對家庭婚姻而言，外遇既不是夫妻雙方所能預期，更難以預防，事件發生了，除讓彼此有機會去檢視婚姻中發生的問題！任何一方外遇，對另一半的配偶總會造成傷害。而我國傳統社會文化對妻子的期待，偏重於「家庭」的成就，或稱有責任感，因為社會對妻子的肯定，是來自於其家庭的幸福、丈夫的成就，而較少妻子自我的表現，一旦又有了子女，更會因母職而常受制於家庭、婚姻，所以當丈夫外遇時，顯然妻子會遭遇許多心理、社會衝突與困境。因此，妻子面對丈夫外遇之心路歷程及生活調適所面臨的婚姻品質與家庭壓力情形，為值得探究的課題。 本研究採用質性研究法中的深入訪談法，選取的對象為30到50歲的已婚女性，並盡量尋求彼此差異質性較大之受訪者，共邀請12位丈夫外遇之已婚女性參與訪談，著重蒐集資訊的豐富內涵與深度，以探討妻子面對丈夫外遇時婚姻關係、困境與衝突，以期深入了解妻子所面臨的問題，並探究其心理調適、走出悲傷及面對人生的歷程。訪談資料經歸類、分析，所得研究結果如下： 一、為保婚姻，妻子處境艱辛：因為妻子比較重視婚姻關係，且在父權婚姻處於相對的弱勢，所以才會在丈夫外遇後產生許多困境。 二、單方付出，丈夫依然故我：妻子甘之如飴在婚姻中不斷地為丈夫付出，為家庭犧牲，而卻没有關照自己。 三、付出較多，妻子婚姻弱勢：儘管妻子擁有工作、經濟獨立，但她們在心理上、情緒上都比較依賴丈夫，所以就容易使自己在婚姻關係中，屈從丈夫、處於次等地位。 四、價值內化，妻子以夫為貴：原生家庭父母親的教養，讓妻子甘心當個以夫為貴、為家庭犧牲奉獻的小女人。 五、妻子自責，承擔一切後果：妻子為了維繫關係、挽回丈夫，除了自責之外，也不敢找人傾訴，深怕事情公開，與丈夫關係無法回復，只能自己默默承受一切。 六、浴火重生，重整生活方式：當妻子發現已經無法挽回丈夫時，為了早日解脫，重整生活，讓自己有個新的未來，就是此時期妻子浴火重生的關鍵。 七、心灰意冷，轉而愛護自己：當妻子對丈夫心灰意冷、對夫妻關係澈底絶望時，她才會開始闗照自己的需要。 八、尋求幫助，提供情緒支持：妻子的社會支持主要來自朋友、家人與團體，也因為獲得這些社會支持，才有辦法度過危機，朝向更積極的人生邁進。 另根據本研究發現做以下建議： 一、人生苦短，妻宜慎思。 二、原諒丈夫，放過自己。 三、正面思考，快樂生活。 四、延續性愛，維持親密。 五、放眼未來，謊言勿聽。 六、善用資源，勇於求助。 七、健全家庭，培育孩子。 八、丈夫收心，體恤妻子。 / The growing trend of extramarital affair is becoming a world-wide phenomenon. When an extramarital affair occurs, the impact can be felt not just by the spouses, but also their children, workplace as well as their social circles. The tradition that women should play their role in the family still exists in current society, thus it is often viewed as a natural duty of women to bear children and take full responsibilities to raise the family. This trend would give the wife a sense of security; however, it strengthens women's dependence on men and weakens their sense of self-determination. In a case where the husband is having an extramarital affair, the wife often encounters a great deal of emotional and financial dilemmas in deciding what is in her best interests to do, especially if there are children involved. This study adopts in-depth interview on 12 married women between 30~50 years old whose husbands have been indulged in extramarital affairs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the marital relationships, the dilemmas, and the emotional conflicts these women experienced in responding to extramarital affairs. The results of this study are summarized as follows: I. In traditional Chinese families where family structure is hierarchical, the husband generally has more authorities over the wife, which creates a variety of issues for the wife when the husband is having an extramarital affair. II. Many wives would sacrifice themselves by giving up their pursuit of careers for the good of their families. These women may find themselves later faced with the difficult task of trying to begin or revive their lives III. Although many wives have full time jobs and are financially independent, they are still emotionally dependent on their husbands. VI. Influenced by traditional views, many wives would simply concentrate on taking care of their husbands and children and placing their hope fully on their husbands. V. In a case where the husband has an extramarital affair, the wife would question her own competence as a wife and force herself to keep the matter undisclosed to save her husband’s reputation and for the fear that her intolerance would threaten their marriage. VI. When the wife feels deeply disappointed about her marriage, she would start to realize her true values and fulfill her needs. VII. When the wife discovers that her marriage can not be saved, she would replace herself in the priority. VIII. Wives who suffered from extramarital affairs should seek help from other people. Proper psychological consultancy can serve as an effective way towards good mental health. Suggestions: I. It is important for the wife to understand that she is not alone and she is still a valuable person even though this has happened to her. II. The wife should learn through time to forgive the husband and do what is best for the family. III. The wife should learn how to deal with the resentments caused by extramarital affair and replace the negative thinking with positive affirmations IV. Intimacy is one of the most essential forces that binds the spouses together. Both spouses should understand that making love is as important as love itself. V. Both spouses should understand that divorce is not the only solution for extramarital affairs. The wife should take into consideration to rework on the marriage and save it for a better tomorrow. VI. The wife should seek a counselor for psychological and emotional assistance. Once the trouble spots in the relationship are found, both can begin to take actions and try to resolve the issues. VII. Both spouses need to understand that their children need both parents to develop at various stages of their lives. VIII. The husband should stop seeing the lover and understand that affection and companionship may be some of the most important emotional supports the wife needs to recover from his affair.

在全球化時代來臨的競爭下，企業間生存競爭的挑戰越來越激烈，而企業的核心能力的提升則是取決於「人」，因此人才的培育與人力資源的提升成為企業永續經營的關鍵因素。為了提高企業內人才之培育與訓練之成果與效率，訓練必須與組織之策略與目標作完整連結，因此職訓局於2007年起推動「台灣訓練品質管理系統」以確保訓練單位辦理訓練品質一致性，強化事業構及培訓單位的辦理訓練意願與能力，進而協助企業及國人有效提升職場競爭力。本文針對台灣訓練品質管理系統之相關內容做一介紹，並以台灣訓練品質管理系統標竿企業為對象，透過深度訪談瞭解企業導入台灣訓練品質管理系統之實務經驗，並於導入後對於組織績效有何提升加以分析，以供有意願導入台灣訓練品質管理系統之企業做為參考。

全球弊案陸續發生，投資大眾信心受創，對提升資訊透明度以及資訊品質正確性愈來愈殷切，主管機關為了維護資本市場，修改相關法規、制定相關政策以確保資訊正確性，另外，我國資訊揭露評鑑主要是希望藉由評鑑的機制，使公司對資訊揭露能有所重視。 本研究主要分別探討資訊揭露水準與資訊品質(盈餘品質)對於股票市場流動性的影響，並參考Francis et al. (2008) 的作法，探討資訊揭露水準與股票市場流動性間之關係在納入盈餘品質考量後，結果是否改變，檢視盈餘品質與資訊揭露水準之關係在台灣市場為何。 本研究採用我國的資訊揭露評鑑系統之評鑑結果來衡量資訊揭露，研究結果發現，公司資訊揭露水準愈高，股票市場流動性愈好，盈餘品質愈好，股票市場流動性愈好，但資訊揭露水準與股票市場流動性的關係在納入盈餘品質後，其結果並無明顯差異，推論在台灣市場中，除了盈餘品質外，尚有許多因素影響公司資訊揭露政策。 / Investors confidence in companies is decreasing due to the increasing rigged cases around the world. Therefore, information transparency and accuracy receives much more attention than ever. In order to protect the capital market and ensure information accuracy, the authorities have taken several steps such as relevant laws introduction and regulation amendments. The purpose of establishing Information Transparency and Disclosure Ranking System in Taiwan is to expect the companies would take information disclosure more seriously. This research is to explore the impacts of information disclosure level and qualities on stock markets liquidity. Furthermore, followingFrancis et al. (2008), this research aims to investigate the impact of information qualities in Taiwan capital market by explore the correlation between information disclosure and the liquidity of stock markets after the adoption of information disclosure and transparency ranking system. This research evaluates the information disclosure by adopting the Information Disclosure and Transparency Ranking System in Taiwan. The research finds that the higher the information disclosure level , the better the liquidity of stock market . Furthermore, the research also finds that the better the earnings quality, the better the liquidity of stock market . However, the correlation between the information disclosure level and the liquidity of stock markets reveals no significant difference after taking earnings quality into consideration. Therefore, we conclude that information disclosure is affected by many other factors in the company.

台灣科技廠商從過去的代工製造而在科技業供應鏈中扮演著非常重要的角色，但也逐漸得面臨更低成本的競爭，因此許多廠商逐漸想轉型為自有品牌經營的模式，同樣的情況在網通產業一樣發生，台灣網通業者在國際上站有非常重要之地位，而在轉型為自有品牌經營的時候，公司內部必須要從上到下改變為顧客導向的經營模式，尤其在網通產業當中，因為產品本身技術複雜、應用多元，因此除了產品本身的品質穩定之外，更需要網通設備廠商提供客製化的服務，因此本研究將以專注於光纖網路之個案公司深入了解個案公司之服務體系透過服務藍圖法與深度訪談了解個案公司之現行服務體系之問題，並提出改善之建議。 本研究針對光纖網路產業與個案公司之現行服務體系作深入之研究歸納出以下幾點: 一、各國均投入大量資源佈建FTTx光纖網路，新通訊協定以及網路應用服務不斷推陳出新，將是中小型網通廠商崛起與打造自有品牌之機會。 二、自有品牌廠商必須由過去製造導向轉變為顧客導向 三、中小型網通廠以提供客製化產品為切入點 四、售後服務注重在地服務與及時回應 五、銷售前服務注重市場需求了解以及資料提供 本研究筆者實地至一家中小型光纖網路設備廠，參與該個案公司之現行銷售流程中所涵蓋之服務內容，深入了解各項服務內容之流程並從中發掘相關之問題，希望透過本研究所提出之問題解決方案強化個案公司之現行服務體系，並提升個案公司將品牌精神落實至服務體系當中，強化品牌精神之體現。 本研究結果除了可以應用於相關之光纖網路設備同業之外，對於相關需要客製化產品與服務且建立自有品牌之產業也具備參考價值，期望能使相關之公司在建立自有品牌與服務體系時有所幫助。

一般消費者常常會有「一分錢一分貨」的想法，但是價格是否真的能夠準確的反應出品質？本研究用使用民國79年11月至民國94年4月份的「中華民國消費者報導」中102種產品的產品測試結果，用以探討台灣市場上價格與品質之間的關係。研究結果顯示，價格並不能準確的反應品質，台灣市場上的品質價格相關平均值為0.189，而且不同產品之間的品質價格相關性都有大幅的差異。本研究也發現價格品質相關性的變異原因之一為產品的特性 - 搜尋品的品質價格相關性高於經驗品的品質價格相關性。而本研究所提出的其他三項解釋原因 – 產品耐久程度、價格變異、以及價格高低並不能顯著的解釋產品品質價格相關性的變異。此研究的結果顯示價格並不能代表品質，因此消費者在購買產品之前必須有更多的資訊，不能單以價格做為購買衡量標準。 / This paper uses 102 product category test results of the Chinese, Taipei Consumer Report from the period of November 1990 to April 2005 to examine the validity of price as a signal of quality in the Taiwan market. In other words, does price accurately reflect quality, and do consumers really get what they pay for? The findings of this study indicate that price is not a very good indication of quality in the Taiwan market, with an average correlation value of 0.189 and greatly varying levels of correlation across product categories. In terms of reasons for the varying correlation levels, product characteristic is a factor – search goods have a higher price-quality correlation than experience goods. Other factors proposed in this study including product durability and quality uncertainty (price range and price levels) do not significantly influence the correlation levels. The results of this study indicate that price is not a good indicator of quality and that consumers need to be informed on more than the price of products when making purchasing decisions.

本研究主要是鎖定「旅遊網站」所提供的網路服務品質，且該研究網站無法進行直接購買下單的行為。由於國內旅遊網站種類及數量眾多，本研究鎖定玉山國家公園旅遊網站作為研究探討對象。本研究歸納彙總國內外有關遙距臨場感、網路服務品質、網站滿意度及網站忠誠度的相關文獻。針對上述四部份加以探討，作為進行本研究之基礎。 本研究利用量化問卷調查方法並用線性結構方程式來分析，來瞭解遙距臨場感、網路服務品質、網站滿意度與網站忠誠度的關聯性。本研究以網站忠誠度的觀點為基礎，選擇玉山國家公園網站使用者，研究遙距臨場感與網路服務品質對網站滿意度與網站忠誠度之影響及彼此間的關係。本研究已將影響網站顧客滿意度與忠誠度之前置因子定為網路服務品質，深入探討各構面對於滿意度與忠誠度之影響。 實證結果證明: (一)網站的遙距臨場感程度愈高，則網路服務品質亦會提高;(二)網路的服務品質對網站滿意度有正向的影響; (三)網站滿意度對網站忠誠度有正向的影響。 本研究建議網站管理者可加強遙距臨場感的強度讓使用者進入網站蒐集產品服務資訊時，感到網站設計的介面越逼真，使用者將會投注更多的心力在與網站的互動，並產生類似所謂遙距臨場感，所以會提高對該網站之忠誠度。 關鍵詞: 遙距臨場感、網路服務品質、網站忠誠度

隨著行動通訊日漸普及，愈來愈多使用者希望能夠在任何時間、任何地點，不受限制地使用他們所需的服務。但是由於IEEE 802.11通訊協定的限制，導致使用者無法獲得適當的服務品質保障，特別是使用者在享受即時性的服務，例如：網路電話、視訊會議、線上即時影音等。雖然在2001年IEEE提出802.11e草案，提供具有服務品質的無線通訊協定，但是在服務品質的效能方面表現並非完美，特別是在隨時變化的真實網路中。我們提出一個隨時根據網路狀況動態調整系統參數且容易實作並相容於IEEE 802.11e網路下的新機制。根據實驗模擬結果中，我們可以看到我們所提出的方法提供比EDCA更好的服務品質，就語音方面的延遲而言，我們減少約80%，就視訊方面的延遲，我們改善約25%，而輸出量方面約增加45%的效能，並且提高系統約6% - 40%最大的容納數。而我們也導入了允入控管，根據事先模擬的結果及設定的系統參數門檻，達到允入控管的目地，確保系統所提供的服務品質能夠滿足使用者的需求。 / Wireless LANs (WLANs) based on the IEEE 802.11 family have recently become popular for allowing high data rates at relatively low cost. However, due to the limitation of 802.11 DCF, they are not suitable for real-time service and do not support service differentiation. To expand providing applications with quality of service (QoS) requirements in WLANs, the IEEE 802.11E Task Group was formed to enhance the current 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocol. In real networks, the network condition is dynamic. The 802.11e cannot reach high performance of QoS. Besides, design of efficient MAC protocols with both high-throughput and low-jitter performance is the major focus in distributed contention-based MAC protocol research. In view of this, we propose a new and applicable approach, called Dynamic-EDCA (D-EDCA), adjusts the parameters of system based on the network condition. The result of　simulation shows that in comparison with EDCA, our proposed algorithm improves total throughput more than 45%, and the maximum of connection more than 40%. It also reduces voice delay about 80%, and video delay about 25%. Thus, the proposed D-EDCA utilizes bandwidth more efficiently and improves performance for service differentiation.

品質為吸引或留住顧客的最重要因素，品質管理影響著企業經營的每一個層面，大多數的企業也都相信卓越的品質管理可以提升品質、降低失敗品質成本、提高顧客滿意度，進而提高企業的獲利，追求品質已經成為企業尋求創新的重要策略之一。品質的改善有賴於條理化的管理系統，各項作業流程應納入制度來管理，以維持品質改善必要的動能，品質管理系統可以幫助企業增加顧客滿意度。因此，規劃並實施適當的品質管理系統成為企業品質策略的首要行動。 許多企業為了追求更精進的品質而實施ISO/TS 16949汽車業品質管理系統，藉由完整和嚴謹的要求達到品質不斷持續改善的目的，汽車業品質管理系統已經受到國際標準組織的重視，甚至成為國際大廠要求供應商的品質管理準則。國內研究品質管理或是品質管理系統相關之文獻不勝枚舉，然而大多著墨在ISO 9000標準的相關領域中，研究範圍亦都集中在實施的動機、成功關鍵因素和績效方面的探討，對於品質策略性相關的研究相對缺乏。 本研究採用非實證的質性個案研究法，選擇一家連接器廠商為個案，透過文獻探討與產業之SWOT分析，加上以專家訪談方式蒐集與個案探討相關的資料，結合品質理論的觀點，由競爭策略的角度，從連接器產業廠商實施汽車業品質管理系統的動機、過程和效益，探討實施的關鍵成功因素與汽車業品質管理系統的獨特性，最後推論出本論文之研究結論和建議。

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12195号 / 論工博第3984号 / 新制||工||1437(附属図書館) / 26267 / UT51-2008-C965 / (主査)教授 朝倉 俊弘, 教授 田村 武, 教授 宮川 豊章 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

高教學品質對幼兒生理、心理及日後學習成就皆有正向的影響，探討幼 教師與家長教學品質概念為本研究的重點。本研究採取質性研究方法，訪談 基隆市一間公立幼兒園不同教學年資之四位幼教師，以及不同幼兒成長階段 之四位家長，探討其對幼教教學品質之觀點。透過比較其概念差異，以促進 幼教師與家長觀點的對話與整合。 研究結果如下：一、幼教師與家長皆重視結構品質對教學品質的影響。 二、幼教師與家長對歷程品質關注之差異為對優質課程的理解不同。三、幼 教師對結果品質的關注不足；家長對結果品質給予相當程度之關注。四、幼 教師之教學品質概念與教師專業有高度連結，但概念中缺乏與家長合作與評 量的概念。家長視幼教師為教學品質之保證，並以幼兒之展現作為主要判斷 依據，但忽略了自身對教學的影響與家庭教育的重要性。五、幼教師與家長 對教學品質概念之差異，在於對優質課程的理解及關注層面不同，以及歷程 品質與結果品質之間的失衡。 根據研究結果，本研究提出實務現場與後續研究之建議：一、對教學現 場建議：(1)完整瞭解幼教品質的概念；(2)認識本身教學品質之階段，以及 與家長概念差異；(3)建立密切的親師夥伴關係。二、對幼兒家長建議：(1) 認識並瞭解幼教師對幼教品質的概念；(2)多與幼教師當面溝通。(3)了解自 身對教學品質之重要性，以合作代替要求。三、對教育機關建議：(1)舉辦 幼教教學品質研習，促進瞭解幼教師與家長幼教品質概念之差異，尋求親師 合作之道。(2)舉辦家長幼兒教育研習，協助家長認識並瞭解幼兒發展與專 業幼兒教育。四、對後續研究建議：(1)關於幼教課程專業性與豐富性之思 辨。(2)如何建立親師夥伴關係之探討。 / In recent years, teaching quality has come into the spotlight in preschool education. High quality teaching has a positive effect on children's physical, psychological and future learning achievement. However, there seems to lack a clear definition of preschool teaching quality which results to some barriers between preschool teachers and parents, that limited the possibility to enhance higher quality of teaching. This study utilized qualitative research method to collect datas from a public kindergarten in Keelung City by interviewing four preschool teachers and four parents. The datas were analyzed through open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The results are as follows:(1) When defining teaching quality， preschool teachers pay more attentions toward the process quality showing in the classroom while parents pay more attention toward the structural quality and the outcome quality.(2) Preschool teachers correlated teaching quality with teaching professionalism while parents considered preschool teachers as the guarantee to ensure teaching quality and the outcome behavior of children as the main evaluation standard. (3) Different cognition between perschool teachers and parents--imbalance between process quality and outcome quality. Based on the conclusion, this study provides several suggestions for practical and other further researches for reference.