據報載，建國中學學生自殺事件頻繁，十一年內多達七件案例，震撼國內教育當局，也讓社會大眾開始重視資優生的心理輔導與壓力調適問題。自殺事件的報導在近年來逐漸受到重視，又以被冠以「名校」光環的建國中學、台灣大學等校學生自殺事件受到矚目。 依據國外新聞學界對新聞價值的各種界定，資優生的自殺事件符合「顯著性（prominence）」以及「不尋常性（unusualness）」，自殺者的身分會成為媒體特別關注的焦點，國外研究也指出，影劇界或政治界的名人自殺容易造成模仿，新聞媒體的報導抉擇點也是出自於新聞價值的判斷與選擇。 根據國內學者研究，媒體對資優教育及資優生的認知仍有待加強，通常只要是就讀明星學校或學業表現較佳的學生，就會被媒體冠上「資優生」的標籤。然而這些學生確實「資優」嗎？ 本研究論文將藉由分析國內四大報對於「資優生」自殺事件的新聞，了解我國報紙媒體是否在「資優生」的正確認知上進行報導，探究媒體報導的正確比率；同時，也將分析報紙媒體如何報導「資優生」自殺事件，以及報紙媒體如何報導其自殺原因？而報導中有無汙名化、標籤化或刻板印象的敘述？本論文將使用內容分析法，針對國內四大報近十一年（2003-2014）內的新聞內容進行內容分析，分別從「新聞報導觀點」、「自殺原因」、「自殺者形象報導」以及「資優生形象報導」探究自殺事件的報導，深入研究自殺新聞文本並逐步回答研究問題，探討報紙新聞如何報導自殺事件及呈現方式，以及如何再現自殺事件。

In October 2017, the actor Alyssa Milano announced a wish that all women who, in some way, have been sexually abused would answer their tweets with the words "me too". Almost a day later, #metoo breaks into Swedish social media. There are testimonies of countless of sexual harassments and abuse both from known, unknown and anonymous women who testify to the breadth of the major problem that came to be resembled as a revolution within the next few days. During the news reporting in connection with the campaign we discovered how the Swedish media generally showed differences in how suspected offenders were portrayed in the media. Using formulated analysis tools dramaturgical narrative techniques and criteria for newsworthiness from theories of media logic and theories of news value, we aim to investigate how one of the largest newspapers in Sweden, Expressen, choose to figure suspected perpetrators into sexual offenses in the context of the #metoo campaign. Our main research question is; “How do suspected offenders appear in Expressen's reporting of #metoo in relation to certain dramaturgic narrative techniques?” and “How are some suspects perpetrated in Expressen's reporting of #metoo in relation to certain news value criteria?” With a qualitative content analysis we examined a total of 20 articles and identified results that indicate that the suspected perpetrators according to our interpretation are expressed in the Expressens news reporting in such a way that they are to be perceived as guilty to the crime they're accused for. By identifying our chosen news value criteria in the empirical material which our study is based on, our interpretation is that there's a high news value of reporting suspected offenders in context of the #metoo campaign. The result of our study aims at contributing knowledge about how suspicious perpetrators are portrayed in cases of crime in the media. During our literature review, we found that the research previously conducted on media and crime is primarily about how the victim is portrayed in the media. With our study we want to contribute to the knowledge of how suspected perpetrators are portrayed, which can raise the awareness of how the media through different dramatic storytelling techniques and news evaluation criteria can shape news in different ways.

Följande studie undersöker hur Expressen har gestaltat våldtäktsfall med okänd gärningsman. Sex artiklar publicerade mellan 90-talet och 10-talet analyseras med syfte att undersöka om gestaltningen har förändrats över tid i en av Sveriges största kvällstidningar. På så sätt kan studien bidra till ökad förståelse för huruvida svensk kvällspress förstärker eller utmanar samhällsuppfattningar om vem som är en potentiell gärningsman och vem som får status som offer. Som metod tillämpas en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som genomförs med utgångspunkt i gestaltningsteorin, teorin om nyhetsvärdering, det ideala offret och medielogikens dramaturgi. Artiklarna analyseras utefter fem teman: rubrik, ingress, miljö, gärningsman och offer. Studiens resultat visar att en förändring har skett från ett subjektivt och väl detaljerat narrativ till ett mer objektivt och aktsamt narrativ i Expressens nyhetsrapportering. Studien visar även att Expressen på 90-talet har gestaltat ideala gärningsmän genom monstruösa beskrivningar. Gradvis har en förändring skett, där gärningsmannen på senare år gestaltas som gemene man. Förändringarna i Expressens gestaltning tyder på att dagens gestaltning förmedlar en bred bild av vem som kan bli ett offer och vem som är benägen att utföra en våldtäkt.

The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine and analyze the news valuetheory and framing of news regarding child sexual abuse. The researchquestions for this study were:What changes can be found in the use of evocative language in crimejournalism regarding cases of sexual abuse towards children?Are there any clear differences in the language used when investigating theperspectives of objective, sensational and local journalism?The study has been conducted via a quantitative analysis, analyzing 1460articles, from three different newspapers archives. From 1994 up until 2020.The newspapers in the analysis are three Swedish newspapers, Aftonbladet,Dagens Nyheter and Barometern. To arrive at my conclusion, I measured thefrequency of a selected group of evocative words, measuring across the threenewspapers how often the words occurred as well as during what timeperiods.Through the analysis I found that Swedish newspapers, no matter theirdirection towards sensationalism, kept a neutral and objective tone regardingchild sexual abuse in most cases. With not so many cases of purely evocativewords.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é analisar o impacto das redes sociais no jornalismo. Constatamos o processo de transformação do jornalismo em rede para a jornalismo plataformizado, com a transposição da notícia para o sistema de funcionamento das plataformas que, por sua vez, se apropriam, desagregam e redistribuem as notícias de maneira personalizada para os usuários pelo uso de algoritmos. Ainda sem conseguir encontrar uma solução financeira para se inserir neste novo ecossistema midiático, os jornais se adaptam ao domínio das plataformas digitais, assumindo uma posição resumida pelo presidente da Associação Nacional de Jornais, Marcelo Rech, como Too Big to Boycott (grande demais para boicotar). A expressão foi tão representativa do que observamos que escolhemos como título desta dissertação. Apresentamos os diversos desafios pelos quais passam as organizações jornalísticas, em suas diversas camadas. A sociedade, impactada pelas novas tecnologias, passa por mudanças estruturais e o jornalismo, como uma instituição social, também se transforma. O objeto empírico foi o jornal O Globo. Fizemos um percurso pelo processo de digitalização do jornal desde a estreia do site em 1996 até 2019. Com foco na atuação nas redes sociais, realizamos uma observação participante das rotinas produtivas na redação. Utilizamos as técnicas de pesquisas qualitativa e quantitativa, para levantarmos e analisarmos os critérios de noticiabilidade utilizados pelos jornalistas na seleção das notícias para o Facebook e o Instagram. Exploramos tanto os elementos intrínsecos – os valores-notícia – quanto os valores extrínsecos aqueles que estavam presentes no processo escolha. / [en] The objective of this master s thesis is to analyze the impact of social media on journalism. We perceived the process of transforming network journalism into platform journalism, with the transposition of the news to the operating system of the platforms that, in turn, appropriate, disaggregate and redistribute the news in a personalized way for users through the use of algorithms. Still unable to find a financial solution to insert themselves in this new media ecosystem, newspapers adapt to the domain of digital platforms, assuming a position summarized by the president of the National Association of Newspapers, Marcelo Rech, as Too Big to Boycott. The expression was so representative of what we observed that we chose it as the title of this work. We present the different challenges undergone by journalistic organizations, in their different layers. Society, impacted by new technologies, goes through structural changes and journalism, as a social institution, follows suit. The empirical object was the newspaper O Globo. We took a journey through the digitalization process of the newspaper from the website s debut in 1996 until 2019. Focusing on social media, we made a participant observation of the productive routines in the newsroom. We made use of the techniques of qualitative and quantitative research to survey and analyze the news criteria used by journalists in the selection of news for Facebook and Instagram. We explored both the intrinsic elements - the news values - and the extrinsic values to those that were present in the selection process.

台灣報業因為外在環境的變遷，廣告資源遭瓜分，在資源競爭日趨激烈的情況下，新聞生產過程逐漸改變。本研究首先就媒介特性分析組織內部的不確定性，商業邏輯與新聞專業的衝突，再探討市場導向新聞學以及新聞小報化的興起，如何影響新聞價值的轉變。 而在這樣的轉變過程中，新聞工作者一方面要堅守新聞專業，一方面又要顧及組織目標，內心充滿矛盾與掙扎，但在形勢比人強的情況下，新聞專業裡的「好新聞」已逐漸流失，現在的「好新聞」幾乎與「好生意」同意涵了。因此，新聞產製權，也已逐漸從編採部門手中，轉交行銷業務部門。 / Owing to advertisement resources are divided and competitions are keen，the news production process came through a gradual change in Taiwanese press. Firstly，this paper explores the modus operandi of media which is influenced by the uncertainty of the organization and conflicts between business consideration and news professionalism. Furthermore，the development of market–driving journalism and tabloidization of news deeply affect the journalists' news values. Secondly，facing these changes， journalists not only try to abide by traditional news professionalism but also concern about organizations' aim of seeking the maximum of profits. Situated in such a ambivalent circumstance，there is much more struggle in Taiwanese journalists' minds. However，the market–driving force is so strong which has made the definition of 「good journalism」 change in nowadays news professionalism. As a consequence，in the meantime，「good journalism」 almost means 「good business.」

Syfte – Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på vad det finns för skillnad på källkritiken hos två olika åldersgrupper, samt undersöka hur man värderar nyheter i digitala och analoga medier. Metod – Studiens ansats har varit kvalitativ, där metoderna intervju och deltagande observation har använts för datainsamlingen. Resultat – Resultatet av studien visar att det inte finns några större skillnader på hur källkritisk de olika grupperna är, men deras sätt att granska källor varierar. I resultatet går det tydligt att se att förtroendet för analoga medier är större än för digitalamedier. Implikationer – Studiens generaliserbarhet är begränsad då majoriteten av intervjuerna har skett i samma geografiska område, Jönköping. Begränsningar – Den begränsade mängden tid att genomföra studien har påverkat slutresultatet. / Purpose – The purpose of the study has been to find the differences when it comes to source criticism for two different age groups, and to look into how they value news in digital and analogue media. Method – The pursuit of the study has been qualitative, where the methods interview and participant observation has been used to collect data. Findings – The results of the study show that there are no big differences when it comes to source criticism for the different age groups, but their ways of criticise sources varies. In the result you can clearly see that the faith in analogue media is larger thandigital media. Implications – Due to the fact that all the interviews took place in the same geographical area, Jönköping, the generalizability has been limited. Limitations – The limited time table for the study has inflicted on the result of the study.

The aim of this study was to explore how the Black Lives Matter movement was constructed on Instagram by American television channels the week after George Floyd was killed. The purpose was to answer the following questions; (1) What proportion of the posts were dedicated to the Black Lives Matter movement during the chosen week? (2) How was George Floyd and Derek Chauvin portrayed on the media ́s Instagram? (3) What words and images were used to describe the Black Lives Matter movement? (4) What similarities and differences can be found between the channels ́ portrayals of the Black Lives Matter movement? The approach chosen was a multi-method research, thus using a both qualitative and quantitative design. Based on this method 112 Instagram posts uploaded between May 27th and June 2nd, 2020 were analyzed. CNN, Fox News and MSNBC are the largest news channels in the United States and therefore chosen for this study. Our study concluded that the overall presentation of the Black Lives Matter movement was positive, in terms of the total reporting from all three channels. Observing the channels separately, CNN and MSNBC mostly portrayed it positively, while Fox News mostly negatively. According to our analysis, the reason why the posts could be perceived in this way was based on the words used and images displayed. The words death, looter, and violence provided a negative understanding of the situation. Whereas the words such as loving, solidarity and freedom created a positive appearance. Overall the study found that the proportion of reporting on Black Lives Matter was vast in comparison to other news stories on all three channels. However, one of the substantial differences between them was the portrayal of the offender Derek Chauvin and the victim George Floyd.

News value assessment has been done forever in the news media industry and is today often done in real-time without any documentation. Editors take a lot of different qualitative aspects into consideration when deciding what news stories will make it to the first page. This thesis explores how the complex news value assessment process can be translated into a quantitative model, and also how those news values can be predicted in an effective way using machine learning and NLP. Two models for news value were constructed, for which the correlation between modeled and manual news values was measured, and the results show that the more complex model gives a higher correlation. For prediction, different types of features are extracted, Random Forest and SVM are used, and the predictions are evaluated with accuracy, F1-score, RMSE, and MAE. Random Forest shows the best results for all metrics on all datasets, the best result being on the largest dataset, probably due to the smaller datasets having a less even distribution between classes.

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