11 |
後冷戰時期中共對美政策之研究(1991-2001)胡喬治, Hu, George Unknown Date (has links)
崛起中的中國大陸,對國際政治、經濟秩序而言,是一個日趨重要的影響因素。尤其是對美外交為中共對外政策之主軸,其重要性實不言可喻,深具研究價值。
研究中共對美外交政策,可以發現在政策演變的過程中,其對美政策取向與內涵係因應內外環境的轉變及美中的互動關係而逐漸形成。因此,經由中共美外交政策的系統研究,可進一步掌握其政策思維與運作內涵,正確分析影響其外交政策的要素,以瞭解其發展與演變之脈絡。
基此,本文的研究目的在於:
一、闡明中共外交形成的因素,無論是在宏觀層面,諸如國內外環境因素導致中共外交理論與原則的改變、決策過程機制以及參與程度與範圍之變化;配合微觀層次決策者所起的作用,以檢視中共外交政策內涵,以瞭解其發展與演變。
二、經由中共與美國互動情形,分由政治、經濟、軍事、涉台外交等層面分析雙方關係內涵,以論證中共對美外交政策之發展與特質。
三、由於雙邊關係日趨密切,合作範圍與領域日增,因此經由雙邊互動模式之探討,以展望雙邊關係未來的可能發展。
四、「台灣問題」在雙邊關係的重要性日增,美中關係有可能因為「台灣問題」而面臨嚴峻的挑戰,因此格外值得探討。
經由上述議題之探討,本文歸納了影響美中關係的可能因素,並對政策的持續面與演變面加以探討,最後並提出美中關係未來發展之看法,作為本文之總結。 / China, as a rising power, is a factor with growing impact that affects international politics and economic order. Being at the core of its foreign policy, China’s US policy is of great importance and worth a close look.
By examining China’s foreign policy regarding the US, we can find that China shapes the orientation and content of its US policy in accordance with changes in domestic and international circumstances and in US-China interactions. Therefore, by studying China’s US policy systematically, we can further understand its policy reasoning and course of implementation, analyze correctly the influential factors, and hence obtain a clear view of the context of its policy forming.
Therefore, the purposes of the article are:
1.To elucidate influences upon China’s foreign policy, including macroscopic aspects such as domestic and international circumstances that caused China’s adjustment in the theory and principles of its foreign policy, and variations in policy-making mechanism and the extent of involvement, along with microscopic aspects such as the impact from policy makers. This is to look into the content of China’s foreign policy in order to acquire a clear picture of its development.
2.Via examining the interactions between China and the US, to analyze the China-US relation from aspects of politics, economy, military and Taiwan affairs. This is to find out the course of development and characteristics of China’s US policy.
3.With links between China and Taiwan growing stronger and scope and fields of collaboration increasing, to anticipate the possible development in cross-strait relations by studying patterns of bilateral interactions.
4.With the “Taiwan Issue” being of growing impact upon bilateral relations, the China-US relations can be serious challenged by the issue, and is therefore worth a close investigation.
By exploring the above issues, the article catalogues possible factors that will affect China-US relations, observes the potential continuity and alteration of the policy, and finally concludes with a prospect of future China-US relations.
|
12 |
能源安全與中共外交政策 / Energy Security and China's Foreign Policy劉淑慧, Liou, Shwu Huo Unknown Date (has links)
中共改革開放後,經濟快速發展,能源需求高漲。自 1993 年成為石油淨進口國,石油消費量不斷擴大,產量卻無法大幅提升,石油供給不足的缺口正逐步擴大,對進口原油的依賴成為中共國家安全的潛在威脅。因此中共試圖以國有石油企業「走出去」到海外投資的能源外交政策,以達成供應安全、油源多元化目標。
本文以政治經濟途徑分析中共能源外交政策的發展,探討中共政府如何形成側重能源供應面的石油戰略,何以藉由國有石油企業海外投資做為政策工具,而發展出來的能源外交政策。如何推動能源外交政策以保證石油供應安全?中共能源外交活動究竟取得什麼樣的成果?又將面臨多大的挑戰?透過這幾個研究問題的驗證,本文認為中共能源外交活動以國家安全為主軸,以政府力量扶持三大石油企業海外投資活動,在某種程度上是代表國家力量的擴張,儼然成為國際能源體系不安全的因素,導致無法確保石油供應安全。未來中共能源安全策略雖仍以國家安全、經濟民族主義為基調,但可預見中共將更加積極參與國際能源貿易活動與國際能源組織,建構具有中國特色的能源外交政策。
關 鍵 詞:能源、能源安全、石油安全、中共外交、能源外交
英文關鍵詞:Energy, Energy Security, Oil Security, China's Foreign Policy , Energy Foreign Policy
|
13 |
中共對聯合國干預制度之政策 / China's policy toward UN's use of intervention許志吉, Hsiu, Chih-Ji Unknown Date (has links)
本論文選擇聯合國最主要採取的三種干預制度:成立國際法庭、部署維和行動、以及實施制裁措施等,透過統計與分析中共在安理會中對於相關決議案的投票記錄與發言記錄,來探討聯合國採取這些干預措施的特性,以及中共對於這些干預制度的政策特性。我們可以發現到,雖然這三種干預制度都各自有不同的憲章依據,其實施對象與運作特徵也都有所差異,但從聯合國的實踐結果來看,這些措施作為安理會處理危及國際和平與安全情勢的工具,是被視為一套整體的實施策略來運用的。同時也發現到,中共的政策作為與策略考量,確實是展現了其所宣稱的「立場堅定,策略靈活」的特性,尤其是到了冷戰結束以後,對於聯合國的干涉議題上,中共的作為開始展現了更多的彈性,亦即對於聯合國干預措施,展現了更大的配合程度,顯現出中共對於這些議題的利弊得失策略已經有所轉變,將對於不干涉原則的堅持,轉而為要求聯合國在進行干預時,必須具有合法性。
聯合國所實施的干預措施,有其現實考量的必要性,但也都產生了關於侵犯國家主權與介入內部事務的疑慮,因此,對聯合國而言,對這些機制進行必要的改革,已經獲得極大的共識,而對在安理會擁有否決權力的五常任理事國而言,同樣肩負著如何增進聯合國行動的效率,以及維護國家體系運作的基本原則,尤其對中共而言,如何在建立負責任大國的形象,以及爭取國家利益方面獲得平衡,更是當前中共外交政策的重要課題。
|
14 |
後冷戰時期中共對朝鮮半島政策:經濟與安全層面分析 / Mainland China's policy towards the Korean peninsula in the post cold war era: analysis of strategic and economic factor金承漢, Kim, Seung-Han Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
|
15 |
Academia and Chinese Foreign Policy Decision Making: A Case Study of China’s EU Policy / 中國大陸學界與中共外交政策決策關係之研究─以中共的歐盟政策為例戴熙涵, Dean, Nicola C. Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在論述中國大陸學術界在中共外交政策的決策過程中所扮演的角色,並聚焦在值得外界特別關注的個案─中國大陸的歐洲研究學界與中共的歐盟政策。在面對愈來愈複雜的外交關係環境下,無論是在正式或非正式的層面,有更多外圍組織或人員被納入中共的外交決策結構之中,其中最貼切的例子就是學術界。隨著中國大陸地區外交相關科系或研究機構的演變、多元性和優質化的發展,其對外交政策之決策過程與範圍的潛在影響力正在增長。學者與其相關的研究機構透過各種可能影響的途徑、層次和來源,來鞏固其研究的影響力。中國大陸歐洲研究的領域目前正蓬勃發展,有些傑出的專家經常被約見來提供建言或評論。除此之外,2003年中國政府公布了中共的歐盟政策官方文件,這是中共有史以來唯一宣布過的外交政策文件,其展現中歐關係的重要性。本研究除了將論文中所界定的學術影響力框架應用於該歐洲研究的個案之外,也提供學界對此一領域主要研究範圍和學術論述的一個初步調查,以及其對中共的歐盟政策決策上實務性的關聯。 / This thesis discusses the role of academia in foreign policy-decision making in the People’s Republic of China, considering in particular the case of European Studies academia and China’s European Union policy, which merits greater scrutiny by outside observers. Faced with ever more complex foreign relations, the structure of Chinese foreign policy making is incorporating a growing number of external actors at both formal and informal levels. Academic circles are a case in point; as foreign policy research institutes evolve, diversify and optimise, their potential influence within policy making processes and circles is expanding in scope, and academics and their respective institutes are able to consolidate the impact of their research through a range of pathways, levels, and sources of influence. The European Studies field in China is robust and certain noteworthy experts are regularly called upon for advice and comment. What’s more, China’s only ever foreign policy paper in 2003 dealt with European Union policy, demonstrating the significance of Sino-European relations. In addition to applying the framework of academic influence identified herein to the case of the European Studies field, this thesis also provides a preliminary investigation of some of the field’s key research issue areas and current academic discourse, as well as connections with China’s European Union policy decisions in practice.
|
16 |
第二次北韓核武危機中共扮演角色之研究 / A Study on the role of China during the 2nd North Korea nuclear crisis宋玉蓮 Unknown Date (has links)
北韓自1950年代起逐步建立其核武實力,形成對國際社會的嚴重威脅,基於其政權生存與經濟的需要,動輒以核武要脅國際社會換取能源、糧食援助及安全保障。1994年第一次北韓核武危機結束後,由於美國與北韓後續未確實履行核框架協議,從2002年10月北韓承認恢復其核計畫、美國開始停止對北韓供應重油起,北韓動作頻頻,除自2003年1月10日起宣佈退出禁止核子武器擴散條約外,更積極發展核武抗衡美國與國際社會,對相關國家的安全造成莫大影響,並期望藉此獲得所需的政治利益與經濟援助。北韓的行為引起國際關注,視之為第二次北韓核武危機。中共、南韓、日本、俄羅斯及美國對此均投以高度關注,努力謀求解決之道,而中共更是此次核武危機演變與發展的關鍵斡旋角色。
第二次北韓核武危機發生以來,中共對核武問題的解決發生了建設性的作用,各輪會談能夠持續運作,中共以穿梭外交遊走於各國功不可沒,其角色重要而多樣,儼然成為斡旋者、調停者、領導者、防衛者、緩衝器、利益攸關者、平衡者、機制建議者,若依北韓核武危機往良性發展的端倪來看,未來中共更可能兼具經濟支援者、安全保障者和制度監督者的角色。此次的核武危機為中共大國外交提供難得的歷史機運,藉由複雜的危機解決過程,緩和了危機的緊張態勢,更藉由與各國間的互動與合作,獲得實質外交進展,提高了中共的國際影響力,同時這樣的作為也是符合各方利益的最佳選擇。
本文主要包含兩大方向:首先探討第二次北韓核武危機的背景與判斷北韓發展核武的動機,繼之簡述兩次核武危機始末;接著統整自三邊會談、六方會談召開以來之情勢發展及與會各國互動形成的共識共決,分析中共居中的角色與其國家利益之間的關聯性,並研判該議題未來走向。 / Since 1950s North Korea has gradually built up its nuclear weapon capabilities, forming a serious threat to international community. Based on the need of regime survival and economy, North Korea frequently uses nuclear weapons in threatening international community for exchanges of energy, food aid and security assurances. After the end of the First North Korea Nuclear Crisis in 1994, US and North Korea did not actually carry out the Agreed Framework, North Korea confessed to restart its nuclear program in October 2002 while US suspended supplying heavy fuel oil to North Korea. In addition to its withdrawal from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, North Korea also actively develops nuclear weapons to contend with the US and international community, bringing about huge impacts on the security of relative countries, hoping to exchange for more political benefit and economic assistance. The behavior of North Korea has raised international attention, regarding it as the Second North Korea Nuclear Crisis. China, South Korea, Japan, Russia and the US all pay high attention and work hard to seek for solutions to the crisis. China has played a key role in the evolution and development of the Second North Korea Nuclear Crisis.
Since the inception of the 2nd North Korea Nuclear Crisis, China has turned out to be constructively pivotal in solving nuclear weapon problems. The fact that six rounds of talks can take place continuously go to China’s credit, which pursues shuttle diplomacy to coordinate the activities of the other six-party talks participators, playing roles that are important yet various, apparently becoming a mediator, good officer, host, defender, buffer, stakeholder, balancer, mechanism keeper, and, in viewing from the point that North Korea Nuclear Crisis has been developed toward a more positive direction, China will more than likely take key role as economic supporter, security guarantor and mechanism supervisor. This nuclear crisis provides China a rare historical opportunity of big-power diplomacy. Through complex crisis solving process to détente intense situation and the interaction and cooperation among Northeast Asian nations to obtain actual diplomatic progress, the influence of China has soared while such action is the best choice in complying with relative nation’s interests.
The study mainly include two directions: At first the background of the Second North Korea Nuclear Crisis be reviewed and the motive of North Korea in developing nuclear weapon be determined. Then how the two nuclear crises began and ended are briefly stated, followed by integration of situation development since the Three-party talks, Six-party talks and the common agreement formed among participating nations. The role of China and relations to its interest is analyzed and thus the future direction of the issues is also carefully studied.
|
17 |
中共改革開放後之對外經濟援助 / Foreign Economic Aid in Communist China's Open and Reform Policy陳松培 Unknown Date (has links)
對外經濟援助,又稱對外援助,是一個國家的綜合國力、國家形象的展示。中共對外經濟援助起始於1950年,其對外援助政策是為國家利益服務的,並以和平共處五原則、萬隆會議十原則,貫穿平等互利等援外八原則及援助非洲四原則所執行的對外經濟援助的理念,在不同的歷史時期出現不同的內容。本文以回溯中共改革開放前的二十八年(1950-1978年)的對外經濟援助起步與發展時期述說起,從1950年代到1970年代殖民體系瓦解前,援助的主要目的是支持亞非拉國家爭取與維護民族獨立,發展民族經濟。嗣後受到外交戰略的影響,呈現「反對帝國主義」、「兩面開弓」、「以蘇劃線」的特點,支持全世界的「反帝反殖鬥爭」,其受援國數目增加,援助金額較大,援助內容採取提供受援國無息貸款或無償援助。至1980年代以後的對外經濟援助改革與調整時期,中共為促進與第三世界國家的互利合作,共同發展,透過對外援助來達到「南南合作」與國內經濟建設。其援助方式為繼續深化調整改革,除傳統的無償援助與優惠貸款外,政府貼息優惠貸款成為對外經濟援助的主要形式。到了1990年代後半期,隨著中共國際地位的提高,影響力的增大,為因應猖獗的恐怖主義,重視通過援助來幫助受援國減輕貧困、振興經濟,以及向遭遇戰亂與自然災害的國家,提供了大量的人道主義援助。
本研究在探討中共以改革開放前處於國際社會中窮國援助富國的做法,依循國際關係對外援助理論尋求依托。同時擷取中共三代領導集體的國際戰略理論及外交政策演進,發掘對外經濟援助經驗,還原中共對外經濟援助的軌跡。進而驗證改革開放後,中共經濟發展、綜合國力及國際地位變動,其對外經濟援助的體現,型塑國際政治與經濟新秩序之戰略目標具體作為。再者分析經濟因素在中共外交政策體系,以及中共對外經濟援助的角色定位,隨著全球經濟一體化,國內經濟體制的轉軌及政府職能的轉變,如何建立一整套的援外機制,合理配置資源,與受援國互利合作,共同發展。
|
Page generated in 0.0251 seconds