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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

臺灣流行音樂產製之研究 / The Research of Popular Music Production

林怡伶, Lin, I Ling Unknown Date (has links)
80年代間,國內的主流流行歌曲,主要分為國語和臺語兩種類型,青少年市場的國語歌曲多著墨於風花雪月,臺語類則沿襲東洋味在悲情歌調中打轉。透過文化產物可以反映出社會變貌,87年開始,國內的政治、社會環境丕變,本土文化抬頭,流行音樂市場中出現了批判現實的另類音樂創作,部份臺語歌曲也出現了新風貌。歐美的流行音樂市場,發展成為大型的唱片集團公司和小型的獨立公司並立的局面,前者握有大部分的市場。提起這兩者,往往分別和主流、非主流扣聯在一起;主流和非主流,又分別代表著同質化的音樂風格和另類的創新音樂風格。   國內雖然沒有形成本地的龐大音樂集團,而水晶唱片公司也是本地唯一走另類生產路線的公司,兩種不同訴求的生產策略,分別有不同的行銷方法以及和媒體互動的關係。   唱片業和廣播電臺、電影、電視和報章雜誌等傳播媒體關係密切,本文探討唱片業和媒體之間如何運作,共同形塑流行音樂的面貌,以及近年間流行音樂市場的變化,具有那些社會文化意涵。 / In 1980s, main-stream popular music in Taiwan divided into Mandarin and Taiwanese songs two genres. The former focusing on teenagers market most sings about love and personal feelings, and the other follows Japanese color expressing sadness tone. Since 1987, the political and social environment of Taiwan has been greatly changing, with locol culture status arising, there emerging some alternative popular music.   Within west countries' popular music markets, major syndicate companies hold most markets and independent companies share the rest. Major and independent companies respectly remind of homogeneous and alternative music styles. Two kinds of production strategies also appear in Taiwan popular music market, where exist different relations between communication media and record companies.   This paper concerns Taiwan popular music market since the late 1980s till 1994, analysing the changes and their social meanings.
72

住宅樓層價差之探討-以台北市為例 / A Study of The Different Prices for Housing Floors

張曦方, Chang, Si Fung Unknown Date (has links)
住宅價格主要乃是由平面價差與立體價差組合,並受供、需面的交互作用競價而成,對於位在同一塊基地上的各層樓而言,亦會因不同的空間屬性組合而產生不同的價格水準;而以往的住宅研究報告多偏重於探討有關總體面與平面區位條件的差異性對價格形成的影響,卻鮮少有人針對住宅立體屬性的差異對價格的影響做進一步的深入探討。因此本研究以臺北市地區為研究範圍,探討住宅樓層間的立體價格差異是否存在?影響樓層價差現象產生的因素為何?樓層價差的產生受供給面亦或是需求面的影響較大?   由於一般業者對於樓層的定價原則與消費者購屋樓層選擇的主客觀考量因素不同,因此可藉由市場實際樓層價格分佈狀況反應出市場呈現何種導向,並可為市場樓層價差之形成提供一合理之解釋。   茲將本研究之主要研究成果與結論略述如下:   一、供給面:     1.供給面訂定樓層價差主要依據乃是根據既有的區域市場供給面平均價差水準,再以產品的個體差異性(注重建物各層的空間居住條件差異程度)採評點加總法做價格上的調整,對於樓層價差的訂價方式缺乏需求面資料變動的預測與分析。   二、需求面(問卷調查分析結果):     1.地區別因素與樓層間的價格差異皆不是決定居民選購樓層的主要考重因素,可見得台北市居民對於樓層的選購重視的是居住環境品質,而非價差因素。     2.居民屬性之年齡別、家庭成員組成不同皆會影響樓層之選擇。     3.最喜愛居住樓層所占百分比依次為三樓(22.2%)、五樓(12.6%)和一樓(12.2%),二樓亦佔了百分之11.8%,其餘樓層之喜愛人數則隨著高度的增加而減少。     4.最不喜愛樓層具有一般性,集中於一、二、四樓最多。     5.喜愛樓層與選購之重視因素關係而言,低、中、高樓層之訴求明顯不同,相近樓層間之空間屬性需求則相近。     6.由消費者樓層偏好人數問卷調查結果得知,大多數的居民仍偏向於居住較低樓層,中間樓層次之,高樓層喜居人數最少,由此可知,需求面考量之安全性、可及性因素,重於舒適性因子之需求;供給面考量重心則有所不同,舒適性因子重於安全性、可及性因子之需求。   三、市場實證分析:     1.民國80年代初期,經檢定結果得知,樓層變數對於樓層價差形成其有顯著的影響,可見得樓層間的價差現象確實存在。     2.影響樓層價差產生的因素主要可分為居民屬性與建物屬性兩類,建物屬性則為安全性、可及性與舒適性的差異影響較顯著。     3.就樓層間的價格分佈來說,五層樓以下的樓層間價格高低關係變動幅度較大,無一定的價差模式可循,五層樓以上的住宅,樓層間的價差關係較明確,具有樓層越高,價格越高的相同趨勢,且中間樓層之價差較大,高樓層之價差幅度較小,相近樓層間的價差較平緩。     4.個別地區樓層間的實際價格差距雖然因地區與業者主觀的定價模式的不同而會有所差異,但基本上,樓層的價格高低分佈和樓層的高度有著一定的關係。     5.消費者的偏好改變,對於個別樓層的價格會有所影響,但由於消費者的議價空間有限,因此整體而言,市場價格仍是反應供給面訂定樓層價差的定價原則與方式。   由此可知,臺灣住宅市場本就呈現強烈的供給導向,因此樓層價差自然較符合供給面之定價原則,需求面的真實偏好對於價差的形成雖亦具有影響力,但影響效果有限。
73

壽險商品店頭販賣市場潛在購買者之研究 / A Study of Potential buyer of life insurance Location Selling

王維元, Wang,Wai-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
一、研究目的:本研究的目的在了解以下的問題:1、「購買店頭販賣之 壽險商品的潛在消費者」與非潛在消費者的人口統計變項是否有所差異? 2、「購買店頭販賣之壽險商品的潛在消費者」與非潛在消費者對店頭販 賣壽險商品的態度為何?3、「購買店頭販賣之壽險商品的潛在消費者」 與非潛在消費者間之心理因素是否有所差異?4、「購買店頭販賣之壽險 商品的潛在消費者」對壽險資訊來源及對壽險資訊的注意程度。5、「購 買店頭販賣之壽險商品的潛在消費者」對壽險店頭市場地點的偏好?6、 「購買店頭販賣之壽險商品的潛在消費者」對店頭市場販賣壽險商品的偏 好?7、「購買店頭販賣之壽險商品的潛在消費者」對於壽險供應商有無 偏好?二、研究方法: 本研究以居住在大台北地區的民眾為研究對象, 並以壽險店頭市場為研究範圍,採用便利抽樣法抽樣,再利用統計方法上 的因素分析、卡方檢定、變異數分析、次數分析及相關分析等來作檢定與 分析。三、研究結果: 1.「年齡」、「婚姻狀況」、「教育程度」、「 個人所得約佔家中總所得比例」等人口統計變項,潛在與非潛在消費者有 顯著差異。 2.潛在與非潛在消費者對購買店頭市場販賣之壽險商品的態 度無顯著差異。 3.心理因素中,潛在與非潛在消費者只對「風險規避」 一項有顯著差異。 4.潛在消費者的資訊來源主要為「親友介紹」、「業 務員」、「報 紙」、「雜誌」、「電視」。 5.潛在消費者較偏好在「 銀行」、「百貨公司」購買壽險商品。 6.潛在消費者較偏好「終身壽險 」、「失能保險」、「醫療保險」及「生死合險─還本型」等壽險商品 。 7.潛在消費者多數表示只要保單合適,什麼性質的公司並不重要。
74

汽車保險整合行銷與商品創新之研究 / Research on integrated marketing and product innovation of auto insurance

陳文生 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要乃針對我國汽車保險當前所面對市場規模逐漸縮小的問題,探討其癥結所在並試圖提出因應之道,雖然過去已有不少的文獻針對汽車保險行銷或商品創新分別提出,但以台灣車險市場實務運作之角度及實況為出發點做探討,加入更多不同元素,提出較切合實務因應對策的相關文獻實屬有限。 我國汽車保險之保費收入多年來均約佔產險市場之半數。因此,汽車保險之發展對我國產險經營有著不可忽視的地位,即因如此重要,以致市場惡意競爭,經營環境紊亂,加上近年國內經濟環境惡化,更突顯業者在汽車保險經營方針上的偏差;而長期以來國人對汽車保險之投保觀念仍嫌不足,亦導致我國產險規模及普及率始終無法與國際先進國家相提並論,其中任意車險投保率長期僅維持六成水準左右,即證明了國人對汽車保險的不重視。綜合上述原因,遂使多數產險公司在汽車保險經營上瀕臨無核保利潤甚至虧損之狀態,嚴重影響我國金融保險市場之發展。 在探討汽車保險整合行銷與商品創新的研究中,本論文以目前我國汽車保險業者所面臨的真實困境為基礎,並結合行銷的元素及排除不符合市場運作情況,除以消費者的角度重新思考外,同時加入我國產險業實際運作上所面臨的盲點,提出數點建議,以期探尋出適合我國汽車保險經營的行銷模式及商品設計,本論文所提的問題多為筆者長期身處市場觀察之實情,期許能為我國汽車保險經營帶來改革,扭轉目前越來越小的產值規模,兼達消費者及保險公司雙贏之目標。 / Due to the decreasing automobile insurance market in Taiwan, in this research I try to focus on the true situation which I observe during my career. Though a popular topic, this issue was seldom discussed in research papers in a practical way. That is why I try to explain this situation at a different angle with a combination of various factors. Automobile insurance premium accounts for over half of non-life insurance premium in Taiwan and has been an integral part. Because of its enormous market stance, all non-life insurance companies would expand their market share of it at any expense. In doing so, non-life insurance companies face a vicious cycle of increasing competition followed by decreasing premium rates and it proves them wrong to implement these strategies. Furthermore, a merely 60% penetration rate of automobile insurance, which is below the average of developed countries, shows that Taiwanese people do not take it seriously. In conclusion, the non-life insurance market has been hugely impacted. By clearing the blind spots of Integrated Marketing and Product Innovation, in this research I try to find a new way to improve the even worse situation of automobile insurance market in Taiwan. With my career experience in this field, I give some recommendations in the hope of reversing the situation in the future.
75

中國合資壽險公司之商品策略分析 / The analysis for the product strategy of the joint venture life insurance companies in China

李敏貴, Lee, Ming Kuei Unknown Date (has links)
依據世界銀行統計,中國 2009 年 GDP 比重佔全球 14.5%,已超過日本,成為全球第二大經濟體。中國 GDP 穩定成長,人口老齡化加速,家庭越趨小型化,且人口越往城鎮集中。在 2010 年,壽險新契約保費超過 6,882 億元,同比增長近 27% ,但前三家壽險公司就佔了 55% 的市場。銀保及業務員約佔九成的市場,銷售商品仍以儲蓄為主,壽險市場發展空間極大。由於目前整體環境與時機對於兩岸在經貿合作上極為有利,臺灣壽險業遂積極加強推動兩岸經貿合作,以進入中國市場搶得先機。 本文先說明中國市場的熱銷商品及通路策略或經濟情況對商品策略的影響。另外驗證在銀保通路與業務員通路不同商品策略下,對財務的影響為何。躉繳型商品主要銷售通路為銀保;其利潤率雖低,但若有大量保費收入,將可迅速提高市占率及降低成本,在 10 年內損益兩平。但若公司投報率無法支應保證利率,對公司資本及利潤將產生明顯負面衝擊。 業務員通路主要銷售長年期壽險商品,雖利潤率較高,銷售量短期內不易大增,但有保費累積效果,亦可在 10 年內損益兩平。長年期壽險商品對公司投資報酬率反應較不明顯,因其初期建置成本高,若保費成長率不如預期,將延長首見利潤年度。 總而言之,不同公司有不同商品與通路策略,難以評論對或錯。主要視公司本身條件,善用其通路優勢及商品策略,配合環境與法令保持靈活調整,都可以有獲利及成長空間。
76

記者的過度商品化──以台灣電視新聞性談話節目中的記者為例 / The Hyper-commodification of Reporters: take the Reporter Guest in Taiwan’s Television News Talk Show as Example

彭后諦 Unknown Date (has links)
在知識經濟時代,知識成為傳統土地、勞力、資金之外的另一項生產元素。其次,媒體社會形成,符號的力量和價值提高,有時甚至超越真實。最後,市場導向的資本主義經營方式,使得媒體走向絕對的商業化:以上三點讓包括媒體在內的各行各業出現轉變。身為知識/資訊工作者的記者,其工作性質讓賦予他公眾知識份子的角色,讓他除了在所屬的媒體上生產訊息換取薪資之外,還能夠佔用社會中其他發言管道,將他自己變成具有使用、交換價值的商品。本文亦以台灣電視新聞性談話節目中的記者來賓為例,體現記者運用他本身的附加價值,使得自身成為可被消費的商品。 本文回顧了記者的發展史,歸納出記者在商業化媒體下的變化。然後本文整理知識經濟、知識政治、知識社會的相關文獻,加上符號學的分析,重新討論傳播商品化理論,提出記者(過度)商品化的模式。為了驗證此一模式的有效性,本文分析談話節目的來賓身份和出息次數、談話節目的內容言說及訪談閱聽人,一方面指出上節目記者的商業屬性,另一方面從閱聽人角度點出記者特殊社會地位權力。綜合理論分析和實際觀察資料,本文提出記者商品化的論述,也期待未來能有更多相關的研究。 / In an era of knowledge economy, knowledge, aside from land, labor and money, has become another productive element. Moreover, with the establishment of media society, the power and value of signs sometimes even surpass those of the reality. Finally, market-driven capitalism transforms the media into commercial-oriented companies. The above three phenomena change all walks of life. As an information worker, reporters are granted the role of public intellectual. They not only earn money by producing reports for its newspaper, they also make use of their use and exchange value by presenting themselves on other media channels. The dissertation takes the reporter guests in Taiwan’s TV news talk shows as example. Reporters make themselves commodities by the surplus value they carry. This dissertation reviews reporters’ history and the changes that industry has gone through. The dissertation then deals with theories such as knowledge economy, knowledge politics, knowledge society and semiology in order to re-discuss the commodity theory in communication studies. The result is a model of reporter’s “(hyper-) commodification.” The dissertation applies theories to analyze the background of talk show’s guests, and the discourse on the show. Interviews of the audience were conducted to further discuss the social power of reporters. The above analysis and theories finally give birth to a theory of the “hyper-commodification of reporter.”
77

衍生性商品的交易策略與風險管理-以中華郵政股份有限公司為例 / Trading strategies and risk management of derivatives - A Case Study of Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd.

張堯雄 Unknown Date (has links)
衍生性金融商品蘊藏著無限的利得,同時也存在著無限的風險,它可以成就首富,也可以摧毀巨擘。所以衍生性金融商品是一種極具魅力的理財工具,有些企業藉著它大發利市,但是因著它陷入萬劫不復者也不勝枚舉。 而公司存在的目的,旨在創造價值,以滿足利害關係人(如客戶、員工、股東等)的需求。所有公司均會面臨各種不確定性,其中具有負面影響者稱為風險,具有正面影響者則謂之機會,公司的價值可能因該等不確定性而降低或提升。 管理階層為了創造公司的最大價值,必須在公司成長、報酬與相關風險中取得最適平衡,決定可以接受的不確定性之程度,並有效處理相關風險與機會;而公司風險管理可以協助管理階層訂定策略及目標,有效分配資源,強化風險回應決策,降低非預期的營運風險與損失,以達成公司的營運目標。 費雪‧布萊克(Fischer Black)曾說:「有了衍生性商品,你幾乎可以擁有任何想要的報酬型態。只要你可以把它畫在紙上,或者以語言文字描述出來,就有人可以為你設計出,任何你想要的報酬型態的衍生性商品。」 因此,公司如何妥善運用衍生性金融商品,達成公司的營運目標,便成為值得探討的課題。所以,本文探討衍生性商品的交易策略與風險管理,期待能有效處理相關風險與機會,使公司在可接受的風險下,達成公司的營運目標。
78

由銀行合作企業分析瓜地馬拉的銀行商品 / Financial Inclusion: Analysis of Banking Products through Correspondent Banking Agents in Guatemala

石嘉德, Cid, Gabriela del Unknown Date (has links)
This paper provides an analysis on Financial Inclusion and a set of indicators to understand how adults in Guatemala manage their finances. The data shows that only 22 percent of the adult population has an account at a legitimate financial institution. In addition, 25 percent of adults report having saving habits but only 10 percent do it at a legitimate financial institution. Physical distance is a key factor in achieving Financial Inclusion in the country as the most common barrier for the use of financial products is the lack of financial service branches in many regions, especially in the northern part of the country. The purpose of this research was to find a method that could be implemented in Guatemala in order to introduce underserved people into the legitimate financial system. Special analysis was made on the Correspondent Banking model and it was found to be one of the most successful methods employed to improve access and usage of financial services in many countries. This branchless banking strategy can play a significant role in ensuring universal access to financial services, and be a cost-effective strategy for financial institutions to increase their customer base. Guatemala can use this current opportunity to guide its economic strategy towards the reduction of poverty, economic improvement and mitigation of some of the worst effects of being financially excluded.
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探討高階主管支持,透過供應商品質管理對供應商供貨穩定性之影響

賴子瑜 Unknown Date (has links)
企業在全球化趨勢影響下面對日漸劇烈的競爭,對於顧客需求快速改變必頇及時因應。同時在產品生命週期越來越短的情況下,如何有效率的生產以提昇企業績效,將成為企業是否具競爭力的重要關鍵。 企業為了因應顧客需求快速改變,企業產品品質必頇不斷跟著調整改善,才能符合顧客期望。而若高階主管能夠重視品質管理與改善,並全方位分析研究以掌握顧客需求,配合全體員工共同為品質改善而努力則會更有效率。品質改善過程需要相關零組件供應商緊密地配合,如果能夠與供應商發展長期穩定夥伴關係,互助合作對供應商交期也能有效縮短而穩定地供貨供料,共創雙贏這也將有助於提昇企業績效。 回顧相關文獻發現與供應商維持長期穩定關係將有助於穩定供貨供料,與供應商的關係從早先的互相競爭觀點,近年來已轉而成互惠互利共創雙贏、資訊利潤分享的合作關係。此外供應商的品質若能符合顧客標準對其競爭者相對來說也是一種技術門檻,公司培養的供應商又能維持良好的夥伴關係,對穩定供應商供貨將有所助益。 本研究透過資料分析認為若高階主管重視支持品質管理與改善,將能激勵員工朝著企業目標與願景共同前進,配合研究分析顧客需求並快速反應解決顧客之問題,能提高顧客滿意度。又依顧客需求投入資源協助供應商作品質管理與改善以通過或符合顧客標準,對產品品質與發展穩定供應商關係都很有幫助。而若能有長期穩定的供應商關係,對供應商供貨的穩定性也會很有助益,有穩定的供貨供料來源公司才能有效率地生產減少存貨,進而提昇企業整體績效。 / The market is increasingly competitive by the impact of globalization, and companies must respond in a timely manner to meet rapidly changing customers’ needs. In addition, product life cycles are shortened, and an efficient production becomes a key factor enabling companies remain competitive. In order to respond to the rapidly changing customers’ demand,companies must continuously improve the product quality. If the top management can focus on quality improvement, and conduct a detailed study understanding the customers’ needs with a full cooperation of employees, the company will be more efficient. Quality improvement process should closely cooperate with suppliers. If companies can develop a long-term and stable relationship with suppliers, a win-win situation will develop to improve business performance. It is found, from the literature review, that maintaining a long-term relationship with suppliers will stabilize materials supply. The relationship between companies and their suppliers has involved from competitive to mutual beneficial in recent years. In addition, it becomes a technical entry criterion, if the suppliers’ product quality meets customers’ requirements. The results of this study show that the top management involvement on quality management will encourage employees work toward company’s vision and objectives. If the supplier improve their quality certification or compliance with customers standards, its also a technical threshold relative to the competitors. Companies own specific training providers while maintaining stable partnership with the suppliers. Undoubtedly,it will also help to promote their competition.
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金融商品價值變動、公司特性與盈餘管理之關聯性 / Value changes in financial instruments, firm characteristics and earnings management: an empirical study of Taiwan listed companies

范凱鈞, Fan, Kai Chun Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之目的在於探討金融商品價值變動、公司特性與盈餘管理之關聯性,研究對象2006年1月1日至2009年6月30日金融業以外之上市公司作,並分為兩部分進行分析。第一部份檢視公司特性與其持有金融商品的關係,並觀察全球金融危機是否會影響公司對於金融商品之持有程度。第二部份探討金融商品價值變動以及公司特性是否會影響公司之盈餘管理行為。 本研究結果顯示,管理當局持股愈高、債務比率愈低、公司規模愈大、現金股利率愈高、流動性愈高以及研發費用率愈高之公司,其持有金融商品之程度愈高。產業為電子業之公司較其他產業之公司持有較少之金融商品。全球金融危機發生之後,公司對金融商品之持有程度有明顯下降之情況。 此外,金融資產評價利益、金融資產評價損失與金融負債評價損失與盈餘管理之關係符合損益平穩化之理論;金融商品減損損失與盈餘管理之關係則符合洗大澡之理論。管理當局持股比率愈高時,愈會將裁量性應計向上操縱或向下操縱,而債務比率愈高之公司,愈會將裁量性應計向下操縱。公司資金愈多,管理階層愈不會操縱裁量性應計,但其差異較不明顯。而電子業公司之盈餘管理幅度則小於非電子產業公司。 / This purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between value changes in financial instruments, firm characteristics and earnings management. The study includes two parts and uses a sample of the companies (excluding financial firms) listed at the Taiwan Stock Exchange from January 2006 to June 2009. First, I examine the relationship between company characteristics and their holdings of financial instruments. It also examines whether the global financial crisis affected these companies’ holdings of financial instruments. Secondly, I examine whether the value changes of financial instruments and company characteristics affect the sample companies’ earnings management behavior. The empirical results show that the companies with higher management ownership, lower debt ratio, larger size, higher cash dividend yield, higher liquidity, and higher rates of R&D have tend to hold more financial instruments. Companies in the electronics industry hold less financial instruments. Companies kept less financial instruments decreased after the global financial crisis. In addition, the relationship between valuation gain and loss on financial assets, valuation loss on financial liabilities and earnings management conforms to the theory of income smoothing. And the relationship between financial instruments impairment losses and earnings management is consistent with the big bath theory. Management with higher ownership tends to manipulate more discretionary accruals. Companies with higher debt ratio tend to manipulate discretionary accruals downward. For the companies with more funds, their management manipulates less discretionary accruals, although the difference is less obvious. Earnings management by the companies in the electronics industry is less than those in other industries.

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