma parte do corpo próprio, de uma perda de gozo estruturante do ser humano, teço algumas considerações sobre os esquemas ópticos que poderíamos encontrar no caso do autismo e da esquizofrenia, a partir da articulação entre significante e corpo. Á partir dos estudos de M-C Laznik proponho situar o autismo, a partir da falha na impressão da marca do gozo do Outro a qual permite a inscrição do erotismo, à base da construção do narcisismo e do estabelecimento de um Outro no circuito pulsional. O autismo é, então, situado em relação a uma falha da inscrição do Outro primordial impedindo o tempo da inscrição total do Significante do Outro, da alienação no Significante do Outro Simbólico, da marcação pelo Outro, e da posterior Separação, não existente no Autismo. Por outro lado, na Esquizofrenia, situo a inscrição do Outro, do significante do Outro, da marca do Gozo do Outro, mas não há a inscrição da ausência da marca do Outro necessária para sair do lugar de objeto do Gozo do Outro (consultar o restante na tese) / This work discusses autism and schizophrenia based on two key concepts of this thesis: the object (a) and the unary trait trait of the Other. We try to account for a unique relationship of the autist to the signifier, a failure to incorporate the primordial signifier of the Other. We distinguish the autistic, who has not incorporated the mark of the jouissance of the Other, who has not incorporated the primordial signifier, and the schizophrenic, who has incorporated the mark of the jouissance of the Other, but is not able to use established discourses to build his/her own body, to name his/her own body. There is the possibility of constructions around the Sxs+ jouissance to label, no name, instead of the discourses in default. We distinguish schizophrenia strategies through an effort of placement of jouissance by the letter, and autistic strategies through an effort of placement of jouissance on the rim, on the boards

Neste trabalho, analisamos a adjetivação em 10 cartas de leitores que foram publicadas no periódico anarquista La Battaglia, escrito em língua italiana e que circulou em São Paulo de 1904 a 1913. O jornal referido é uma fonte de notável relevância para estudos de imigração, anarquismo e língua italiana, pois era escrito por imigrantes italianos e evidenciava as posições políticas de um grupo, os anarquistas. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, inicialmente realizamos uma pesquisa em todos os exemplares do jornal La Battaglia, que constam em papel, microficha e microfilme, no Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth (AEL), na Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Posteriormente selecionamos 10 cartas publicadas nos anos de 1906 a 1912. Escolhemos analisar o gênero textual carta do leitor por ser diferente dos outros gêneros publicados no jornal, e sendo escrito por leitores, é rico em adjetivação, revelando grande subjetividade. Transcrevemos as cartas a fim de facilitar a leitura, e a partir dessa transcrição, realizamos a análise. Em cada carta fizemos um levantamento dos adjetivos qualificativos e analisamos: a formação dos adjetivos considerando os processos morfológicos, sintáticos e semânticos envolvidos, os prefixos e os sufixos dos adjetivos derivados, a função e a posição dos adjetivos nas frases e os efeitos de objetividade e subjetividade que eles exercem no texto. Com os dados obtidos, entre outros aspectos importantes, foi possível expor a predominância dos adjetivos derivados, a importância da sufixação para a formação de adjetivos e a significativa presença da subjetividade nas cartas. / This is a work in which the adjectivation containing in 10 readers letters published in La Battaglia an anarchist periodical written in Italian language and that was read in São Paulo from 1904 up to 1913 were analysed. Due to the fact that is was written by Italian immigrants with different political points of view, the anarchists, the journal is a source of remarkable importance for immigration and Italian language studies. For us to achieve our goals a research was made involving all samples of La Battaglia journal, in paper, microindex and microfilm located in Edgard Leuenroth (AEL) Files, at University of Campinas. Afterwards 10 letters published from 1906 to 1912 were selected. The kind of text closen to be analysed was the one written by the reader for the fast of being rich in adjectivation, reavealing a lot of subjectivity. It is quite different from the texts published by the journals. The letters were trancripted so as te make the reading easier and from this transcription on, analyses were accomplished. A survey and analysis of qualifying adjectives was performed in each letter. The points analysed were: the forming of adjectives considering morphological, syntactic, and semantic processes involved, the prefixes and suffixes of derivative adjectives in the sentences, your function and position, as well as the objectivity and subjectivity they exert in a text. Through the data basis obtained, among other important aspects, it was possible to expose the predominance of derivative adjectives, along with suffixes for adjectives formation and the significant subjectivity contained in letters.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T18:34:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação para impressão [secretaria] com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 435607 bytes, checksum: e6f83bf2707c051b27a8870722fab010 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-23T14:21:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação para impressão [secretaria] com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 435607 bytes, checksum: e6f83bf2707c051b27a8870722fab010 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T14:21:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação para impressão [secretaria] com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 435607 bytes, checksum: e6f83bf2707c051b27a8870722fab010 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho analisa, com o auxílio das ferramentas teóricas da Semiótica do Discurso, a construção do sentido no conto “Uma carta”, do escritor carioca Sérgio Sant'Anna. A Semiótica busca descrever o processo da significação manifestado nos textos, que são compreendidos como totalidades de sentido. Para empreender a análise textual, a teoria propõe um modelo teórico composto por três níveis hierarquizados em diferentes graus de complexidade e abstração: o fundamental, o narrativo e o discursivo. A análise, aqui empreendida, concentra-se no nível discursivo do percurso, através da observação de como se projetam as categorias de pessoa, espaço e tempo e como se organizam os temas e figuras no conto. O conto, escrito em um formato de carta, narra as lembranças e fantasias da narradora Beatriz, após um único e intenso encontro sexual com Carlos, destinatário da carta. O objetivo geral da análise consiste em compreender como se orquestra essa narrativa em que se tematiza e discute o processo da escrita / This paper analyses, through the Semiotics of the Discourse theory, the sense building in Sérgio Sant’Anna’s short story “Uma carta”. The Semiotics theory looks forward to describe the meaning process manifested in texts. Those are understood as a sensse’s totality. This theory proposes a theoric model containing three hierarquical levels in different levels of abstraction and compleity: fundamental, narrative and discoursive. the present analysis focuses on the discoursive level while observing how the person, space and time’s categories well as themes and figures are organized in the short story. Sant’Anna’s short story is written as if it were a letter. It narrates Beatriz’s fantasies, and memories after a single sexual date with Carlos, to whom the letter is adressed to. The letter’s main aim is to comprehend how this narrative, in which the writing process is discussed and analysed on it’s themes, is built

Ce travail constitue une approche pluri- et interdisciplinaire des phénomènes épistolaires dans le cinéma de fiction de 1940 à nos jours. Depuis ses débuts, le cinéma a intégré la lettre et représenté la relation épistolaire. Après l’avènement du parlant, la lettre est véritablement devenue un objet audiovisuel prisé des cinéastes. Ces derniers ont continué de la mettre en scène en inventant, chaque fois, de nouvelles modalités expressives. D’un côté, le cinéma donne à voir et à entendre les caractéristiques de l’épistolaire ; de l’autre, la lettre détermine une certaine esthétique tout en influant sur l’énonciation et le sens du film. En tant que support médiatique, elle génère des processus d’écriture, de lecture et d’acheminement spécifiques. Par ailleurs, elle déploie un réseau d’adresses visibles et audibles qui engage une relation particulière avec le spectateur. Ces différents phénomènes contaminent le film à un niveau symbolique, la matérialité et l’adresse ne se réduisant pas à leur acception première. La lettre engage donc à réfléchir aux enchevêtrements complexes liés à sa représentation, à son énonciation et à sa signification dans le film de fiction. / This work is a pluri- and interdisciplinary approach to epistolary phenomena in movies from 1940 to today. Since its earliest days, cinema has integrated the letter motif and depicted the epistolary process. As talking movies emerged, letters became genuine audiovisual objects cherished by film-makers.They have continued to use this motif by inventing ever new expressive terms. On the one hand, cinema allows us to see and hear the characteristics of epistolarity; on the other hand, the letter motif establishes particular aesthetics while influencing the discourse and meaning of the movie. As a medium, the letter motif generates specific writing, reading and delivering processes. It also develops a network of visible and audible addresses, which fuels a particular relationship with the spectator. These phenomena contaminate the movie on a symbolic level as the materiality and address of the letter stand for more than their primary signification. The letter motif thus leads us to think about complex interconnections involving its representation, discourse and meaning in movies.

Abstract The two rhetorical approaches to Finnish Lapland are the mythical and the miserable produced in the realms of tourism and politics respectively. The locals comply with neither. In this research the notion of beauty is used in seeking to understand how life is perceived as good-enough by particular villagers of a remote northern village. The scope of this research is novel theoretically and methodologically. The combination of everyday life aesthetics and education outside of institutional art education is rare and the method of data collection, collective correspondence, is created for the purposes of this research. Education is approached in this research as our perpetual growing in everyday life. Education and aesthetics receive support from sociology and human geography as well as environmental ethics. The theoretical frame leans on Ludwig Wittgenstein's notions of language use: language is woven into the actions of ordinary life, used not only to describe but to act on and transform the world. The objectives of this research in brief are to 1) complement art-centered definitions of the notion of beauty, 2) argue for the significance of diversity of habitable places, and 3) to contribute positively to the prevailingly negative research rhetoric on life in northern Finnish villages. These objectives are tackled with research tasks unfolding as descriptive, interpretative and methodological respectively: 1) of what kind is perceived beauty in everyday life led in a small northern village? 2) What is the significance of considering beauty in everyday life? 3) What kind of data does correspondence yield on perceived beauty? There are four women participating in this research. They exchanged letters on the topic of everyday beauty once a month for a year. Together they comprise a group that varies in ages, education, employment, family structures and the length of stay in the village. What they share is a view of their home village as a good-enough place to live in. The main data consists of 44 letters supplemented by 10 interviews. The letters have been read as one correspondence and as four individual sets of letters. Recurring themes, the temporal and spatial evolving of them as well as the performative aspects of writing have been addressed. Beauty has been found to reside in an iterative linguistic process rather than fixed in objects or even themes. Beauty articulates condensations of significant relations the perceiving individual holds in her life. As such beauty in everyday life is relational, active and pertains to steering of one's life. The ability to relate to the environment in which you live in a personally meaningful and creative way is found to be facilitated by an environment of diversity. Rather than keeping the rural North habited I argue for ensuring that it is habitable for those who wish to live there. This means realizing that people craft good-enough lives in different ways relative to their everyday life environments. / Tiivistelmä Lapista puhutaan kahdella tavalla, joista kumpikaan ei tavoita täysin lappilaisten itsensä arkikokemusta: Lappia värittää paikkana joko myyttisyys tai kurjuus. Näitä kahta kuvaa ylläpitävät pääasiassa turismi ja politiikka. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytetään ilmausta "kaunis" yritettäessä ymmärtää elämää pohjoisessa pienkylässä riittävän hyväksi koettuna. Tutkimus on sekä teoreettisesti että metodologisesti monitieteinen ja uutta luova. Arjen estetiikan ja kasvatustieteen yhdistäminen taidekasvatuksen sisältöalueen ulkopuolella on harvinaista. Tutkimuksessa on käytetty aineistonkeruumenetelmänä kirjeenvaihtoa, ja erityisesti sen kollektiivista muotoa, joka on kehitetty tätä tutkimusta varten. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kasvatustieteen avulla arkeen kietoutuvaa kasvua ihmisenä. Sosiologia, kulttuurimaantiede ja ympäristöetiikka täydentävät kasvatustiedettä ja estetiikkaa. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys nojaa Ludwig Wittgensteinin huomioihin kielen käytöstä arjessa. Kieli on kietoutunut arjen toimintoihin ja on käytössä paitsi maailman kuvaamisessa myös sen muuttamisessa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteet ovat lyhyesti: 1) laajentaa "kauniin" taidemaailmaan nojautuvaa määrittelyä, 2) argumentoida ihmisen elinympäristöjen monimuotoisuuden puolesta sekä 3) täydentää lähtökohtaisesti positiivisella tutkimusotteella pohjoisen pienkylien elämästä tuotettua pääosin negatiivista tutkimusretoriikkaa. Tavoitteita lähestytään kolmella tutkimustehtävällä, jotka jakaantuvat kuvailevaksi, tulkinnalliseksi ja metodologiseksi. Tutkimustehtävät ovat: 1) minkälaista on kaunis pohjoisen pienkylän arjessa? 2) Mitä merkitystä on kauniin pohtimisella arjessa? 3) Minkälaista aineistoa kirjeenvaihto tuottaa kauneudesta? Tutkimukseen on osallistunut neljä naista. Jokainen heistä on kirjoittanut kirjeitä kauneudesta arjessaan ja vaihtanut kirjeitä kerran kuussa vuoden ajan. Naisten iät, koulutustaustat, työllisyystilanteet, perherakenteet sekä kylässä asuttu aika vaihtelevat. Heitä yhdistää näkemys kotikylästään riittävän hyvänä asuinpaikkana. Tutkimuksen pääasiallinen aineisto koostuu 44 kirjeestä, joita täydentää kymmenen haastattelua. Kirjeaineisto on luettu sekä yhtenä kirjeenvaihtona että neljänä osana, kunkin osallistujan kirjeet erikseen. Kirjeistä on tavoiteltu toistuvia teemoja ja näiden ajallista ja tilallista muotoutumista. Lisäksi kirjoituksia on pohdittu harkittuina esityksinä. Kaunis on todettu jatkuvaksi itseään korjaavaksi kielelliseksi prosessiksi sen sijaan, että se olisi paikantunut kiinteästi esineisiin, asioihin tai edes teemoihin. Arjen kaunis kiinnittyy kunkin elämässä merkityksellisiin suhteisiin. Kielellisenä prosessina kaunis ilmentää aktiivista ja luovaa toimijuutta ja liittyy elämän ohjailemiseen. Monimuotoisuus tukee kykyä muodostaa ja tiedostaa merkityksellisiä ja luovia suhteita elinympäristöön. Sen sijaan, että tutkimuksessa argumentoitaisiin pohjoisten kylien asuttamisen puolesta tutkimus esittää että pienkylien asuttavuus tulisi turvata sellaisille jotka haluavat asua kylissä. Tämä edellyttää ymmärrystä siitä, että ihmiset tekevät elämästään riittävän hyvää laadullisesti eri tavoilla erilaisissa ympäristöissä.

[pt] Esta tese investiga o discurso da emoção na interação cliente-empresa a partir da análise de cartas de clientes dirigidas a um plano de saúde sob a ótica da teoria da polidez e da antropologia das emoções. Considerando a emoção um construto cultural e uma prática discursiva, este estudo observou que o cumprimento e a quebra de direitos e obrigações dos participantes (cliente e empresa) influencia a expressão da emoção ao mesmo tempo em que aponta aspectos da cultura brasileira na interação burocrática investigada. / [en] This thesis investigates the discourse of emotion in business interaction through the analysis of letters from clients addressed to a health plan. To this purpose, it uses the framework derived from politeness theory and from the anthropology of emotions. Given that emotion is a cultural artifact and a discursive practice, this study has observed that the fulfillment or the break of the rights and duties of participants (both clients and company) affects the expression of emotion at the same time that it reveals aspects of Brazilian culture in the interaction analysed.

This study investigates Mark’s involvement in the writing of 1 Peter in light of the practice of first century letter writing. Many scholars argue that 1 Peter originated from within a Petrine group in Rome that included Silvanus and Mark, ignoring the possibility that Peter might have employed an amanuensis while composing his epistle, a prominent practice of first century letter writers. By contrast, a considerable number of scholars contend that 1 Peter was penned by an amanuensis, appealing to the reference in 1 Pet 5:12, Dia. Silouanou/ u`mi/n tou/ pistou/ avdelfou/( w`j logi,zomai( diV ovli,gwn e;graya, and identifying Silvanus as its amanuensis. However, the Greco-Roman epistolary evidence shows that the formula gra, fw dia, tinoj identified only the letter-carrier. This work explores Mark’s involvement in composing 1 Peter from five angles by means of a historical and comparative approach. The five criteria are the dominant practice of using an amanuensis in first-century letter writing, the noteworthy employment of an amanuensis by Paul as a contemporary of Peter, historical connections, linguistic connections, and literary connections. Chapter 2 surveys the major proposals regarding the authorship of 1 Peter. Chapter 3 examines first century letter writing and presents the findings as a practical and supportive background for this work. The role of an amanuensis in Greco-Roman antiquity was classified as a transcriber, contributor, and composer. An amanuensis’ role as a contributor was the most common in Greco-Roman antiquity. Chapter 4 explores the process of Paul’s letter writing in light of first century letter writing, with regard to Peter’s employment of an amanuensis. It is most likely that Paul and Peter allowed an amanuensis to have a free hand if he was a gifted and a trusted colleague of them. This probability is supported by the instances that Cicero, Atticus, Quintus, and Alexander the Great employed their amanuenses as contributors. Chapter 5 investigates the close relationship between Peter and Mark through their ministry based on 1 Pet 5:13 and the references to Mark in the early church, including Papias’ note reported by Eusebius, and presents these as evidence of a historical connection between two individuals. Chapter 6 explores the syntactic correlation, the distinctive features of terminology, and the significant and frequent use of w`j for a simile between 1 Peter and Mark’s Gospel and presents them as possible evidence with the implication of linguistic connections between them. Chapter 7 examines the common Old Testament quotations (allusions) in 1 Peter and the Gospel of Mark and their conflated and integrated use of the OT and presents them as possible evidence implying a literary connection between them. 1 Peter and Mark’s Gospel outstandingly emphasize the suffering of Christ and apply the imagery of the rejected stone of Ps 118 (LXX 117):22 and that of the suffering servant of Isa 53 to His suffering. This work concludes that Mark was the contributive amanuensis for 1 Peter with Peter allowing more than a free hand in the composition. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / New Testament Studies / PhD / unrestricted

This dissertation presents a thick ethnography that engages in the micro-analysis of the situationality of black middle-class collective identification processes through an examination of performances by members of the nine historically black sororities and fraternities at Atlanta Greek Picnic, an annual festival that occurs at the beginning of June in Atlanta, Georgia. It mainly attracts undergraduate and graduate members of these university-based organizations, as they exist all over the United States. This exploration of black Greek-letter organization (BGLO) performances uncovers processes through which young black middle-class individuals attempt to combine two universes that are at first glance in complete opposition to each other: the domain of the traditional black middle-class values with representations and fashions stemming from black popular culture. These constructions also attempt to incorporate—in a contradiction of sorts— black popular cultural elements in the objective to deconstruct the social conservatism that characterizes middle-class values, particularly in relation to sexuality and its representation in social behaviors and performances. This negotiation between prescribed v middle-class values of respectability and black popular culture provides a space wherein black individuals challenge and/or perpetuate those dominant tropes through identity performances that feed into the formation of black sexual politics, which I examine through a variety of BGLO staged and non-staged performances.