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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

大學實驗室組織平台與知識流通之研究─以八間光電領域之實驗室為例 / The Impact of Characteristics of University Laboratory Organization Environment and Knowledge Circulation─ A Case Study on Eight Optical Laboratories

李憲璋, James Lee Unknown Date (has links)
研究目的 主要欲探討大學實驗室的組織平台,以及組織知識流通的重要活動,以及組織平台與組織知識流通的互動。 研究方法 本研究採「多重個案分析」(multi-case)之「個案研究法」,以深入訪談大學實驗室的教授、實驗室成員等為主,次級資料蒐集閱讀為輔,期能夠依照研究目的提出結論與建議。 研究發現 壹、領導者角色與組織的知識流通 1.在光電領域的實驗室中,領導者的研究方向會影響成員題目概念的生成方式。 1-1.在光電領域實驗室中,老師的研究方向愈趨向於執行業界的合作案時,碩士班學生的題目概念生成愈趨於上而下。 1-2.在光電領域實驗室中,老師的研究方向愈趨向於學術研究時,碩士班學生的題目概念生成愈趨於下而上。 1-3.在光電領域實驗室中,老師的研究方向不論是趨向於執行業界的合作案或是學術研究,博士班學生的題目概念生成均趨向於下而上。 貳、教育訓練與組織的知識流通 2.在光電領域實驗室中,成員教育訓練的設計有助於實驗室之知識取得與蓄積。 3.在光電領域實驗室中,聚餐、出遊、球敘以及玩LAN-game是最常見的促進成員感情之方式,良善的群體關係有助於實驗室氣氛的和諧,進而有利群體目標的達成。 叁、激勵制度與組織的知識流通 4.在光電領域的實驗室中,激勵學生最常使用的方法是教授以身作則、培養成功的經驗、給予口頭上的贊許與勉勵、給予適當的獎勵津貼以及提供代表出席研討會的機會。 5.在光電領域的實驗室中,使用具正面增強作用的獎勵津貼制度,有助於實驗室成員知識創造的動機。 肆、團隊溝通合作與組織的知識流通 6.在光電領域的實驗室中,透過團隊與合作有助於實驗室知識在轉換過程中的擴散與蓄積。 6-1.在光電領域的實驗室中,知識經驗透過師徒制,以學長帶領學弟共同實做的方式,有助於知識在共同化過程中的蓄積與擴散。 6-2.在光電領域的實驗室中,知識經驗透過技術化文件、實驗成果文件的方式,有助於知識在外化過程中蓄積與擴散。 6-3.在光電領域的實驗室中,知識經驗透過meeting的舉行以及面對面的直接溝通,有助於知識經驗在結合過程中的創造。 6-4.在光電領域實驗室中,知識經驗透過實驗室內部的資料庫建置,有助於知識經驗在結合過程中的蓄積與擴散。 伍、團隊組成與組織的知識流通 7.在光電領域實驗室中,實驗室成員的組成會影響實驗室的知識流通。 7-1.在光電領域實驗室中,以物理/材料、電機/電子、機械/力學背景的學生居多,並當學生來自於物理/材料、電機/電子相關領域時,有助於縮短教育訓練的時間及加速內隱知識的分享。 7-2.在光電領域實驗室中,老師傾向選擇具有積極的學習態度及意願者,並當新進成員擁有積極的學習態度及意願時,有助於實驗室成員對知識創造的動機。 8.在光電領域實驗室中,擁有知識創造型成員有助於組織內部知識的流通。 8-1.博士後研究員及博士班學生趨向為實驗室中之知識工程師以及知識執行人員,使內部知識可由中而上而下的傳遞,其任務包含計劃的協調和管理、創造新知、引領學弟妹熟悉實驗室、執行計畫、分享知識經驗。 8-2.碩士生及大學專題生趨向為實驗室中之知識執行人員,累積和產生實驗室內隱及外顯知識,其任務包括執行計畫、分享知識經驗。 研究結論 對大學實驗室領導者 1.給予學生適切且明確的目標,降低組織給予成員的焦慮和不確定性 2.提倡增強作用的獎勵機制 3.創造各種知識學習的機會 4.建立利於創造的環境,避免成員遭受被評價的恐懼 5.重視知識的整合與應用,跳脫僵硬化的強記 6.強化實驗室成員知識分享的意願和習慣 對大學實驗室成員 1.加強專業技術的背景 2.增強自我學習的動機 3.培養獨立思考的能力 / Abstract Research Objective It discuss about the Organizational Environment of laboratories in the University, activities which help to circulate the knowledge in an organization and the interaction between Organizational Environment and the knowledge circulation. Research Method According to the Case Study by the Multi-case theory, the major information is base on the interview of both professors and the members in laboratories, and the inferior information is gotten by ways of searching and collecting a large amount of data. Hoping to bring up the conclusion and the suggestion by the aim. Research Conclusion For leaders of laboratories in the University:1. Students are given clear and definite targets and leaders also have to reduce the anxiety and the uncertainty of members.2.Making use of the reward policy according to the Positive Reinforcement Theory.3.Creating opportunities of learning.4. Creating an environment in which creativity is encouraged.5. Instead of cramming the knowledge in to one’s memory, integration and application are paid much attention.6. To form the habit of sharing knowledge. For members of laboratories in the University:1. To reinforce the specialized field or subject.2. To strengthen the motive of self-learning.3. Develop the ability of thinking independently. Keyword:Laboratory, Organizational Environment, knowledge circulation, optical science
22

大學實驗室的人力資源管理與知識創造-以學術卓越與工業創新的IC設計實驗室為例

曾立欣, Lenny Tseng Unknown Date (has links)
在知識經濟時代,知識創造是組織所需要面臨的重要議題,而為了有效達成知識創造的目的,優良的人力資源管理是關鍵因素之一。成功的企業知識管理,來自於人力資源管理的支持,帶動良好的組織文化和結構,以及員工樂於分享、創造並應用知識的組織能力。 面對提昇與加強國家競爭力與產業技術的過程中,人力資源往往是最重要的因素,而大學是人力資源的大本營,大學在技術網路中,扮演兩種角色,第一是作基礎的研究,其知識可以做為廠商後續開發之用;第二,大學可以協助企業訓練人才,特別是增強理論方面的知識,妥善運用大學研發實力已成為政府科技政策中極重要的一環。 因此本研究之目的,主要欲探討大學實驗室的人力資源管理,以及組織知識創造的重要活動,以及人力資源管理與組織知識創造的互動,而研究對象為學術卓越與工業創新之大學IC設計實驗室。本研究之研究發現如下: 1、大學實驗室的人力資源管理內涵 研究發現1-1:大學實驗室的人力組成會影響實驗室教育訓練。大學實驗室的博士生組成會影響實驗室教育訓練涉入程度。人力組成中的博士生在實驗室的比率,比率越高,實驗室技術類教育訓練越紮實。 2、大學實驗室的組織知識創造活動內涵 研究發現2-1:大學實驗室知識庫的技術文件管理,可以顯著的縮短成員的學習時間,幫助成員快速的進入到學習的下一個階段,提早成為實驗室具有知識創造能力的一員。 研究發現2-2:大學實驗室透過師徒制的帶領方式,有助於組織內分享內隱知識。 研究發現2-3:大學實驗室的創造觀念,強調的重點不同,會影響實驗室跨層次知識擴展方式。大學實驗室的創造觀念越強調研究上的前瞻性,實驗室跨層次知識擴展傾向採取技術移轉。大學實驗室的創造觀念越強調解決實際問題,實驗室跨層次知識擴展傾向採取合作開發。 研究發現2-4:大學實驗室的建立原型過程中,採取資訊的重覆來幫助實驗室的知識學習。 研究發現2-5:大學實驗室的跨層次知識擴展,有助於實驗室內部知識庫的知識累積與創造。 3、大學實驗室的人力資源管理與組織知識創造活動的互動 研究發現3-1:大學實驗室人員組成中的共同背景程度高時,有助於影響實驗室分享內隱知識。大學IC設計實驗室成員來自於電子、電機相關領域時,有助於內隱知識的加速分享。 研究發現3-2:大學實驗室的內部氣氛會影響實驗室分享內隱知識。大學實驗室的內部氣氛開放時,有助於實驗室分享內隱知識。 研究發現3-3:大學實驗室的組織設計強調技術領域的專案編組時,實驗室確認觀念方式會 強調透過專案團隊討論的方式,達到確認觀念的目的。 研究發現3-4:大學實驗室在知識創造的考量下,會影響實驗室組織結構的設計。實驗室組織結構在層級結構下,更加強調按照技術領域的專案編組,而專案編組的重要性凌駕於層級結構之上。 研究發現3-5:大學實驗室的創造觀念會影響實驗室工作設計。 / In knowledge-economy era, knowledge creation is the essential issue that each organization is urged to face. In order to fulfill the purpose of knowledge creation, well-organized human resource management is one of the key factors. Universities are the crib of human resource. In technical network, universities play two important roles. The first role is to do fundamental researches, which leads the constant developments in the industry. The second one is to help cultivate the skillful personnel for the industry, especially enhance their theoretical knowledge. Therefore, to make the best use of the research potential in universities has already been a significant part of the technology policy in the government. The main purpose of this research aims to discuss the human resource management in university labs, the vital activities in knowledge creation, and the interaction between human knowledge management and knowledge creation. The research is a case study of the IC-design Labs in universities, which possess the outstanding performance in academic fields and devote to the industrial innovation.
23

跨領域整合大學實驗室之核心能力與知識創造活動之研究:以台大微奈米機電系統實驗室為例

楊佳珮, Chia Pei Yang Unknown Date (has links)
中文摘要 知識經濟的到來意味著知識將成為生財的主要工具。麻省理工學院(MIT)教授萊斯特•梭羅(Lester Thurow)在其1999年的大作「知識經濟時代」(Building Wealth)當中開宗明義便提到,時值二十和二十一世紀之交,微電子、電腦、電信、新人造材料、機器人、生物科技等六大新科技彼此結合互動,創造一個嶄新的經濟世界。這六大領域所屬的基礎科學突飛猛進,開發全新的科技,也造就全新的產業:電腦、半導體、雷射等等。人類已經不能再靠以往的舊公式功成名就。人類發展史上,控制土地、黃金、及石油等天然資源一項是功成名就的要素。但一夕之間,成功的要素變成了「知識」。而要不斷的維持成功與累積優勢,持續創造並且累積「知識」則成為相當重要的課題。 隨著產業的發展,科技跨領域整合的需求程度日益提高。光電產業、數位內容產業、奈米產業、資訊電子產業、微機電產業,在在都不是任何一項單一技術與科技能夠促成的產業。其中,台灣在微機電產業的發展上,因為具有過去累積豐厚的半導體相關知識技能,因此微機電產業被認為是台灣相當有潛力的下一世代重要產業。 在產業持續創新這個過程當中,除了產業本身的研發單位的努力之外,學校的實驗室也在不同的領域扮演越來越重要的角色。然而,對於這股重要的研發勢力,至今台灣對它內部組織平台,核心能力的養成與蓄積,以及知識創造活動的實際內涵並不甚了解。因此本論文選擇針對台灣最重要的微機電系統相關大學實驗室之一─台灣大學微奈米機電系統實驗室─作深入的單一個案研究,以Dorothy Leonard-Barton(1995)的架構,探討一個科技跨領域整合程度高、與產業界互動密切的大學實驗室,其組織核心能力為何?其核心能力如何養成並且累積?實驗室的知識創造活動如何?知識創造活動與核心能力之間的關係如何? 本研究發現,對於跨領域整合的實驗室來說,要促進並且確保團隊合作的品質是第一要務,而這個目標的達成則是實驗室整體核心能力的展現。他不是一個單一構面能夠達成的,而是從員工知識技能、實體科技系統、管理系統與價值觀和組織文化整體配套之下的組合。其中畫龍點睛的部分,就是組織文化以及價值觀。跨領域整合的實驗室要能夠成功,其價值觀必須相當重視「人」的價值。把「人」當作最大的資產,並且以「人」的整合為首要,而非把「人」只當作是「技術」的載具。因為對「人」的重視,因此他必須要在組織架構與管理系統的設計上都處處考慮到什麼樣的環境能夠促進成員以組織大目標為前提貢獻所能。 單打獨鬥的研究單位因為資源與知識範疇的有限,要開發出一套系統應用的研究成果具有相當大的難度。他們在專業能力的深化上面也許使他們能夠有能力開發出一個技術難度相當高並且有價值的單一元件,然而要對民生經濟與產業有貢獻,光是單一元件是不夠的。因此相對來說,具有跨領域整合能力的研究單位,透過系統整合開發的角度,回來把所需元件兜在一起,迅速整合之後對於民生經濟與產業所造成的貢獻,以及知識整合加值之後所產生的爆發力是相當驚人的。 / Abstract Knowledge is the most important building block of the so called “New Economy”. MIT professor Lester Thurow wrote in his book “Building Wealth: The New Rules for Individuals, Companies and Nations in a Knowledge-Based Economy”, “Knowledge is the new basis for wealth.” He also wrote that, “…A third industrial revolution is under way. Microelectronics, computers, telecommunications, designer materials, robotics and biotechnologies are transforming all facets of life.” Nowadays, the most crucial way to gain and strengthen an organization’s competency is through well management of knowledge. The need of cross-discipline knowledge is becoming more and more urgent as the complexity of the industry heightens. Industries including electronic-optic industry, digital content industry, nanotechnology industry, micro-electro-mechanical industry, etc are all examples of industries that rely highly on cross-discipline technology. Because of the maturity of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry, it is highly expected that micro-electro-mechanical industry will flourish. The collaboration of the industry and university labs is becoming more and more important in the R&D environment. However, there is not as much research on university labs as there are on corporate labs. This research focuses on one of the most important MEMS university labs in Taiwan—NEMS/MEMS Lab of National Taiwan University. The research discusses the following questions under Dorothy Leonard-Barton’s (1995) framework: What is the core competency of a highly cross-disciplined system integrated university lab? How does the university lab strengthen its core competency? What are the knowledge creating activities specifically? How do the knowledge creating activities interact with its core competency? This research finds that the acknowledgement of knowledge management, organization culture, and the value of people is the key to the success of a highly cross-disciplined system integrated university lab. They should not be merely slogans of management studies, but should be embedded in daily operations and value systems of all team members. With that, the power and contribution of the university labs will be significant.
24

定錨效果對快速消費品使用量之影響 / The Effects of Anchors on Usage Amount of Fast Moving Consumer Goods

江美賢 Unknown Date (has links)
快速消費品的使用為我們每天生活中不可或缺的部分,廠商對於快速消費品產品外觀設計也推陳出新,然而與產品外觀相關的定錨,是否能刺激消費者做出不同判斷,進而影響使用量成為本研究關注主軸。社會判斷理論主張個體對刺激的判斷非固定,而會受刺激所存在的外在環境影響,並據此展開一連串針對個體對外在刺激如何形成印象並做出判斷與回應,表現在行為上的討論和理論。其中如Kahneman與Tversky在1974年提出的定錨捷思法,便認為決策者不是理性的,其判斷會受到一個初始值或初始點影響,根據此初始點調整自己的判斷和決策。   本研究參考定錨點之理論與概念,推論經由操弄快速消費品產品外觀的定錨,能夠影響受測者對快速消費品可用量初始點的知覺,進而影響其使用量。根據上述推論,本研究規劃兩大研究主軸,共進行三個實驗,以驗證定錨點對快速消費品使用量造成的影響。   本研究採取實驗法,共包含兩個研究、三個子實驗。研究一包含兩個實驗,關注的焦點在於「定錨效果對快速消費品使用量的影響」,以及界定各種可能對消費者使用量有影響的外在定錨參考;研究二進行實驗三,目的則在確認定錨對使用量的影響後,進一步關注「定錨對使用量的影響效果是否受消費者調節焦點差異影響」。   研究一中,實驗一選定定錨點中最容易感覺差異的「容器大小」,經由前測移除不適合受測的產品並調整實驗程序後,選用牙膏作為實驗標的,驗證牙膏的容器大小對使用量的影響。由於實驗一正式的實驗產品為牙膏,存在使用工具(牙刷)這項可能的定錨參考,也透過觀察發現剩餘量對使用量似乎會造成影響,因而在正式實驗中再加上「使用工具大小」與「剩餘量多寡」兩項變數。為利於觀察剩餘量多寡,實驗二加入透明容器進入實驗設計,並改用洗手乳作為實驗標的,分析洗手乳「容器大小」、「容器透明與否」與「剩餘量多寡」對於使用量的影響。   研究二關注調節焦點差異對定錨效果的影響,因此實驗三加入「調節焦點導向」變數,除了複製並小幅修正實驗二的實驗方法,以再次驗證洗手乳的「容器大小」、「容器透明與否」與「剩餘量多寡」對於使用量的影響外,進而分析依調節焦點區分為重視追求正面結果的促進導向(promotion focus)、重視避免負面結果的預防導向(prevention focus)兩群受測者,定錨效果的影響是否有差異。   研究一結果顯示,與產品外觀相關的定錨點對快速消費品的使用量有顯著影響,並驗證「容器大小」、「容器透明與否」與「產品剩餘量多寡」三組定錨效果。其中大容器、透明容器、剩餘量較多等「可用量較充足、較確定」的定錨點會造成使用量顯著較多;反之,小容器、非透明容器、剩餘量較少等「可用量較缺乏、較不確定」的定錨會造成使用量顯著較少。   研究二除了再次驗證研究一的三組定錨點與使用量的關係外,更進一步發現定錨點對不同調節焦點導向受測者的效果差異。相對於促進導向受測者,定錨效果對預防導向的受測者影響更為顯著,「容器透明與否」對預防導向者使用有顯著影響,且「容器透明與否」對「剩餘量多寡」的調節作用也會顯著影響預防導向者的使用量。   整體而言,本研究驗證了與產品外觀相關的定錨為能夠影響快速消費品使用量的客觀刺激,並發現「容器大小」、「容器透明與否」與「剩餘量多寡」三組定錨點與使用量間的關係,及其效果在預防導向者身上較顯著的現象。 / Could the anchors relating to the appearance of product stimulate consumers to make different judgment and further affect the amount of usage? This is the focus of this study. “Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristics”, a theory suggested by Kahneman and Tversky (1974), assumed decision-makers are irrational, they will make estimates based on an initial value or starting point and then ‘adjusting’ their judgments and decisions. This study applies the concept of “anchors” to the using behaviors of fast moving consumer goods and assumes that marketers could stimulate the perception of consumers by manipulating the anchors relating to the appearance of products and affect the usage amount of them. Due to the hypothesis, this research develops two studies consisting three experiments to verify the effects of anchors on the amount of usage on fast moving consumer goods. Study one includes two experiments focusing on identifying the possible anchors influencing the usage amount. Study two includes the third experiment focusing on the effects of regulatory focus on anchoring effects. Experiment one chooses “the size of container” to be the first anchor of test and toothpaste as the product for the experiment after removing unsuitable product through pretest. Due to the common behavior of using toothpaste with tool (toothbrush) simultaneously, experiment one add “the size of tool” to be another possible anchor. Moreover, experiment one finds that the “residual amount” seems to affect the usage amount. Therefore, experiment one added “the size of tool” and “residual amount” in the formal experiment. To observe and measure the residual amount easily, experiment two added “transparent container” into the experimental design and use hand soap as the product for experiment to analyze the anchoring effects of “the size of container”, “residual amount” and “transparency of container”. Study two concerns the effects of regulatory focus on anchoring effects. Therefore, experiment three added the variable of “regulatory focus”. Aside from duplicating experiment two to verify the anchoring effects demonstrated in study one. Experiment three separates participants into the “promotion focus” and “prevention focus” groups by regulatory focus theory and analyze the difference of anchoring effects between them. The results of study one are as following. “Bigger container”, “more residual amount” and “transparent container” which convey the “sufficient and certain” available quantity, will result in more usage amount. Otherwise, “smaller container”, “less residual amount” and “non-transparent container” which convey the “insufficient and uncertain” available quantity, will result in less usage amount. The results of study two are as following. (1) Verified the anchoring effects on usage amount which study one assumed again. (2) Verified the difference of anchoring effects on usage amount between the promotion focus and prevention focus people. Anchoring effects are more significant on prevention focus people. Specifically, “Transparency of container” has significant effect on prevention focus people. Moreover, the moderating effect of “transparency of container” and “residual amount” to the usage amount is significant. To sum up, one of the key findings in this study is verifying that anchors relating to the appearance of products are objective stimuli which can affect the usage amount of fast moving consumer goods and certifying the anchoring effects of “size of container”, “residual amount” and “transparency of container”. Another key finding of this study is the more significant anchoring effects on the prevention focus people than on the promotion focus people.
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批判思考教學策略運用在國小五年級社會科之實驗研究 / An experimental study about implementing the teaching strategies of critical thinking in social class of 5th-grade elementary school

陳萩卿, Chen, Chiu-Ching Unknown Date (has links)
本研究依據批判思考主要特徵與教學理論,建構一套批判思考教學模式。根據文獻探討界定:一、批判思考主要內涵為批判思考能力、批判思考傾向與批判思考所需之必要知識;二、本研究所採之批判思考教學模式為前導活動、呈現主題、概念比較、分組活動、發表與澄清以及判斷與選擇。為探討批判思考教學在國小社會科實施效果,分別以兩所國小五年級中的兩班學生為研究對象,進行兩個月教學實驗,並編製批判思考測驗以比較兩組在批判思考學習效果的差異,此外,蒐集批判思考教學組學生在教學過程之相關資料進行質的分析。本研究工具為(一)批判思考測驗;(二)學習日記;(三)學習回饋問卷;(四)個案學習回饋問卷。 主要研究結果如下: 一、本研究之批判思考教學對批判思考能力有顯著教學效果。 二、本研究之批判思考教學對批判思考傾向有顯著教學效果。 三、本研究之批判思考教學對學生辯論之參與、聚焦與流暢性、意見陳述與反駁方面有明顯幫助。 四、接受批判思考教學的學生在信任理性、提出客觀且良好理由、多元思考等方面有顯著進步。 五、批判思考教學組學生對本研究之批判思考教學有相當正面的評價。 針對上述發現進行討論並提出建議: 1.本研究之批判思考教學模式值得國小社會課嘗試。2.應以學生個別差異實施批判思考教學。3.可採對話與辯證方式進行社會課教學。4.應營造安全溫暖且容忍犯錯的學習環境。5.宜容許社會課教學活動設計有彈性調整空間。6.應採多元評量的方式與內容。7.可設計學習單幫助學生有效蒐集資料。8.宜運用學習日記幫助學生進行反思。9.教師應重視批判思考教學並進行相關研究。 / This study constructs a model for teaching critical thinking based on the major characteristics and theories of critical thinking. To probe into the effects of teaching critical thinking in social studies, the researcher performs an experiment on a sample of 131 fifth-grade elementary school students for two months. The data-collection instruments include: (a) The Critical Thinking Test; (b) The Learning Diary; (c) The Learning Feedback Questionnaire; and (d) The Learning Feedback Questionnaire For Special Case. The following conclusions become evident. On the theoretical aspect: first, the main concepts of critical thinking include critical thinking ability, critical thinking disposition and the knowledge for critical thinking; second, the steps of the model for teaching critical thinking are guiding activities, displaying theme, comparing concepts, group discussion, sharing and clarifying, and finally, judgment and decision-making. On the experimental aspect: it was found that (a) Teaching critical thinking has significantly positive effects both on critical thinking ability and on critical thinking disposition. (b) Teaching critical thinking helps students have good performance in debates. (c) The students of experimental group make great progress on achieving confidence in reason and pluralistic thinking. (d) The students of experimental group give a vary positive evaluation on teaching critical thinking. Through these results, some guidelines are suggested as follows: (a) The model for teaching critical thinking is of great worth in social studies. (b) Critical thinking should be taught according to individual difference of students. (c) Dialogue and dialectic process is good for teaching social studies. (d) The atmosphere of classroom must be safe, warm and tolerating learning error. (e) Teachers should put emphasis on teaching critical thinking and on probing into critical thinking.
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訊息不對稱下,消費者行為和廠商行銷理念關係之研究 / Under Asymmetric Information, The Relationship of The behavior of Consumer and The Marketing Strategy of Firm.

陳雲雯, Chen, Yun Wen Unknown Date (has links)
Cho-Kreps(1987)提出以equilibrium dominance的方法找出直覺均衡(intuitive equilibrium)的概念,使得最終均衡收斂至直覺均衡。但是根據實驗結果顯示,均衡的考量不是那麼輕鬆而簡單的,由實驗二我們可以看出,運用``情境模擬''的方法,建議參賽者對於決策的認知行為,使得參賽者的認知模糊化後運用equilibrium dominance的方法,會使最終均衡呈現環循的趨勢而並不會收斂至直覺均衡的結果。此外Cho-Kreps(1987)所提出的文章中,可以dominate掉非直覺均衡有一個重要的關鍵變項就是---``演說(Speech)'',由實驗三我們可以得知加入``演說''這個變項後,不能明顯看出會使最終均衡``加速''收斂至直覺均衡。但是由實驗四的結果我們可得知,在情境模擬的環境下使參賽者的認知模糊,那麼此時加入``演說``這個變項確實能發揮其重要性,使得參賽者雙方的認知更清楚化,以便能排除非直覺均衡而收斂至直覺均衡另外Cho-Kreps(1987)所討論參賽者在做決策的方法中並未說明參賽者的風險態度和決策行為的關係,若縮短參賽者雙方的報酬差距,使得參賽者的決策風險變小,使雙方參賽者願意``賭''的誘因增加。由實驗六的結果可以得知可運用``學習''的方法,使得參賽者靠自己本身的學習來確認其應該已知的認知,以降低參賽者對雙方認知的不確定性,因此使得雙方``賭''的意願降低以使最終均衡可快速收斂至直覺均衡。最後由人格風險量表整理可得風險喜好程度的參賽者比較願意去賭,因此風險態度愈高愈不易使均衡收斂至直覺均衡。總括來說,Cho-Kreps(1987)所提出運用equilibrium dominance的方法求得合理的直覺均衡的概念必須是在參賽者雙方對於決策行為認知的不確定性小的時候才能成立。
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體驗行銷對不同程度消費幻想者的影響 / The effects of experiential marketing on consumers with fantasy

周昕緯, Chou, Hsin Wei Unknown Date (has links)
Schmitt (1999) 提出體驗行銷的五種類型分別為感官、情感、思考、行動與關聯,並分別定義出這些行銷方法的意義與影響。李德儀 (2005) 以深度訪談法提出消費幻想的基本概念與構面,謝易儒 (2009) 重新定義幻想的四大構面:取得距離、過去經驗、細膩程度與持續程度,並發表消費幻想的量表。本研究認為體驗行銷能夠滿足Holbrook與Hirschman (1982) 提出於消費體驗中的幻想,因此本研究探討Schmitt (1999) 的五種體驗行銷是否能滿足不同幻想程度的消費者。   本研究採實驗法,共有五個子實驗。經過前測後,設計出五組模擬彩色廣告,每一組各包含兩張廣告,一張為含有體驗行銷訴求的廣告,一張為不含體驗行銷的廣告,共十張受測者觀看廣告後,藉由問卷衡量出對廣告的看法以及幻想程度。本研究採用五種體驗之2(體驗行銷的有無)x 2(消費幻想程度高低) MANOVA,分析測試受測者面對有無體驗的廣告對廣告內容的偏好度與認知程度是否有所影響,並且衡量體驗與幻想的交互作用是否顯著。   研究結果顯示:一、面對情感體驗行銷,相對於幻想持續程度低者,幻想持續程度高者對行銷內容的偏好度與認知程度較高。二、面對關聯體驗行銷,相對於幻想細膩程度低者,幻想細膩程度高者對行銷內容的偏好度與認知程度較高。   整體而言,本研究發現情感體驗能夠影響幻想持續程度高的消費者,關聯體驗能夠影響幻想細膩程度高的消費者,廠商若針對不同幻想程度的消費者進行特定的體驗行銷,能夠增加消費者對產品或服務的偏好度與認知程度,達到更好的體驗行銷效果。 / Schmitt (1999) pointed out five modules to interpret “Experiential Marketing,” “Sense,” “Feel,” “Think,” “Act” and “Relate,” and defined the meaning and effectiveness of these marketing methods. Lee (2005) defined “Consumption Fantasy,” and Hsieh (2009) identified the four dimensions: “Accessibility,” ”Pass Experience Relatedness,” “Fineness,” and “Continuity,” and then developed the fantasy inventory. In addition, Holbrook and Hirschman (1982) suggested that fantasy is a part of consumption experience, which can be satisfied during the consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of various kinds of experiential marketing on consumers with different levels of consumption fantasy. Experiments are used for this study. Five sets of fictitious colored advertisements were designed; each set had two advertisements of experiential marketing and non-experiential marketing. A 2 (experiential marketing: yes versus no) x 2 (consumption fantasy: high versus low) experimental design collected data from student samples via traditional paper-and-pen or the website on the Internet. The results of the research are as the followings. (1) The advertisement contained with the “Feel” experiential marketing affected consumers with strong "continuity" fantasy more than others. (2) The advertisement contained with the “Relate” experiential marketing affected the consumers with strong "Fineness" fantasy more than others. To sum up, the key finding of this study is that different “Experiential Marketings” can affect consumers on specific fantasies more than others. Thus, marketers can employ specific experiential marketing for the right target to enhance their preference to the products and services advertised.
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供應商績效評估研究-結合ANP及DEMATEL之應用

紀岱玲 Unknown Date (has links)
供應商績效評估一直都是供應鏈管理重要的課題,企業中的採購部門必須定期的評估供應商的績效,以期望供應商能達到企業的需求。在進行供應商評估時,必須同時考慮多個指標及決定指標的權重,由於指標間具有相依及回饋的情形,因此權重的決定也較為複雜,此外,由於績效指標有互相影響的情形,指標間的關連度也是評估供應商時必須考慮的問題。本研究提出一個新的供應商績效評估方法,結合分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process, ANP)及決策實驗室法(Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, DEMATEL)建構評估模式,以達到正確的評估供應商績效,及可回溯績效表現找出關鍵改善原因之目的。 在進行供應商績效評估時,利用分析網路程序法求出各指標的權重,量化指標並求得供應商的總分;另外利用決策實驗室法得知各指標的因果關係及關連度大小,當檢視供應商績效時,可從權重大或關連度大但表現差的指標回溯,以提供供應商改善的方向。最後以模擬的方式進行驗證,結果顯示本研究對指標之排序符合模擬之結果,因此可供企業參考使用。 / Supplier performance evaluation for some time now has been receiving increasing importance as a supply chain management component. Purchasing managers need to periodically evaluate supplier performance in order to retain those suppliers who meet their requirements. Buyers usually consider multi-criteria and must determine the relative weights of the criteria when evaluating suppliers. Because of these performance criteria usually exist interdependence and feedback, the weights of the criteria are hard to obtain. In addition, performance criteria usually affect each other, so the direct and indirect effects are also a crucial problem when evaluating suppliers. This paper proposes a model which combines the methods of the analytic network process (ANP) and the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to evaluate supplier performance accurately and can find out which criterion is the key factor to improve performance. When evaluating a supplier, ANP are used to determine the weights of performance criteria and can get the total performance of the supplier. DEMATEL are used to compute the effects between criteria. The model can propose the criterion which is the most important or affects other criteria the most, so buyers will know which criterion can improve the performance the most and can ask suppliers to modify it. Finally, a simulation is employed to verify our model. The result through the simulation is complied with our model, so it can provide the information for making decision concerning suppliers performance.
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逐步應力加速型一區間設限下之允收抽樣計畫 / Acceptance Sampling Plans under Step-stress Test and Type Ⅰ Interval Censoring Data

陳信豪, Chen, Hsin-Hao Unknown Date (has links)
在壽命檢測試驗中,當我們因故或基於實驗上的方便無法連續觀察檢驗產品時,可以採用區間設限方式進行試驗,此外,對於許多長壽命的零件與產品,我們很難在試驗結束之前觀測到足夠的試驗單位死亡個數,此時可以採用加速壽命試驗的方式進行試驗,此種試驗方法可使受測的試驗單位提早故障,以有效地減少試驗所需的時間,並達到縮減成本的目的。本論文結合逐步應力加速試驗、型一設限以及區間設限,探討當產品壽命服從Rayleigh分配時,如何建立壽命檢驗計畫,在給定生產者風險與消費者風險下,求出壽命檢驗計畫所需的最小樣本數,以及判定貨批是否接受的壽命檢定臨界值,並將以上結果編製成表,以利實務界使用。 / In life test experiment we use interval censoring to complete it when we can not inspect the experiment units continuously due to some accidents or for convenience. Furthermore, it is difficult to obtain enough units of breakdown products for many long life components and products. At this moment we can adopt step-stress life test to proceed the experiment. Using this method we can make the test units breakdown early for reducing the time test needed effectively and save prime cost. In this thesis, acceptance sampling plans are established for Rayleigh lifetime data under step-stress and type I interval censoring scheme. The minimum sample sizes and the corresponding critical values of lifetime needed for test plans are found. Some tables are provided for the use of the proposed test plans.
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《I’MPERFECT》實驗性影音創作 / I’MPERFECT. -An Experimental Multi-Media Presentation

薛慶琪 Unknown Date (has links)
本影音創作以筆者父親逝世的自身經驗為發想,創作動機從解決自我內在的焦慮感出發,欲以第三人稱的影像視角陳述從喪父至今,個人主體所感知到的自我認同轉折,以及一路走來所經歷的連續性心境變化。希冀可透過此實驗性創作表達出筆者最純粹的感受,以及帶給有相似經驗的觀者一種力量。 創作作品形式以三段實驗性質影像短片呈現,由演員肢體語言表演內心心境為主,輔以意境式的大自然場景和動物鏡頭,以編導式影像的建構與重演等方式,傳達三階段式的抽象心境畫面。公開放映時,依三段實驗影片的特色與展場空間,設計出適合的錄像藝術放映模式,輔以平面式編導攝影作品和展場敘事之營造,意圖使觀者完整感受到筆者一路從情感上的「腐朽」,過渡到「混沌」的自我掙扎,最後則是生命旅程「重生」的敘事過程。 從兩次公開放映的展演成果出發,多數觀者雖可明確接收到創作主題,但仍偏好事前以文字解說情境的敘事脈絡,影像的「敘事之道」在此作品尚無法獨立存在。另,展演空間與放映模式的互動,會影響觀者對創作作品的詮釋與情緒投射,故作品在後製剪接階段,即需依據展場敘事做出適當的調整。最後根據觀者訪談與問卷調查,檢視本創作成品的放映成效與製作檢討,希冀能帶給後續創作者相關的創作建議。 / This presentation is based on the author’s own experience, trying to solve the inherent anxiety as creative motivation and image a statement from the perspective of the third person who has lost her father, expressing individual subjects of perceived self-identity transition and the continuity of mood changes experienced along the way. This presentation is created to express the purest feelings of author, and hope to bring a power to the audience who have similar experiences through seeing this presentation. This presentation is composed by three experimental films, which presented by an actor performing body language to stand for one’s inside heart with Fabricated Photography, and supplemented by nature scenes and animals’ lenses to reconstruct and convey three-stage manner formula and abstract mood scene. When it comes to public performance, this presentation is designed to use video arts mode according to the characteristics of the exhibition space and three films, combined with works of Fabricated Photography and the narrative of the exhibition, with the intention that the audience can feel the narrative way as the author, starting from the emotional “rottenness” stage to the self struggle transition “chaos”, finally coming to the process “rebirth” of life’s journey. From the results of two public performances, the majority of the audience still prefer to narrative contexts by words rather than images although they can clearly receive the creative theme from three experimental films. “Another way of telling "of images doesn’t work independently in this presentation as imagined. Also, the interaction of exhibition space and videos mode will affect the audience the interpretation and emotional projection to the films, thus the films need to make appropriate adjustments based on the exhibition narrative in post- production editing stage. Finally, according to interviews and questionnaires of the audience, it shows the effectiveness and production review of this presentation, hoping to provide relevant suggestions for subsequent creators of this similar theme.

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