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納博科夫作品《盧仁的防守》中的西洋棋主題 / Тема шахмат в произведении В. В. Набокова «Защита Лужина»張芸瑄 Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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臺灣與美國流行音樂錄影帶中的性內容與愛情表現之比 較研究 (2000 與 2010) / Love relationship and sexual content in popular music videos of Taiwan and the U.S.A.: a comparative study (2000 and 2010)吳怡馨, Wu, Yi Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以內容分析法比較共200首台灣與美國音樂錄影帶中的性內容以及愛情關係表現。研究結果顯示美國音樂錄影帶中的性內容普遍高於台灣的音樂錄影帶,不論是在歌詞表達或影像呈現中。但值得一提的是,臺灣2010年音樂錄影帶中相較於2000年音樂錄影帶中性內容增加的幅度大於美國2010年音樂錄影帶中相較於美國2000年因樂錄影帶中性內容的增加。而且愛情表現方面,台灣的歌曲不論是在2000年還是2010年都有超過80%以上的歌曲為愛情歌曲;美國歌曲則較為多元,從2000年到2010年,少了20%的愛情歌曲。
總體來說,此研究結果與先前研究的結果類似:台灣歌曲中的愛情表達多為無性的表達,而美國歌曲中則較易將愛情等同或化約成肉體慾望,且不論歌曲主題,性內容也較常表達在歌曲中。雖然台灣音樂錄影帶及歌曲中的性內容還尚未達到足以造成威脅的程度,由2010年的增加多於同時期美國的音樂錄影帶顯示未來研究更應重視這一塊因為大眾流行音樂錄影帶在年輕族群的生活中扮演了重要的角色。若其不當性內容持續增加,勢必會對年輕族群的性觀念及行為造成影響。 / This study examines 200 music videos from Taiwan the USA for their sexual content lyrical and visual presentation. The second focus is the illustration of themes in songs. Results of a content analysis shows that in terms of sexual content in music videos, the USA is still more sexual than Taiwan as a whole; however, the increase of sexual imagery in music videos is greater in Taiwan in 2010 compared to in 2000 than that from USA in 2010 compared to 2000. Within-country comparisons show that the increase in images is greater than that in lyrics from 2000 to 2010 in both countries. For themes in songs, in both years, over 80% of the songs analyzed from Taiwan are love theme songs. Songs from the USA are more varied, and from 2000 to 2010, there are 20% less love theme songs.
On the whole, this study agrees with previous studies, which found that love manifested in lyrics is often an asexual kind of love in Taiwan, while in the USA physical desires are often outright portrayed, regardless of the song themes. Although the sexual level in music videos images have not yet reached an alarming level, researchers should, however, keep track of the sexual content because music videos do take up a part in forming a socializing environment, especially for the young people.
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體驗經濟之真實性研究-以體驗展示的場所營造為例 / The Authenticity Study of Experience Economy-in the case of Place Making for the Rendering Experience巫基福, Wu, Chi Fu Unknown Date (has links)
在體驗經濟 (Experience Economy)時代中,消費者敏感點(Consumer Sensibility)已由服務導向的「品質」(Quality),轉為體驗導向的「真實性」(Authenticity)展現。因為惟有企業滿足消費者真正需求-提供真實且客製化的產品與服務時,才可以確實打動消費者;並在「控制成本」及「提升品質」的市場競爭中,切割出一個價值型利基的市場區隔。
體驗型企業必須依其「產業特性」與「競爭優勢」,針對目標消費者進行產品與服務的真實性展現。特別是在產品設計、傳達研究、空間設計三個領域中,建構一個有利於消費者辨別的企業識別系統-「行銷美學」(Marketing Aesthetics),以透過各式各樣的感知經驗來吸引顧客,並與競爭對手產生差異化區隔。
以行銷美學展現企業真實性的「差異化」策略中,最具有效力的方式是「場所營造」(Placemaking)。使潛在與既有顧客在極為吸引人的場所進行體驗,一方面無可抗拒地注意到企業的產品與服務,進而消費購買,另一方面潛移默化地接受其傳遞的企業形象與價值認同,提高品牌忠誠度。
本文試圖結合行銷美學的「風格與主題分析」方法,以及聯合國文教組織(UNESCO)世界遺產公約作業準則中「真實性」研究,建立一個研究體驗型企業在「場所營造」構面,展現企業真實性的初步評估架構。並且以台灣現今較具產業特色與競爭強度的體驗型企業-肯園、食養文化山房、夏姿采采食茶文化等作為研究個案,藉以剖析市場現況及驗證評估架構。
在場所營造的風格與主題分析架構中,五種「真實性表現」-天然的、原創的、獨特的、參照的、影響的,充分對應於「場所營造」的材料、設計、手工藝、場所及精神/情感的五大構面,形成不同的企業特質(風格與主題)。亦即此一分析架構應可有效協助企業進行系統性、架構性設計思考與服務流程規劃。
在個案分析驗證中,因台灣多為小型文化創意或中型品牌跨界型公司,並無迪士尼或環球影城等類似組織成熟的大型企業,所以創新者的個人價值觀與美學傾向,易即是企業的行銷美學;卻也更易產生出獨特且展現真實性的場所空間。
綜言之,本文為研究體驗經濟之場所真實性展現的初探,並展開「美學行銷」與「建築場所」的首次跨界對話,未來若能再從「使用者體驗規劃」及「服務設計」等不同角度進行分析,必能加強場所營造之真實性研究的完整性。 / In the era of experience economy, the consumer sensibility has transferred from the service-orientation of quality management to the experience-orientation of rendering “authenticity”. Only when enterprises satisfy what consumers really want-real and customized products / services, then they can touch consumers . They can split a value-based business niche market segments in the “cost control” and “quality management” of competitive market.
The experience enterprises have to follow its industrial characteristics and competitive advantages to render their authenticity of products and services to target consumers. Especially in the three fields of product and graphic design, communications, and spatial design, they have to build a corporate identity system – “Marketing Aesthetics”, easily distinguished by consumers. Then they can touch and inspire customers through a variety of perceptual experiences and differentiate from their competitors.
The best way is the “Placemaking” for the marketing aesthetics of differentiation strategy. That is for potential (and current) customers to experience that offering in a place so engaging that they can’t help but pay attention, and then pay up as a result by buying that offering. Thus it make customers imperceptibly accept the corporate identity and value recognition, drive brand loyalty.
The thesis attempts to build the preliminary assessment system of rendering authenticity about the placemaking of experience-based enterprises. This system combines “the style and theme analysis of marketing aesthetics”, and ”the authenticity research of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (UNESCO)”. In order to analyze the current market and test the authenticity assessment system, there are some experience-based enterprises (with industrial features and competitiveness) case studies-Canjune international Inc., Shi-Yang Culture Restaurant, and Cha Cha Thé Culture international Co..
In the style and theme analysis of placemaking , the five factors of authenticity-natural, original, unique, referable, and influential, is correctly mapping to the five dimensions of placemaking-materials, design, crafts, places, and spirit/emotions. It forms different characteristics of the corporation (style and theme). Besides, this analysis system which will be effective in helping enterprises systematic/architectural design thinking and service process planning.
In the case studies of Taiwan experience-based enterprises, innovator's personal values and aesthetic tendency that is the company's marketing aesthetics. Because there are no the mature and large-scale enterprises such as Disneyland or Universal Studios. But it is easy to show the uniqueness and authenticity of place for customers.
In conclusion, this is the preliminary research about the place of the authenticity rendering on the experience economy. And this is the cross-border “Marketing” and “Place” dialogue. Then, more "user experience " and "service design" studies should be able to strengthen the integrity of the placemaking authenticity research.
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新聞論述建構之馬英九語藝視野鄭又銘 Unknown Date (has links)
馬英九擔任市長時遭逢多次危機事件並因此受到非議,但施政滿意度依舊居高不下,此現象促使本文關注媒體於其中扮演的角色,試圖透過新聞報導的分析,重建媒體觀看「危機事件中的馬英九」的視野,並解讀其中的意義與真實。
本文採取語藝觀點,運用Ernest G. Bormann所提出的幻想主題分析與符號輻合理論,分析聯合報與自由時報於2000年到2004年間「危機事件中的馬英九」相關報導。試圖探究新聞媒體所建構的語藝視野,其次,探討讀者投書是否會對新聞有所覆頌,以重建媒體與閱聽人所構成的語藝社群,最後,比較兩報語藝視野的差異,追溯其背後的政治社會脈絡,期對「馬英九現象」的研究有所開拓。
研究結果顯示,聯合報與自由時報報導的「危機事件中的馬英九」相關新聞,分別出現重複的戲劇情節,具有特定的幻想主題,並且可歸納成幻想類型,最後分別建構不同的語藝視野,其中聯合報是「困境中崛起的新領袖馬英九」,而自由時報是則「馬英九美好表象背後的危機」。從兩報的語藝視野,可發現其與當時的政治社會脈絡相互呼應,並且使用特殊的修辭與文體增進戲劇幻想的傳播。而由讀者投書的檢驗,也確認了讀者確實對新聞論述有所覆頌。除此之外,從兩報迥異的場景、角色設定,以及相互競爭、對立的語藝視野,也可追溯到兩報互為極端的政治立場。
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從主題檔案館功能探討我國軍事檔案館設置之必要性 / A Necessity study on the Establishment of Military Archives as base on the Functionality of Collecting Archives熊蒂生, Shiung, Ti-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
主題檔案館是檔案館分類之一,具有檔案館基本屬性,因館藏內容特殊性及專業性,而有不同類型之主題檔案館;主題檔案館同時保存檔案與資料,致使檔案與資料一體化管理,形成主題檔案館最主要之特色。軍事檔案館屬於主題檔案類型,以軍事或戰爭資料為主要典藏對象,因其典藏媒體多樣化,且有許多實體武器之保存與展示,因此,軍事檔案館所使用名稱依據典藏資料特性而異。如:戰爭紀念館、國防檔案館、軍事博物館等,以文獻資產觀念而言,均屬於軍事檔案館之範疇。
本研究使用「文獻分析法」與「深度訪談法」進行研究,由文獻分析中探討法國、德國、英國、美國、澳洲、日本等國及我國國軍歷史文物館、海軍軍史館、空軍軍史館、八二三及古寧頭戰史館等軍事檔案館建置歷程、館藏及其組織架構與人力。
深度訪談對象包括國軍歷史文物館、海軍軍史館、空軍軍史館、八二三及古寧頭戰史館、國防部、檔案管理局等七個單位,藉以瞭解各相關單位對建置軍事檔案館之看法與意見。同時結合各國軍事檔案館建置、發展,及我國軍史館與戰史館現況,研擬我國建置軍事檔案館方案,以供未來建置規劃之參考。
本研究提出六點結論:一、設置軍事檔案館之必要性,主要有下列五點:(一)軍事檔案館典藏資料具有特殊性及專業性,以主題方式管理及應用,具有良好之效益;(二)就風險管理而言,可以分擔風險;(三)在政府組織再造之際,可避免組織架構重疊;(四)臺灣地理位置極具地緣戰略價值,國防軍事資料為國內及國際所重視;(五)配合檔案開放應用之規定,成立軍事檔案館不但可以確保資料安全,同時滿足檔案開放應用之需求;二、確立主題檔案館定位,以利後續發展;三、主題檔案館缺乏法源依據,檔案館組織、人員及預算編制法制化以利未來檔案館館務運作長期穩定發展;四、先進國家對特定檔案多設置主題檔案館,我國應朝向設立綜合性國家檔案館及主題性檔案館併行之發展;五、國防部檔案管理機制健全,在軟體方面已具有國防軍事主題檔案館之雛型;六、軍史館與戰史館具分別存在價值。
依據研究結果提出之建議:一、制定主題檔案館相關法源依據,以利未來檔案館館務正常運作之發展;二、軍事檔案館檔案屬於國家檔案,方能化解建置過程中可能遭遇之窒礙因素;三、建置國防檔案專責單位,統籌管理與執行國防檔案及軍事主題檔案館相關政策;四、主題檔案館應與休憩結合,提升民眾使用檔案之興趣,並提高軍事主題檔案館在國際之知名度。
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以主題為基礎的音樂結構性分析 / Theme-Based Music Structural Analysis何旻璟, Ho, Min-ching Unknown Date (has links)
音樂分段在研究音樂分析相關的領域是很重要的研究題目。音樂的分段可以提供作音樂結構分析、音樂瀏覽、音樂內容查詢與音樂摘要等應用。本論文的研究目的就是對音樂作自動分段,以幫助使用者能快速瀏覽音樂的內容。因此,我們針對音樂的主題作主題式的分段。
音樂的主題是取決於作曲者的動機,動機是構成音樂主題的基本因素。為了能夠以主題為基礎作音樂分段,我們必須找出決定音樂主題的因素。動機會有規則性的出現在整首音樂當中,所以我們可以利用動機出現的規則來探勘音樂的動機。
我們提出一個以主題對音樂作分段的方法,總共分為四個主要的步驟。第一,我們從原始的音樂資料擷取出主旋律的部分。第二,將主旋律做粗略分段。我們利用探勘Non-trivial重複樣式的技術[17],來找出粗略段落。第三,從粗略段落中探勘動機。我們利用Stein所提出來的動機變化規則,修改傳統探勘重複序列的方法,做動機的探勘。最後,我們利用探勘出來的動機對主旋律作精細分段。我們針對MIDI音樂檔案利用提出來的方法,實做出一個系統,找出音樂的主題段落。
先前研究在評估實驗結果時,多採用Precision與Recall去評估實驗的結果。然而,這樣的評估方法並不能表現出實驗結果與正確答案之間的相似程度。所以我們提出新的評估方法,根據實驗結果與正確答案之間的相似程度來評估實驗的準確率。根據實驗結果顯示,我們的方法準確率約65%。 / Music segmentation is one of the important issues in music analysis. Music segmentation can be utilized for music structure analysis, music browsing, content-based music retrieval, and music summarization. In this theis, we proposed a music segmentation method based on the music theme to provide users the capability to browse music segments by theme.
Motives, the concepts of the composer, are the basic elements of music themes. Music themes were constructed by motives. In order to segment music by themes, we have to discover motives. Most motives repeated in the music by some motivic treatment rules. Therefore, motives can be discovered by these rules.
We proposed the theme segmentation method. There are four steps. Firstly, we extract main melody from original music. In the second step, rough segments are generated from main melody by mining non-trivial repeating patterns. Then, motives are detected from rough segments. We modify the mining algorithm for discovering frequent patterns by applying motivic treatment rules proposed by Stein. Finally, we segment main melody based on the generated motives. Moreover, a system for segmentation of music in MIDI format was implemented.
Concerning the effectiveness evaluation of music segmentation, precision and recall are used in previous research. We proposed an effectiveness measure and corresponding algorithm to evaluate the accuracy of music segmentation. Experimental results show that our proposed music segmentation method achieves 65% accuracy.
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中文文本探勘工具:主題分析、詞組關聯強度、相關句擷取 / Tools for Chinese Text Mining: Topic Analysis, Association Strengths of Collocations, Extraction of Relevant Statements林書佑, Lin, Shu Yu Unknown Date (has links)
現今資料大量且快速數位化的時代,各領域對資訊探勘分析技術越趨倚重。而在數位人文中領域中從2009年「數位典藏與數位人文國際研討會」開始,此議題逐漸受到重視,主要目的為將數位文物結合資訊分析與圖像化輔助,透過不同層面的詮釋建構出更完整的文物資訊。
本研究建構一個針對各種中文語料分析的工具,藉由latent semantic analysis、pointwise mutual information、Person’s chi-squared test、typed dependencies distance、word2vec、Gibbs sampling for latent Dirichlet allocation等計算語料中關鍵詞彙關聯強度的方法,並結合分群方法找出可能的主題,最後擷取符合分群結果的相關句子予以輔助人文學者分析詮釋。透過提供各種觀察語料的面向,進而提升語料相關研究學者的效率。
我們利用《人民日報》、《新青年》、《聯合報》、《中國時報》作為實驗與測試的中文語料。且將《新青年》藉由此套工具分析後的結果提供給專業人文學者,做為分析詮釋的參考資訊與佐證依據,並在「2015年數位典藏與數位人文國際研討會」中發表論文。目前我們透過各種中文語料評估工具的效能,且在未來將公開此套工具提供給更多學者使用,節省對於語料分析的時間。 / In recent years, a wide variety of text documents have been transformed into digital format. Hence, using data mining techniques to analyze data is becoming more and more popular in many research fields. The digital humanities gradually have taken seriously since "International Conference of Digital Archives and Digital Humanities" began in 2009. The main purpose of the digital heritage combined with information analysis and visualization could improve the effectiveness of cultural information through different levels of interpretation.
In this study, we construct a set of tools for Chinese text mining, calculating associated strengths of collocations work through latent semantic analysis, pointwise mutual information, Person’s chi-squared test, typed dependencies distance, word2vec, and Gibbs sampling for latent Dirichlet allocation etc. The tools employ clustering method to identify the possible topics, meanwhile, the tools will extract the relevant statements according to the clustering results. These clustering and relevant statements contribute and improve the efficiency of humanities scholars’ analysis through providing a variety of observations about the corpora.
At the experimental stage of this study, we considered the "People's Daily", "New Youth", "United Daily News", and "China Times" as as the corpora for testing. Among the research, humanities scholars analyzed the "New Youth" by the tools and published a paper in the "2015 International Conference of Digital Archives and Digital Humanities". Currently, we assess the effectiveness of the tools through a variety of Chinese corpora. In the future, we will make the tools freely available on the Internet for Chinese text mining. We hope these time-saving tools can assist in humanities scholars’ study of Chinese corpora.
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運用財經文本情感分析於台灣電子類股價指數趨勢預測之研究 / Research of applying Sentimental Analysis on financial documents to predict Taiwan Electronic Sub-Index trend劉羿廷 Unknown Date (has links)
電子工業為台灣最具競爭力之產業,使得電子類股在集中市場成交比重高達 69.49%,可見電子類股的波動足以對整個台股市場造成相當大的影響。而許多研究指出,網路上的文本訊息藉由社會網路的催化而快速傳遞,會對群眾情緒造成影響,進而影響股價波動,故對於投資者而言,如果能快速分析大量網路財經文本來推測投資大眾情緒進而預測股價走勢,即可提升獲利。然而,每天有近百篇的財經文本產生,傳統的人工抽樣分析方式效率不彰且過於耗力, 已不足以負荷此巨量資料。
過去文本情感分析的研究中已證實監督式學習方法可以透過簡單量化的方式達到良好的分類效果,但監督式學習方法所使用的訓練資料集須有事先定義好的已知類別,故其有無法預期未知類別的限制,造成無法判斷文本中可能存在的未知主題,所以本研究提出一套針對財經文本的混合監督式學習與非監督式學習之情感分析方法,透過非監督式學習將 2014 整年度的電子工業財經文本進行文本主題判別、情緒指數計算與情緒傾向標注。之後配合視覺化工具作趨勢線圖分析,找出具有領先指標特性之主題,接著再用監督式學習將其結合國際指標、總體經濟指標、台股指標、技術指標等,建立分類模型以預測台灣電子類股價指數走勢。
在實驗結果中,主題標注方面,本研究發現因文本數量遠大於議題詞數量造成 TFIDF 矩陣過於稀疏,使得 TFIDF-Kmeans 主題模型分類效果不佳;而文本具有多主題之特性造成 NPMI-Concor 分群之議題詞過於複雜不易歸納,然而LDA 主題模型基於所有主題被所有文章共享的特性,使得在字詞分群與主題分類準確度都優於 TFIDF-Kmeans 和 NPMI-Concor 主題模型,分類準確度高達 98%,故後續採用 LDA 主題模型進行主題標注。情緒傾向標注方面,證實本研 究擴充後的情感詞集比起 NTUSD 有更好的字詞極性判斷效果,計算出的情緒 指數之趨勢線也較投資人常用的 MACD 之趨勢線更符合電子類股價指數之趨 勢。此外,亦發現並非所有文本的情緒指數皆具有領先特性,僅企業營運主題與總體經濟主題之文本的情緒指數能提前反應電子類股價指數趨勢,故本研究用此二主題之文本的情緒指數來建立分類模型。
接著,本研究透過比較情緒指數結合技術指標之分類模型與單純技術指標分類模型的準確率發現,前者較後者高出 7%的準確率。進一步結合間接情緒指標的分類模型更有高達 71%準確率,故證實了情感分析確實能有效提升電子股價類股指數趨勢預測準確度,以提升投資人之投資報酬率。 / The electronic industry is the most competitive industry in Taiwan, and its large volume could have strong influence on the whole stock market. Many research show that text documents on the Internet have great effect on public emotion, and the public emotion could also affect the stock price. For investors, it is important to know how to analyze the potential emotion in text documents then use this information to predict the stock trend. However, the traditional way to analyze text documents by human resource cannot afford the large volume of financial text documents on the Internet.
In past Sentimental Analysis research, supervised method is proven as a method could reach high accuracy, but there are limits about predicting the future trend. This research found a solution which mixed supervised and unsupervised methods to deal with these large financial text documents. First, we use unsupervised method to find out the topic of documents, and then calculate the sentimental index to judge the document’s emotional direction. After that we will produce trend line charts by visualization tools to find out which theme documents’ sentiment index are leading indicators. Furthermore, we use supervised method to integrate the sentimental index with other 24 indirect sentimental index to build the prediction model.
According to the result, we found that LDA model’s performance is better than TFIDF-Kmeans model and NPMI-Concor mode because of document characteristic. Besides, sentimental dictionary I build has higher accuracy than NTUSD on judging word polarity. The trend of sentimental index and Taiwan electronic sub-index(TE) to each other is more similar than MACD line and TE to each other. We also discover that the sentiment index produced from documents about enterprise operation and macroeconomics are leading indicators, so we use these to build prediction model.
Moreover, we found that the prediction model which include the sentiment index better than which only include the technical indicators. As mentioned above, the sentimental index could make the prediction of Taiwan electronic sub-index trend be more accurate and promote the return of investment.
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主題廣告、促銷活動與品牌層級之綜效研究 — 考慮產品類別之調節效果 / Research of synergies between feature advertisements, promotional activities, and brand tiers — considering the moderating effect of product type張馨云 Unknown Date (has links)
推廣活動的種類繁多,但是究竟推廣組合的綜效如何,是值得探討的問題,近年來學界與實務界開始重視這個問題,提出「整合行銷溝通」(integrated marketing communication;簡稱IMC)之重要性,顯示在市場競爭日趨激烈的今日,規劃整合性的推廣策略才能有效運用行銷資源達到最大的綜效。
因此本研究主要探討「促銷與否及活動類型」(價格促銷、贈品促銷、無促銷)、「品牌呈現方式」(直接比較、分開比較--有主題廣告)、「品牌層級」(高品質/高價格品牌、低品質/低價格品牌)對於「消費者選擇率之變化」的影響,並且加入「產品類別」(功能性產品、享樂性產品)作為調節變數。
經過分析的結果發現:
一、享樂性產品提供享樂性贈品的促銷效果比價格促銷的效果更佳,但不顯著。
二、功能性產品提供功能性贈品的促銷效果與價格促銷的效果相若,甚至更好。
三、在直接比較時,低品質/低價格品牌進行價格促銷的效果皆比高品質/高價格品牌的效果更佳。此發現與過去的研究結論相反。
四、主題廣告與贈品促銷同時進行時(亦即在分開比較的情況下),低品質/低價格品牌進行價格促銷後所增加的選擇率與高品質/高價格品牌所增加的選擇率差不多,但在直接比較的情況下,低品質/低價格品牌所增加的選擇率卻明顯大於高品質/高價格品牌增加的選擇率,亦與過去的研究結論相反。
五、在直接比較時,低品質/低價格品牌進行贈品促銷的效果比高品質/高價格品牌進行贈品促銷的效果佳。
六、主題廣告與贈品促銷同時進行對高品質/高價格品牌較有利。
七、不論是功能性產品或享樂性產品,贈品促銷的效果皆比價格促銷的效果佳。 / There are many kinds of promotional activities. It is a worthwhile problem to investigate the synergy between promotional mixes. Recently, the academia and business start to pay attention to this problem and brought up the importance of “Integrated Marketing Communication”. It means that only integrated promotional strategy can effectively utilize marketing resources to reach the greatest synergy in today’s increasingly competitive market.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of “presence and types of promotion” (price promotion, premium promotion, and no promotion), the “types of presentation of the brand” (directly compare and separately compare — with feature advertisement), and “brand tier”(high quality/price brand and low quality/price brand)on ”the variation of consumer choice rate”, including the moderator of “product type”(functional product and hedonic product).
The conclusions are as follows:
1.The effect of hedonic premium of hedonic products is better than price promotion, but it’s not significant.
2.The effect of functional premium of functional products is equal to price promotion and even better.
3.When directly compared, the price promotion effect of low quality/price brand is better than that of high quality/price brand. This finding is opposite with the research conclusions drawn before.
4.When feature advertisements and premium promotions are proceeding simultaneously(that is, in the separate comparison condition), the amount of increase in consumers’ choice rate after the price promotion is about the same for low quality/price brand and for high quality/price brand. However, in the direct comparison condition, the amount of increase in consumers’ choice rate is significantly greater for the low quality/price brand than that for the high quality/price brand. This finding is opposite from the research conclusions drawn before.
5.In the direct comparison condition, the effect of premium promotion of low quality/price brand is better than that of high quality/price brand.
6.Proceeding feature advertisements and premium promotions simultaneously is more advantageous for the high quality/price brand than for the low quality/price brand.
7.For Both functional and hedonic product, the effect of premium promotion is better than price promotion.
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解讀報紙建構的資訊社會圖像 / Comprehending the Image of Information Society Newspapers Construct陳雅萍, Ya-Ping Chen Unknown Date (has links)
始於資訊社會論述瀰漫,資訊社會相關口語俯拾可得,信誓旦旦,並觀察到報紙做為一權力爭奪發聲的動態場域而資訊新聞相關版面從有到無漸趨固定之態勢,本論文第一個研究問題即是:資訊社會是何光景?---看報紙建構出如何的資訊社會圖像;接著以批判的傳播政治經濟學取向解讀此圖像是如何被產製出來的。前者(建構圖像)以系統化歸納資訊版新聞的報導主題與隱喻語言的使用為兩條取徑來呈現報紙建構的資訊社會圖像;後者(解讀圖像)則關注傳播活動如何在資源(物質與符號資源)分配不公允的情況下被設定或限制,挖掘資訊社會圖像的產製環境、生產條件與生產關係等文化製造的資訊,以瞭解文化產品(資訊社會圖像)的深層社會意義。
研究結果發現:資訊版新聞以資訊商品為首席主角及幾乎全使用正面情緒的隱喻語言所鋪陳出來之資訊社會圖像,其產製環境實與「台灣資訊社會論述發展之歷史脈絡下,國家機器與資訊產業資本家的共生結構」、及「報業經濟環境產生變化時,資訊業與報業的經濟關係」有關。轉而進入新聞產製過程,探討產製資訊新聞的過程中如何得以與社會既有權力互動,並且歸納出「國家機器」與「資訊產業界」之共生結構消息來源佔資訊版發聲位置將近八成,而資訊社會圖像產製於此等權力架構中。
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與研究背景 2
第二節 研究問題與論文架構 5
第三節 章節安排 6
第二章 文獻探討與研究取向 8
第一節 文獻探討 8
1. 資訊社會文獻探討 8
2. 資訊社會定義的探討 12
3. 資訊社會論述的批判觀點 17
4. 資訊新聞與科學新聞相關研究 20
5. 小結 22
第二節 研究取向 23
1. 「建構」資訊社會圖像之研究取向 23
1.1 新聞的報導主題 24
1.2 隱喻 25
2. 「解讀」資訊社會圖像之研究取向 28
2.1 政治經濟學與批判的傳播政經研究 28
2.2新聞產製V.S.權力 31
3. 小結 34
第三章 研究方法 36
1.研究對象與抽樣 36
2.分析單位與研究範圍 37
3.類目的建構 38
3.1 一般資料 38
3.2 報導主題 39
3.3 隱喻語言 54
3.4 消息來源 55
第四章 研究結果 57
第一節 報紙建構的資訊社會圖像 57
一、 資訊版新聞的報導主題歸納 57
1. 資訊版新聞的報導主題歸納統計分析 57
2. 合併類目分析 73
3. 加入「頭條╱非頭條新聞」變項 77
4. 小結 79
二、隱喻語言的分析 80
小結 97
第二節 解讀報紙建構的資訊社會圖像 99
一、資訊社會圖像產製的政經環境 99
1. 全球資訊化浪潮的成形 100
2. 資訊產業在台灣的發展 101
3. 台灣的資訊政策 102
4.資訊社會論述中「國家機器」與「資訊產業資本家」的共生結構 105
5. 大眾化報紙紛設資訊相關版面V.S.市場利潤 108
5.1 固定資訊相關版面紛紛現身 108
5.2資訊相關版面設立背景 110
二、新聞產製V.S.權力 114
1. 新聞組織常規 114
1.1 記者採訪路線與消息來源 115
1.2 時間概念對新聞的影響 117
1.3 客觀的新聞專業意理 118
2. 資訊版是誰的天下? 119
2.1 消息來源的偏向 119
2.2 在資訊版新聞發聲的消息來源 120
第五章 結論 124
第一節 研究結果 124
第二節 研究限制 127
第三節 對未來研究的建議 128
參考書目 131
附錄一 140
附錄二 148
附錄三 149
附錄四 151 / The first question this thesis want to ask: what is Information Society (hereafter, IS)?---what kind of image of IS newspapers construct; then comprehending how the image is produced in the approach of critical political economy of communication. The former (constructing image) selects two approaches, inducting the themes of news reports and the metaphor language systematically in the page of information news, to present the image of IS newspapers construct; and the latter (comprehending image) concerns how communicative activities are influenced or limited under the situation of unequal distribution of resources (material and symbolic resources). Try to dig out the information of the productive environment, conditions, and relations of the image and so on about culture production to comprehend the deeper social meaning of the image.
The research found: In the page of information news (Liberal Times is the research object in this thesis), the image of IS is made of the chief leading role, information commodity, and the metaphor language which almost shows positive emotion. The productive environment of the image is related with the symbiosis structure of Taiwan state apparatuses and the capitalist of information industries in historical context in Taiwan and the economic relations between the press and information industries when the economic situation of the press changed. Also, by entering the process of making news, this article discusses how social existing powers interact in making information news, and the research found the IS image is produced from a powerful structure made of information industries and state apparatuses. These two kinds of sources occupy almost 80% of speaking location in the page of information news.
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