51 |
霾害之後 ——以北京PM2.5監測資料公開探討政策轉向之過程 / After Haze: the Policy Change Process of PM2.5 Information Disclosure湯思斯, Tang, Si Si Unknown Date (has links)
2011年末,一場持續數天的霧霾天氣席捲北京,環保部門卻並未提供相關污染物PM2.5的監測數據。相關法律法規的落後,以及環保部門的不作為,激起民眾的不滿。隨著美國駐華大使館、環保NGO、微博名人和廣大民眾的持續參與與推動,政府相關資訊政策也逐漸變化,最終將PM2.5納入空氣質量標準并公佈監測數據。本文以此次霧霾污染事件作為「焦點事件」切入點,首先藉由事件回顧討論“誰來監測”的問題,探討了環境信息公開的理論與實踐;然後分析政策變化的過程,歸納「政策變化模型」,討論政策變化形成的原因,分析各行為者在政策變化中的角色和作用;最後,由此事件得出這一政策轉變的影響以及啟示,歸納目前環境資訊公開領域制度層面所存在的缺失,并就此事件的經驗對於政府和環境NGO給出建議。 / In the end of 2011, the city of Beijing was hit by a long-lasting haze. However, the city’s Environmental Protection Bureau was unable to provide the public with the data of a critical pollutant – PM2.5. The political inaction of the government has caused great discontent among the public. With the continuous efforts from the US Embassy in China, environmental NGOs, Sina Weibo celebrity users and the public, the official information disclosure policy has seen a big change – the government has adopted a higher standard and taken steps to publish the data of PM2.5. This article takes the haze incident as a “focusing event”. It firstly reviews the case and discusses the theories and practices of the environmental information disclosure. It then analyzes the process of this policy change and forms a policy change model to determine the contributing factors and the roles of different actors. The concluding part summarizes the omission of the current information disclosure system, and makes recommendations to the government and the NGOs.
|
52 |
苗栗大埔農地區段徵收之爭議:以商議式民主為核心 / Controversy over zone expropriation of Miaoli Dapu farmlands: exploring the issue of the deliberative democracy何雅群, Ho, Ya Chun Unknown Date (has links)
1986年,為因應國家社會經濟經需要,通盤檢討修正「平均地權條例」,有關區段徵收之補償地價,被徵收土地所有權人除可領取現金補償費外,如經土地所有權人之申請,得以徵收後可供建築之土地折算抵付(即抵價地)。準此,創造出抵價地式區段徵收,政府視為「政府與民間合作開發,同霑開發利益」。1990年,行政院核定「凡都市計畫擴大、新訂或農業區、保護區變更為建築用地時,一律採區段徵收方式開發」,此後,區段徵收成為政府取得公共設施用地之主要方式之ㄧ。
由於地方政府財政困窘,已無法透過一般徵收取得公共設施用地,遂透過區段徵收以進行土地開發,地方政府將剩餘之可建築用地得予出售或標售,作為挹注地方財政的萬靈丹,浮濫圈地應運而生。如大埔、機場捷運A7等。為因應全球氣候變遷,各國莫不提高糧食自給率,日趨重視農業生產環境及生態保護;反觀臺灣,政府卻以經濟發展為由,啃蝕優良農地。
臺灣實施抵價地式區段徵收將近三十年,為何大埔農地區段徵收成為最經典,最主要係因劉政鴻之縣長任期將屆,急於完成各項重大縣政建設,他承認大埔案在執行前,欠缺與人民溝通及協商,才會引起農民極大的抗爭。現今的代議制度,選民對當選後的民意代表,缺乏督促究責的機制,又加上政黨的介入,主導整體的運作,無落實民意政治,致引發政治失靈;嗣有「商議式民主」的產生,鼓勵民眾與公共政策的商議,強調主動參與、公開透明及包容每個人的意見,彼此尋求共同的公共利益,以補強目前民主政治的運作。
目前政府辦理區段徵收欠缺公共利益、資訊公開、民眾參與及正當法律程序等,嚴重侵害基本人權,造成諸多社會問題,爰建議一一改正,以避免繼續衍生土地商品化、都市蔓延及工業用地等閒置等情形,應加強重視農民之工作權、財產權、生存權,以及農民對土地的情感等問題。
|
53 |
公共價值導向的政府資訊公開評估指標建立 / Open Public Sector Information: Establishment of Public-Value Oriented Performance Evaluation Indicators張凱媛, Chang, Kai Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
政府資訊公開是指政府將所擁有之資訊以各種方式公布或提供人民申請,是保障人民知的權利之基礎和促進民主參與之重要基石,與政府透明、課責和政府信任等公共價值的實踐有緊密連結性。本研究經由文獻回顧及國內外實務觀察,發現目前國內外就政府資訊公開的績效評估並沒有全面的架構,同時,也較缺乏政府資訊公開成效與其影響之間的關聯。因此,本研究主要探討政府資訊公開所連結的公共價值,並嘗試將之融入績效評估指標架構當中,期能建立初步評估架構並分析其政策意涵。
本研究透過文獻回顧瞭解國內外政府資訊公開發展現況與趨勢,整理既有的評估指標和實證研究,發展以公共目標價值為基礎的績效評估架構:包含透明、信任、課責、參與、效能、效率等6個目標公共價值,以及12個公共價值構面和其下的衡量指標。建立架構後,本研究透過層級分析法,彙整學者專家、政府官員,以及公民團體代表三類專家之意見,對架構指標權重排序並進行整體和不同專家類型之比較分析。
整體結果顯示,透明為政府資訊公開評估架構中最重要之層面,而三類專家亦一致認同在透明層面下的政治透明構面,及其下的政策決策過程透明指標為達成透明價值之關鍵作為,其次,較受整體專家重視的還有課責及參與。以絕對重要性來看,整體專家認為最重要的公共價值構面也是政治透明,指標層次則以政策決策過程透明、對政府資訊的信任等為重。除整體結果外,三類專家所認定的權重順序也有所差異:(1)學者專家對課責的權重明顯較其他專家高,(2)政府專家對效率的重要性排序排在第三位,其他專家則認為較不重要,(3)公民專家與其他專家最大的不同是將參與置於首要位置。根據分析結果,本研究建議應強化政策決策過程透明的相關措施以真正落實政治透明、透過穩定輸出正確可靠的資訊來培養公民對政府資訊的信任,並積極提升對課責和參與之重視。 / Information held by government agencies is a valuable national resource, and it should be open to public unless there is required legal protection for sensitive in-formation. The development of open public sector information (OPSI), based on people’s right to know, will enhance public values such as transparency and ac-countability of government, democratic participation, and even social welfare.
This study focuses on the establishment of public-value oriented performance evaluation indicators. To build the objective level and the corresponding indicators of the assessment framework, it investigates the linkage between public value and OPSI by literature review and sorts out the existing indicators related to OPSI. Also, in purpose to refine the applicability of this framework and analyze the order of in-dicators’ importance, it applies analytic hierarchy process (AHP), gathering the mul-tiple-criteria decision-making opinions from 14 experts of Public Administration, Information Management, and E-Government practice, including 6 academics, 4 government officials, and 4 civil groups experts.
The framework shows that transparency, trust, accountability, participation, ef-ficiency and effectiveness are 6 main public values to evaluate the performance of OPSI, with 12 aspects and 12 indicators included in. The overall results show that transparency, trust and participation are more important than the others. And for the absolute importance, political transparency aspect and indicator transparency of policy decision-making process are the most important ones based on integrated opinions. Moreover, three groups of experts show some differences in the order of importance: academics are more concerned with accountability, government offi-cials care more about efficiency, and civil group experts regard participation the most important one. Based on the analysis of AHP results, this study suggests that government should put political transparency into effect, bring up the trust to gov-ernment information, and attach more importance to accountability and participa-tion.
|
54 |
增進台灣國家衛生研究院授權活動成效之研究 -以美國國家衛生研究院授權活動為例 / Research to Increase Taiwan National Health Research Institutes Licensing Performance by Comparing The Licensing Practice of United States National Institutes of Health丘耀華, Hew, Yaohua Unknown Date (has links)
1980年,在美國拜杜法案(Bayh-Dole Act)通過以後,政府補助研發成果從原屬於國家財產,下放歸屬權於研發單位。因此研發單位可自行管理並將研發成果授權至產業界,將研發成果商品化,此過程稱之為「技術移轉」。技術移轉是一個非常細膩且複雜的過程,有許多因素會左右技術移轉的成敗,其中包括:技術之品質、法律限制、政策因素、產業需求和資訊流通等因素。技術移轉將可以使研發成果商品化, 有助於提升政府稅收和權利金收入,並且推動科學發展和增加就業機會,為國家創造經濟收入。
本研究旨探如何提升政府補助國立生醫研究單位-台灣國家衛生研究院(NHRI)之授權績效。本研究將採用美國國家衛生研究院(NIH)之授權績效和授權執行方式當參考指標。為了得到精準和可信的數據,本研究僅截取官方之年報和網站的資料。與此同時,本研究末將會提供如何提升授權績效之建議。
此研究發現就2010年而言,NIH和NHRI之授權績效可謂旗鼓相當。儘管台灣立法規定「政府資訊公開法」,此研究發現台灣國家衛生研究院有選擇性的發表其授權績效的跡象。由於政府所有開銷均從其預算而來,而政府預算部分自人民納稅所得,因此監督政府績效是普羅大眾的基本權利。人民有權監督,並且要求政府就其管理、執行成效做出解釋。然而,台灣國家衛生研究院之資訊不透明舉動,限制了人民監督的權利,此舉將會因缺乏監督而惡性循環的造成授權績效更為疲弱。此外,此研究亦發現較少的授權契約種類、授權策略在地化、研發成果披露之不明確性、智慧財產委員會專利申請和授權策略失衡是造成NHRI授權成果疲弱的因素。 / Since the passage of U.S. Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, government-funded research inventions were no longer considered as government property. Invention could be patented and be licensed to industry through the process of commercialization for revenue return. Commercialization will create revenue in the form of royalty and taxes to the government, further driving scientific improvement and increase job opportunities.
Technology commercialization is a very delicate process and there are a lot of factors that might alter the success, including but not limited to i) the quality of invention, ii) legislation restriction, iii) policy incentives, iv) industry interest, v) availability of information and etc. If managed properly, technology commercialization could bring high value to the academic institutes that developed an invention, to government that financially support academic research and to general public that could benefit from the invention itself.
This study intends to identify the factors of the weak licensing performance in Taiwan government-funded national biomedical research organization, National Health Research Institute (NHRI). To evaluate the licensing performance of NHRI, this study will compare the licensing performance of NHRI with National Institute of Health (NIH) in the United States. To get accurate and formal data, this study will mainly retrieve data from official annual report and website. By comparing the practice of technology commercialization process of both institutes, this study could suggest possible flaws in NHRI’s licensing process in comparison to NIH. At the same time, this study will give suggestions to achieve a better licensing performance.
This study concluded that both institute performed equally in FY 2010, but it has been noticed that NHRI were selectively in disclosing its licensing performance statistics and it is difficult to retrieve general information from NHRI, despite the availability of Freedom of Government Information Law (Taiwan). It’s the basic right for the general public to be able to supervise and surveillance a government agency’s performance as it utilizes the taxes contributed by a citizen in a country. The limitation of information disclosure by NHRI has made it difficult for general public supervise its licensing performance, of which might further contribute to even weaker licensing performance due to lack of supervision. This research also concluded that few options of licensing contracts, localization in licensing strategy, confusion in technology disclosure, possible misalignment of patenting & licensing strategy of the IP Management Committee contributes to weak licensing performance in the NHRI.
|
55 |
中古汽車買賣之法律問題研究 / Legal research of middle ages automobile business陳竹君 Unknown Date (has links)
中古汽車市場日漸蓬勃發展,依中華民國汽車商業同業公會理事長賴坤獅推估,民國九十三年在小型中古車店銷售的車輛數達到五十萬輛,以平均新臺幣三十萬元的價格計算,產值就高達新臺幣一千五百億元,則依交通部統計處公佈之民國九十四年中古車過戶交易數量之八十五萬六千三百三十八輛計算,該年度中古車市場產值則達新臺幣二千五百億元,其市場價值與對國民經濟的重要性不言可喻。
鑒於中古車交易之興盛,品牌車商亦逐漸踏入此一市場。傳統車商和品牌中古車商相較,品牌車商係仿效日本業者之經營模式,強調的是車源保證、原廠車況查鑑以及售後服務,並提供較良好的交易環境。然而羊毛出在羊身上,品牌車廠同時也必將相關人員、設備、制度等成本開銷均反映在中古車售價下,而中古車市場的消費者本即偏向價格導向,縱使消費者明知品牌車廠之中古汽車較有保障,仍有可能選擇向傳統中古車商購買較為便宜、但相對而言車輛來源、車子狀況較無法掌握之中古汽車。而中古車相較於新車除前述來源多元性、車況不確定性,尚具有價格不透明性、資訊不對等性等特性,再加上企業經營者使用定型化契約實際運用之結果,將有利於其本身之不合理條款訂入契約,迫使無法律經驗且處於相對弱勢之消費者接受,致使消費者的契約自由大受限制,在中古車買賣自係無可避免。除此之外,中古車交易市場有「假仲介、真買賣」之跛行現象,使得買受人無法向真正出賣人主張權利,對其權益影響甚鉅。
現行中古汽車買賣及中古汽車買賣仲介定型化契約範本係經濟部商業司於民國九十年三月三十日公告實施,迄今雖已頒布多年,然因宣導效果不彰,許多消費者仍然不知道主管機關有公告中古汽車買賣定型化契約範本,而經濟部商業司查訪中古車業主所使用之定型化契約後發現許多業者所使用之定型化契約仍未載明中古車輛的里程數多寡、交易次數及是否為自用車或營業車等影響交易價格之重要資訊,甚且有在契約中約定排除或限制出賣人有關汽車買賣瑕疵擔保責任之明顯屬於違反平等互惠原則、對消者顯失公平之條款,另外部分業者基於前述加值型營業稅問題,為了避免以出售與買受人之中古汽車車價直接課徵營業稅,而以個人交易方式取巧,僅由業者與出賣人簽訂中古車仲介契約,再由出賣人與買受人簽訂中古車買賣契約,本身卻未與買受人簽訂任何契約,形成「真買賣、假仲介」之現象,對買受人權益之保障甚為不利,故經濟部商業司乃於民國九十四年委託學者修正中古汽車買賣及中古汽車仲介定型化契約範本,將中古汽車仲介定型化契約範本修正為委託銷售定型化契約範本,並增訂中古車仲介業者與買受人間之契約範本,另起草具有強制效力之買賣應記載與不得記載事項。買賣定型化契約範本強調標的物現況之揭露義務,蓋因中古汽車為「舊品」,標的物現狀之呈現係買受人締結契約之重要基礎。除以契約方式規範出賣人之告知義務外,日本公平競爭規約係以商品標示之方式賦予出賣人詳盡之商品說明義務,另德國私人間交易規範則以車輛現況鑑定之方式以期早日發現瑕疵,均值借鏡。至於修正範本中新擬定之仲介業者與買受人間之定型化契約範本尚未實施,故其成效仍有待觀察。然鑒於現行營業稅法採行加值型營業稅制度導致中古車出賣人藉由仲介方式逃避買賣責任,故除以契約範本方式課予仲介業者檢查通知甚至損害賠償之責任外,稅制之改革亦應為待努力之方向。
|
56 |
專案融資運用於一般產業之研究-以K集團公司為例 / The Study of general company Project Financing - take K group corporation for example郭雨民 Unknown Date (has links)
近年隨著國內外經濟發展、企業營運規模擴大下,在企業發展過程中,資金充足係其發展成敗之重要關鍵。一般而言,企業資金來源可區分為內部資金與外部資金。就外部資金部分,雖目前企業以直接金融透過發行有價證劵之方式,向一般社會大眾募集資金之風氣日增,但透過間接金融向銀行融資借貸,因較具彈性,可針對個案之不同調整融資契約之內容,仍為企業獲取外部資金之重要管道。
因科技日益創新下,許多投資案的規模及複雜性亦日漸擴大,現行傳統融資方式逐漸無法滿足企業之需求,專案融資(Project Finance)之模式逐漸受到重視。但因過去研究中多以政府BOT專案融資案件作研究,鮮少有企業個案提供參考,故本次研究目的為提供較不易得取資訊之企業專案融資個案作參照。
本次研究個案之專案融資係以客製化方式,針對個案之特殊需求(非一般營運週轉金用途),在個案進行輔導公開發行 (Initial Public Offerings,IPO)階段中提供融資進行財務結構調整之協助。並建置監控資金用途之控管機制(Milestone),搭配完善的還款機制以保障債權。個案藉由本專案融資之進行,財務結構調整沖銷內部股東往來、與提高流速動比及負債比,目的為讓個案財務結構更加透明,以利後續IPO階段進行。
故不論在私人企業之投資計畫或於公私部門合作(BOT)之計畫案中,專案融資皆扮演相當重要之角色。然在我國法制上,就融資案中居於關鍵地位之擔保機制,並未為特殊之規範,而僅以銀行法之擔保授信作為規範依據。然細究該規定,其僅將民法或動產擔保交易法中早已明文規範用於一般交易行為之擔保機制羅列於條文中,無法完全滿足銀行於專案融資中對擔保機制之需求。本個案企業之融資需求與金額在一般銀行往來融資條件下,並不容易成就。故本專案融資中的研究主要係在說明如何加強擔保機制並作相關之防範功能,使在債務人違約時能有效保障銀行債權。 / The scale of operations continuously extend with the development of the domestic and international economic situation in recent years, capital adequacy is no doubt a key point in the process of enterprise development . In general, the corporate-owned fund of the source can be divided into internal capital and external capital fund. The current corporation use common way raising capital fund through the issuance of Market Securities to the general public. Though indirect financial way to the bank financing is more flexible and still an important channel for gaining access to external funds, bank can customize the conditions of the financing contract case by case.
The traditional financing can’t meet the needs of corporation. Project finance model has to be taken seriously during innovation in technology, scale and complexity of the many investment cases. But most researches focus on BOT project finance of government in the past years, there are few references about single company. Our research provides single company project finance that is uneasy to get to be referred.
This case study of project finance based on the way of customization for the special needs of the case (a non-operating revolving function) , and bank provides financial restructuring during IPO consulting stage. The Bank structures the Milestone mechanism to monitor the use of funds, with carefully repayment mechanisms to guarantee the debt. This case can use project finance to write off the account receivable of shareholders, and to improve the financial ratio such as flow rate ratio and liabilities. It can help financial statement more clear to follow-up IPO stage.
Project finance plays a very important role in any investment case whether the Public sector or private corporation. Guarantee mechanism which is key position of financing case doesn’t be special limited in our legal raw. The technical regulation just bases on the security guarantee of credit in The Banking Act of The Republic of China. The rules of Banking Act of The Republic of China record security guarantee of general trading from Civil law and Personal Property Secured Transactions Act, but it can’t meet the project financial demand. It’s not easy to meet with success under the scale of this project finance and the limitation of general finance. The most important purposes of project finance strengthen guarantee mechanism and control credit risk when debtor defaults.
|
57 |
投資人關係與企業價值之探討 / Investor relations and enterprise value – a case study高子琁, Kao, Tzu-Hsuan Unknown Date (has links)
Since the 2008 financial crisis, we have been seen significant changes and movements in the capital markets. As an Investor Relations Officer (IRO) of the listed company, a continuing challenges is to attract and retain the investment funds from the capital market and keep a liquidity. Hence, the effective Investor Relations is very essential for the listed company because an effective investor relations programme is not only save valuable management time, but also can assist to deliver a fair valuation for the equity of enterprise, reduced funding costs and provide a strong shareholder base which will stand the company in good stead if times get tough, such as in low season business cycles or uncontrollable global financial crisis.
The Investor Relations would be the eyes and ears of a company in the capital market and would deliver valuable insights into market sentiment, such as to potential investors and shareholders. An effective investor relations must have full commitments and supports of the senior management and C-suite. Investor Relations is a strategic management responsibility that requires an integration of corporate finance, communications, competence, perspective, and compliance to enable the most effective two-way communication between a company, investment community, and all shareholders. The key objective of IR is to achieve optimal valuation of the enterprise. The Investor Relations should articulate in a way that investors could understand the direction of the company and develop reasonable expectations for determining success via investor conference, roadshow, and other communication channels.
|
58 |
日本の情報公開法制における知る権利の生成・展開と課題 ― 情報公開の憲法政策論三宅, 弘 23 September 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第22716号 / 法博第253号 / 新制||法||170(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 曽我部 真裕, 教授 土井 真一, 教授 毛利 透 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DFAM
|
59 |
「視線の抜け」と人の行動からみた総合設計制度の公開空地に関する研究鄭, 湉 25 March 2024 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第25274号 / 工博第5233号 / 新制||工||1997(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 三浦 研, 教授 神吉 紀世子, 教授 牧 紀男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
|
60 |
數位時代下圖書館經營與著作權法林培勳 Unknown Date (has links)
圖書館除典藏當代文化外,亦負有發展教育、傳播文化、提供資
訊等功能(公共圖書館宣言)。隨著科技的進步,人類文明不斷向前推
展,尤以電腦科技的日益精進,網際網路的使用者快速成長,圖書館
無論是在資料蒐集、整理、資訊的提供等功能上,都面臨數位化的需
求。
關於數位化圖書館所涉及之著作權法問題,可分為二大部分探討:
一、紙本館藏數位化重製,及數位化後透過網路提供圖書館服務之著
作權法問題。
二、圖書館直接從市面上購置數位著作,其取得與利用之問題。
壹、圖書館數位化涉及之著作權法問題
一、重製概念是否包含「數位化重製」
貳、圖書館網路服務涉及公開傳輸權
一、新法對於線上文獻傳遞服務之影響
二、圖書館內部網路使用與公開傳輸權
三、線上列印之合理使用審查
參、可否經由網路出借數位館藏
肆、圖書館取得數位著作授權之困境
一、數位著作取得、利用之限制
二、相關著作權仲介團體之欠缺
四、解決機制
(一)相關著作權仲介團體之設立
(二)利用著作的送存制度
(三)電子資料庫市場的擴大
伍、修法方向
一、明文賦予圖書館數位化重製權
為了順應數位時代下圖書館數位化之時代潮流,並得以有效地保
存館藏著作,著作權法應於第四十八條明文賦予圖書館得將館藏著作
數位化之權限,為合理使用之部分。至於數位化之館藏,無須區分已
公開或未公開發行之著作,蓋即使未公開之著作,亦有以數位化重製
保存以及提供利用之必要。不過,對於數位化重製仍須有一定之限
制,亦即,若在市面上已有相關之數位化著作存在,則不得再就館藏
數位化,而應付費取得使用之權限。
二、限制圖書館數位化服務之範圍
基於數位著作保護技術措施尚未成熟,若直接賦予圖書館就數位
重製後之著作,可透過網路或類似管道提供公眾利用,將造成著作權
人之嚴重損害。因此,數位化後之館藏,在館內使用時,僅限於數位
化資料之檢索用途、全文內容閱覽,若讀者第四十八條第一款要求圖
書館重製著作,則僅能提供紙本的版本,不得將全文內容之數位化檔
案交與讀者利用;又就實體館外之使用者,圖書館僅得提供線上目錄
檢索,但不得提供線上資料全文內容閱覽及線上列印。若有此需求,
仍須取得著作權人之授權或同意始得為之。
三、增訂法定授權制度給予著作權人補償
在賦予圖書館數位化重製權利的同時,應採取前述的法定授權制
度或其他類似著作權補償制度,對於著作權人經濟之不利益加以適當
補償,以衡平雙方利益。圖書館依法進行數位重製,須向著作權人給
付主管機關所制訂公布之使用報酬。
四、學術論文資料庫之建置
本文認為,為了促進學術交流與進步,或可賦予圖書館建立論文
數位化全文之資料庫,以提供檢索、網路傳輸及線上列印。為避免影
響層面太廣,其範圍應限於依照「學位授予法」取得學位之本國博碩
士論文。不過此種利用將對論文之著作權人造成影響,應增訂法定授
權制度,給予著作權人一定之補償,才不致於不合理地損害著作人法
定利益。
五、圖書館共同營運準則之制訂
本文建議,為著作權專責機關之經濟部智慧財產局,可仿照美
國之CONTU(National Commission on New Technogical Uses
Cppyrighted Works),制訂供圖書館營運遵守的準則,以使圖書館在
進行重製或其他圖書館服務時有所依循。
|
Page generated in 0.0244 seconds