金融機構跨業經營已蔚為常態，金融機構利用不同的整併模式，積極進行跨業資源整合及業務推動。金融控股公司的設立加速跨業經營的腳步，如何利用強勢通路進行共同行銷以達成綜效，成為決勝的關鍵因素。人壽保險業務員通路利用關係行銷，掌握客戶需求，面對面進行顧客服務，滿足客戶一站購足的全方位商品服務，帶動金控集團業績，肩負舉足輕重的戰略地位。然而居高不下的壽險申訴率，引發我們對業務員進行共同行銷時是否也會發生不當行為風險的疑慮，並思考如何提前辨識及因應。 本研究嘗試以保險申訴類型與現行壽險業務員共同行銷模式進行模擬比對，以辨識風險來源，經歸納推導得知壽險業務員趨利避害思維模式及價值觀，若無適當管控，將會引發共同行銷不當行為的發生，並且將隨業務擴展逐漸浮現。為回應風險，本研究結合實務經驗，分別對相關不當行為態樣及有關單位提出風險管理建議(1)在壽險公司方面，可注意強化業務員跨業行銷專業及法令教育，嚴懲共同行銷的不當行為以敬效尤，並善用保險機制以分散風險；(2)在金控公司方面，則應建立跨業風險預判及預防機制，善用集團的資源管理風險，並進行子公司間效率運作經驗的複製及移植；(3)在主管機關方面，可思考調整產險業界業績計算方式，從制度面進行改變導正，另為配合跨業行銷爭議處理機構之設立規劃，可先從金控、公會組織逐級試行申訴運作模式，待未來正式設立時即可移轉經驗及制度，讓消費者保護沒有空檔。期能透過各方面的配合，讓共同行銷的運作能更為完善，以提升金控集團經營效率並充分保護消費者權益。 / Cross-selling seems to be a popular business model for most financial institutions. Various M&A are employed by financial institutions for the purpose of resources integration and business growth across different sectors. The establishment of financial holding companies has further accelerated the scope of business. It is very critical to leverage the advantage of strong channels to enhance synergy via cross-selling. Life insurance agents position themselves importantly for the performance of the holding company groups as they provide one-stop service, face to face interact, and satisfy the demand with their customers by leveraging the customer relationship. But the high customer complaint rations arose the concern with the appropriateness of cross-selling of the agents and the legacy risk, and encourage us to identify the related risk and figure out possible solutions. This research tries to simulate the genres of complaints and the patens of cross-selling of the agents for the purpose of identifying sources of risk. It is concluded that the agents should be well monitored and restrained because of their trade-off mind-sets and value. If not, mis-behaviors can happen along with the growth of business. In response to the related risk, this research based on operation experience leads to several suggestions according to the genres of mis-behaviors to the related entities. First, the life insurance companies should play attention to the enforcement of cross-selling skills and education of regulation of the agents, the punishment of mis-behaviors, and insurance mechanism to diversify related risks. Secondly, the holding companies should build the mechanism of identifying, measuring, and preventing the related risks, manage the risk by using group resources, and replicate the experience and know-how among the subsidiaries. Finally, the supervisory authority should consider the adjustment of performance measurement of the P&C insurance sector, try to guide the sector by change of rules, and try to set up the complaint process from the level of the holding companies and the business associations sequentially, first and then transfer these accumulated experiences and rules to the institution handling arguments about cross-selling after its official establishment in the future. Then the consumers can be well protected without any gap. It is expected that the cross-selling model can be run much better to enhance the operation efficiency of holding company groups and protection of consumers due to the cooperation of related entities.

企業利用資訊科技進行營運可能面臨相關風險，內部稽核人員在進行稽核作業時，應瞭解及運用資訊科技，以評估及確認各種資訊科技風險及企業相關控制之有效性，並提高其工作效率與效果。因此，本研究之目的在於瞭解我國內部稽核單位進行稽核作業時，使用資訊科技的程度以及施行資訊科技稽核的情形，並探討其可能的影響因素。 本研究調查顯示，國內公司內部稽核單位執行內部稽核作業時，其使用資訊科技及進行資訊科技稽核的情形已較過往普遍。超過七成的內部稽核單位已使用廣義的電腦輔助稽核工具，協助進行內部稽核作業，並有超過九成的內部稽核單位已在其年度稽核計畫中納入資訊科技稽核。經實證結果顯示，主要影響內部稽核單位使用資訊科技的程度及是否施行資訊科技稽核之因素為公司資訊環境的複雜程度。 / Information technology (IT) provides the opportunities for business growth and development, it’s usage also faces various threats such as disruption, deception, theft, and fraud. The proliferation and complexity of IT brings many organizational risks and IT-related risks. In order to assess and manage these risks, internal auditors need to utilize information technology when performing internal audit activities and should also include IT audit in their audit plans to ensure the effectiveness of the firm’s IT controls. This study examines IT usage and the performance of IT audit by the internal audit departments of Taiwan public firms. Our empirical results show that over 70 percent of the internal audit departments use computer aided audit techniques (CAATs) when performing their internal audit activities. We also find that over 90 percent of the internal audit departments have included IT audit in their annual audit plans. In addition, The IT sophistication of a firm is significantly and positively associated with the IT usage by its internal audit department. That is, the internal auditors facing a complex IT environment tend to use more IT when performing their audit activities.

本研究主要在探討台灣貨櫃航商之競爭策略，首先聚焦在全球整體海運業之定期船業務，因其運送約七成貨物價值之貨載，而貨櫃航運業運輸量則佔定期船運量超過九成，重要性不言可喻。台灣貨櫃船公司更在世界航運舞台，扮演重要角色成效斐然，因此以台灣貨櫃航運業為研究對象，專注於研究台灣貨櫃船公司所面臨的環境壓力衝擊、分析產業競爭問題、產業風險及成本結構、以歸納建議因應當代變局的關鍵競爭策略。 透過與業界深具實務經驗的資深專家訪談，並以進行面對面深度訪談及勾選問卷聚焦填答方式，對於研究問題經由具決策權之高階管理專家，得到更深遠寬廣的義涵與解答。本研究歸納受訪專家的結論認為：要改善貨櫃海運產業的激烈競爭態勢，當務之急是航商之間應擇優策略聯盟，不該盲目跟進大量訂造新船，宜審慎避免過度投資及過量增加船舶艙位，造成產業運能供給與需求失衡。 規劃產業的競爭策略最重要的是要把公司放入「環境」中考量。貨櫃航運業歷經逾五十年的發展，已逐步過渡到溫和成長的「成熟期產業」階段。這個階段伴隨技術成熟與極度標準化的國際競爭加劇，而使產業獲利走低，業者必須格外著重降低成本與提升服務品質，執行風險管理，並兼顧產品組合之合理化及正確訂價，且要積極穩固忠誠的老客戶，才足以因應嚴峻情勢變化與挑戰，同時必須實施流程創新與再造，及加強管控產業的各項「不確定性」風險。 業者應積極整合組織中外顯與內隱的競爭優勢，以科學管理方式實踐合理化，創新性與競合式發展策略，並強調知識經濟與核心能力為主的差異化策略，實質確保永續優勢的「競爭策略」。 / This study explored the competitive strategies of Taiwanese container shipping companies. I focus on the impact of the environmental pressures on these companies, and highlighted their key competitive strategies. Based on depth interviews and questionnaire with industrial senior executive experts, this study suggests that Taiwanese container shipping companies consider to reduce their risk exposure by forming strategic alliances and to avoid making excessive new vessels building and investment, in facing increasing imbalance of worldwide fleet loading capacity in container shipping industry. Global container shipping industry has developed over than 50 years and is now toward “Industry maturity period”. Competitors in such an industry should focus on lowering cost and strengthening the quality of service to secure customer loyalty. At same time, competitors in the industry should also strive for process innovation and better risk management. They should also develop the core competence and try to differentiate themselves from other competitors in order to ensure their sustainable advantages.

資訊通訊科技的進步為政府帶來變革性的影響，資訊人員照理應扮演重要角色，但卻同時因資源與技術的不足，而有資訊業務委外的需要，使得政府資訊人員必須面臨能力轉換的挑戰。據此，本研究認為應找出資訊人員的核心能力，以發展其競爭優勢並增進組織的績效。本研究是以政府的資訊人員為研究對象，主要目的在於了解目前政府正式編制與約聘僱的資訊人員目前所具備與未來應該具備的核心能力項目；其次是針對目前具備與未來應具備的能力作落差分析與訓練需求評估；最後則是對研究結果提出政策建議。 / 本論文首先透過文獻闡述核心能力的定義，其次檢閱目前與核心能力相關的文獻，藉以找出本研究的定位，並整理各類文獻，建構出政府資訊人員初步的核心能力模式，共五大構面三十七個項目，並以之為調查問卷的基礎；實證資料蒐集時先進行第一波訪談，後續為問卷調查與分析，接著進行第二波訪談，最後統整分析出研究結果。第一波訪談的受訪者有三類共有五人；問卷調查則分別選取中央及地方政府中不同性質單位的資訊人員為問卷發放229份問卷，回收有效問卷158份；第二波訪談的受訪者有三類共兩人。本研究彙整了以上的質化與量化資料，並據以提出相關的政策建議。 / 本研究發現，政府資訊人員在五大構面的能力上，共有十項能力特別重要：積極主動與自信心、人際溝通與表達能力、認知學習、資訊業務委外能力、資訊安全與稽核、業務知能、創新與創意思考、跨域協調與夥伴建立、倫理價值、責任與公共利益。此外，簡任、薦任與委任不同官等、是否為主管職、以及約聘僱人員不同年資等因素，皆會使得資訊人員未來應具備的核心能力有所不同。其他會影響政府資訊人員核心能力不同的因素尚包括：年齡、學歷、目前擔任的職務、過去擔任的職務、職等、績效表現等。 / 根據研究結果，本研究除了由訪談內容整理出政策建議之外，也針對政府資訊人員的核心能力，以及政府資訊人力運用上提出政策建議，以期未來政府資訊人員在遴選與升遷，或是績效考評等核心能力的運用上有所依據，並且提供政府資訊人員在訓練需求評估分析上，所需加強能力項目的參考。 / Information and communication technology advance with each passing day, bringing revolutionary influence for government functions. Government information technology/information system（IT/IS） professionals should have played the important role provided that the resources and techniques were not scarce. The current challenge of IT/IS outsourcing pushes government IT/IS professionals to transform their competencies. Accordingly, this study attempts to find out the core competencies of government IT/IS professionals to make them develop the competitive advantage and improve the organization performance. / The target group included government IT/IS professionals including formal officials and informal employees in the central and local governments in Taiwan. To build core competencies for the government IT/IS professionals, the study proposed 5 clusters including 37 competency items based on the literature, followed by data collection with two rounds of interviews and a questionnaire survey. Five people were selected in the first interview, providing experience about the core competencies of the government IT/IS professionals and opinions for revising the questionnaire. Analyzing the survey data of 158 valid questionnaires, the study dug out the competencies of the government T/IS professionals’ qualified and important degrees to build their core competencies and then undertook gap analysis to assess training needs. At last, two people were selected in the second interview, verifying the previous results and providing policy suggestions. / Aggregating the qualitative and quantitative results, the study concludes with ten core competencies for the government IT/IS professionals, including active and self-confident attitudes, interpersonal communication and articulate skill, perception for continuous learning, IT/IS outsourcing, information security, business function, innovation, inter-organizational coordination and partnership, ethic value, as well as accountability and public interest. Besides, the elements effecting the government IT/IS professionals’ core competencies include their current official rank, position, seniority, age, educational background, performance and so on. / According to the findings above, finally, this study offered suggestions about the information human resources application, the recruitment and promotion of IT/IS professionals, training needs, and performance evaluation.

本研究主要目的在瞭解台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，從警察機關與民力組織兩方面進行，探討應如何整合各類民力參與警察業務？實務上有哪些警察業務適合由民力參與，以及如何提升民力參與意願等問題，期能整合民力資源，作最有效運用，提供警察機關運用民力之參考。本研究主要以台北縣民力參與警察業務為研究範圍，首先以文獻探討研究台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，再進一步針對台北縣新店警察分局運用民力參與警察業務做個案觀察研究，目的是在瞭解目前新店警察分局成立「全民治安諮詢委員會」運用民力參與警察業務的現況，試圖尋找出一套警察機關策略整合民力運用的機制，以供各警察機關民力運用時之參考。經由實地參與觀察，蒐集相關資料後，再根據深度訪談的分析結果，整理研究發現並提供相關建議。 本研究發現，民力運用制度於日據時代是身分、地位及榮譽的象徵，人民參加的意願相當高，運用民力參與警察業務的內容，亦隨著環境的需求而改變，以前是單純的協助治安維持，後來增加秩序維護，近年來為民服務是相當受重視的工作，而且民力參與警察業務一直受到政治力量的影響，只是程度不同而已。其次，就警察機關依法編組的民力而言，要整合編組成一種民力組織是有困難的，但是義警、民防、社區巡守隊業務功能相近，其業務是可以合併由一個單位辦理，惟民力運用應整體整合運用且整合對象要多元差異，因其特性運用，不只限於依法編組運用的民力，而民力整合的重點在於主管是否用心？是否具有整合的能力？目前運用民參與警察業務注重功能導向，欠缺策略性整合運用機制，而且要整合吸納民意代表參與，避免民力成為政治工具。另外，實務上民力參與警察業務的內容有情資提供、協助勤務執行、預防犯罪宣導、協助學童上下課安全以及協助分駐派出所為民服務工作。最後研究發現民力單位（人員）受到尊重、所提出的問題能獲得解決，是提升他們參與意願的重要因素，而福利制度的好壞，並非提升參與意願的重要因素。 / The purpose of this research was to understand the present situation of civil force participation in police affairs in Taipei County. This research on the integration of all kinds of civil forces assisting police affairs covered two areas: police administrations and civil organizations. We were interested in finding out what kind of police work is suitable for civil forces and how to encourage citizen participation in these programs. By doing so, we would like to provide suggestions to police institutions when organizing civil forces so that they may be integrated more effectively, thereby enhancing their continued participation. In this research document analysis was first completed, and then a case study of the Shin-Dian Police Precinct’s “Public Security Consulting Commission” was carried out. Through actual participation and observation, we gathered the data used in this research. Through data analysis of our findings and in-depth interviews, we have provided relevant suggestions for police administrators in this paper. This research reveals that during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan the civil force system was a symbol of identity, status, and honor, and therefore the willingness among the population to participate was quite high. The purpose of the organization also adapted to Taiwan’s changing society. Initially, the force simply maintained public security, but later it took on the work of keeping order. In recent years, the civilian services have been highly valued, but there are problematic aspects. For example, civil forces’ participation in police affairs has always been somewhat connected to influence peddling. In addition, it is difficult to integrate and organize a civil organization as broad as the civil force that is officially managed by the police administrations in Taiwan. However, because vigilantes, civil defenders, and community patrolling squads have similar functions, they can be merged and managed as a single unit. And the subjects integrated should be diverse on certain targets. Because of its utilization characteristics, it is not only confined to the officially arranged civil forces. It was found that the success of civil force integration depends on the expectation of the commander’s involvement with the group and how capable he or she is at organizing the volunteers. Utilizing civil forces to participate in police affairs is a highly functionally oriented undertaking. However, it was found in this study that it lacks strategic integration and utilization. Therefore, the participation of the representatives must be integrated and absorbed in order to prevent the civil forces from becoming political tools. These civil forces are valuable resources providing general intelligence to police, police duty assistance, crime prevention propaganda distribution, security for schoolchildren, and civilian services assistance. Finally, we found that it is not the compensation they receive that inspires the citizens to participate in such civil forces, but rather whether they feel highly valued and if their problems are solved that keeps them in the program.

我國早年已與中國簽署《金融監管合作備忘錄》和《海峽兩岸經濟合作框架協議》，這標誌著兩岸經貿往來和金融合作進入制度化軌道，開啟了兩岸經貿關係的新紀元。自《海峽兩岸經濟合作框架協議》ECFA簽署以來，經貿聯繫及金融合作愈來愈緊密，兩岸金融機構及商貿企業信用業務大幅增長，信用管理將呈現跨地域、多層次、多元化的態勢。這時，徵信作為信用管理的起點和其基礎地位的重要性日益突顯，徵信領域廣泛且深入的交流合作愈發頻繁，兩岸徵信平台的彼此互相聯通將有助於形成良好的金融信用環境，而彼此徵信的聯通有賴於彼此對於對岸徵信業管理制度之瞭解。 本論文共分五章，第一章緒論;第二章針對徵信起源、定義、特徵、功能、分類及相關概念作說明，並介紹近代中西方徵信演進發展之概況;第三章以徵信機構體制為方向，說明徵信機構的定義、角色、分類、監管及設立退出條件，並對公共徵信機構與私營徵信機構進行比較。接著介紹世界上主要國家徵信機構發展之過程，並以此為基礎，對我國與中國徵信機構體制進行比較;第四章先點出隱私權與徵信間的衝突後，再介紹隱私權的內涵、發展，最後由隱私權衍生出信息隱私權之概念，並進而對徵信業務規則進行討論並比較我國與中國對於信息隱私權保護的差異性;第五章，總結兩岸徵信業之差異，期以之能作為兩岸共建聯合信息平台之基礎，並對兩岸信息共享提供未來發展方向之建議。 / Taiwan has signed "Financial Regulatory Cooperation" and "Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement" with China in the early years, which marks that the cross-strait economics, trade exchanges and financial cooperation has been in the orbit, which opens up a new era of cross-strait economics and trade relations. Since the "cross-strait economic cooperation framework agreement" ECFA was signed, economic ties and financial cooperation are more closely. Substantial growth in cross-strait financial institutions, commercial enterprise type, and credit management will present cross-regional, multi-level and diversified trend. At this time, credit management between Taiwan and China can be as a basis to highlight the growing of more frequent exchanges and Cross-Strait economic cooperation. The establishment of Unicom credit information exchange platform between Taiwan and China will help create a good financial credit environment .For the goal, realization of the credit industry management system difference between Taiwan and China is a must. The paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction; the second chapter introduces credit origin, definition, features, functions, classification and related concepts, and makes an overview of the evolution and development of modern Western and Eastern countries; the third chapter discusses credit institution, indicating that the definition of credit institutions, the role of classification, the establishment of entrance and exit conditions, and the comparison between public credit institutions and private credit bureaus . Then, the paper introduces the world's major national development process of the credit bureaus, and on this basis, compare credit institution between Taiwan and China; the fourth chapter points out the conflict between privacy and credit, and then introduces privacy connotation, development, and finally privacy of information is derived from the concept of privacy. Then discuss the rules for the credit industry. Finally, make a comparison of Taiwan and China Information Privacy differences; the fifth chapter summarizes the differences between the two sides of the credit industry, in order that it can build a basis for cross-strait joint platform of credit information, sharing of credit information of Taiwan and China. Finally, the paper provides the future direction of the sharing of credit information between Taiwan and China.

本研究的第一部份是利用有效存續期間與有效凸性來衡量人壽保險人的利率風險。我們發現Tsai (2009)指出的壽險保單準備金之有效存續期間結構並非一般化的結果。當長期利率水準高於保單預定利率及保單解約率敏感於利差時，準備金之有效存續期間會呈現與Tsai (2009)相反的結構。我們進一步發現準備金之有效凸性會亦有可能呈現負值，且不易依照保單到期期限歸納出一般化的結構。負值的有效凸性起因於準備金並非利率的單調函數，且準備金與利率的函數關係隨保單到期期限而不同。我們的研究結果可以幫助人壽保險人執行更為精確的資產負債管理。 本研究的第二部分是利用模擬最佳化的方法，幫助銷售傳統壽險保單的保險人求解出適切的業務槓桿與資產配置策略。我們假設保險人在考量破產機率與報酬率的波動之下，將資本與淨保費收入投資於資本市場中，以追求較高的業主權益報酬率。以業務槓桿與資產配置相互影響為前提，我們求解出適切的業務槓桿與多期資產配置策略，並分析在不同的業務槓桿之下，保險人多期資產配置的差異。 / In the first part of this doctoral dissertation, we focus on a proper measurement on interest rate risk of life insurer’s liabilities, policy reserves, by incorporating the general effective duration and effective convexity measures. Tsai (2009) identified a term structure of the effective durations of life insurance reserves. We find that his results are not general. When the long-run mean of interest rates is higher than the policy crediting rate and the surrender rate is sensitive to the spread, the term structure would exhibit an opposite pattern to the one in Tsai (2009). We further find that the effective convexities might be negative and the term structure of the effective convexities exhibits no general pattern. The irregularities originate from negative effective convexities result from the relationship between mean reserves and initial short rate for different years to maturity. Our results can help life insurers to implement more accurate asset-liability management. In the second part, we analyze asset allocation and leverage strategies for a life insurer selling traditional insurance products by using a simulation optimization method. We assume that an insurer invests equity capital (from its shareholders) and premiums it receives from policyholders by choosing a portfolio intended to maximize the annual return of equity minus the penalty of insolvencies and risks. We regard the leverage as an internal factor in asset allocation. Based on these assumptions, we get a promising multiple-periods asset allocation and leverage, besides analyzing how leverage affects asset allocation strategies.

我國保險法令對於市場中分屬不同業務性質之保險經紀人，於監理規範上並無太大之區別。而於實際之財產保險與人身保險之經紀業務中，其間實具有相當大之差異性存在。再就保險之需求者而言，企業型之被保險人與消費型之被保險人，本屬相當不同之市場族群，這也正說明近年關於金融消費者保護法之立法，即係著眼於金融消費者市場保護措施的建立。惟對於企業型之被保險人市場，於保險法相關之規範上，則相應缺少一些差異性之規範設計。 我國保險法令關於直接保險業務與再保險業務並未依國內市場之業務與國際市場之業務而區分，自然造成我國保險經紀人之業務類別僅分為「直接保險經紀業務」及「再保險經紀業務」二分法之現象。而保險經紀人執行此等「前衛業務」時，事實上其所應負責任之對象為該等原始被保險人，而非被再保險人〈即原保險人〉。但相較於國內保險法規上之分類類別，也只能將其視為「再保險」之一類別，此時該等執行此類「前衛業務」之保險經紀人依此法令上之二分法類別設計，將同時具備執行「直接保險經紀業務」及「再保險經紀業務」之情形，雖然於我國法令規範上，經紀人公司得經營保險經紀人業務及再保險經紀業務，但同時也衍生於法規上如何處理利益衝突之問題。但於此等「前衛業務」，保險經紀人事實上所應負責任之對象應僅指該等原始被保險人，而非被再保險人〈即原保險人〉，此時若又將其同視為兼具執行「再保險經紀業務」，則自然發生法令規範與事實關係不符之謬誤。 本文對於保險經紀人同時經營保險經紀業務與再保險經紀業務之問題，於根本上探討保險經紀人於實務作業之具體情形，並分析其法律地位與相關之義務與責任，希望對於保險法相關規範之發展上，能對於不同業務屬性之保險經紀業務行為，發展出一套不同之思路與設計，藉以消彌監理與實務間之鴻溝。並期待法規應引領國內保險公司，能真正專注於實質保險本業之經營，對於大型企業體之財產保險需求，能真正作為承接實質風險之保險人，而非甘於僅處於前衛業務所安排之出單公司，以類似於保險中介人收取服務費用之模式經營。如此，對於被保險人而言，則可相對免除國內出單費用之成本；對於保險經紀人而言，亦可達到為被保險人最大利益考量之執業職責。 基於目前法規對於跨國保險、境外保險及剩餘保險等問題呈現法規缺漏之現象，本文亦延伸探討目前相關法令對於境外保單議題之處理方式。目前之保險法167-1條未將企業等非消費者被保險人購買境外保單之情形排除於外，實無益於維護金融市場秩序、保障消費者權益之立法目的，應予排除。另鑑於境外保單交易多具跨國性質，基於罪刑法定主義之明確性原則，立法者應將「代理、經紀、招攬保險業務」定義清楚，避免嗣後爭議。 本論文以產物保險為主軸，於第二章中介紹保險相關的輔助人，保險係人類創造新文明之過程中損失分擔之機制，這個機制則需要許多人之努力方得以運轉，保險契約之締結，除了契約當事人以外，尚需要有許多相關人士的輔助，才得以使保險機制能更有效的運作，此等保險相關的輔助人各司其職，目的均在使得保險制度之運作更為流暢與正當。第三章及第四章分別論述保險經紀人之市場功能與法律地位、保險經紀人之行為規範與專業責任及義務，以及我國保險法令關於保險經紀人之相關規範。第五章至第七章深入探討保險經紀人處理境外保單之相關問題、P&I制度、國際金融業務境外保險之議題，並檢討現行法制對於保險經紀人處理境外保單之法律問題。並於第八章文末提出修法建議與結論。 本論文以現代經濟社會對保險制度之期待為標的，以保險服務業對整體經濟社會發展所產生之影響及其願景為研究背景，期待藉由保險實務工作者與政府主管機關、法律學界與實務界之共同努力，能使保險實務之運作更趨於完善，並使國內保險事業與國際保險市場之發展密切接軌，形成一套保險從業人員得所依循之「執業典範」，以為日後相關保險從業人員及主管機關得以遵循及評鑑的共同指標，使投保大眾對於保險制度之運作更具有信賴與安全感，給予全體社會一個穩健、安全又合諧的經濟環境。

韓國政府為達成「成為東北亞的金融中心（financial hub）」之目標，參考英、澳模式，於2003年初提出整合金融法規計畫，將現行金融相關法規，以功能性規範的方式，將資本市場相關法律加以整合，同時將金融投資商品的概念以概括性的方式規定，並將金融業有關的制度規範重編為以金融機能為中心，加強投資者保護制度等對於資本市場法制體系做全新的改善；另一方面，透過加強對資本市場的不公平交易的管制等現行制度上所出現的部分缺失加以改善。 反觀我國有關金融市場之相關法制，韓國所列為改革的缺失，如金融業可從事的商品以列舉方式規定、金融行業制度的規範以金融機關為中心制定、對於投資者保護的配套措施不夠完備及對資本市場的不公平交易的管制缺失等，均為我國現行法制所存在。 本文擬以探尋投資銀行的意義、類型及其業務範圍為前導，歸納出投資銀行之概念，繼以瞭解美、英、日、韓等先進國家之投資銀行法制規範之演進與發展，作為我國之參考，再以投資銀行之業務為經，以其所涉之我國法制為緯，逐一就每一投資銀行之業務所涉的法制進行有系統彙整與分析，期對我國投資銀行業務所涉之法制規範有一全盤性的瞭解，最後探討韓國投資銀行金融法制改革及「次級房貸事件」造成美國五大投資銀行瓦解之法制原因，以為參考與借鏡，並提出我國投資銀行未來相關法制規範訂定或修訂之建議。 本研究之結論如下：1.投資銀行正確的說法應該是指投資銀行業務，它代表的是一種活動的概念。2.投資銀行法制發展模式，主要分為銀行與證券分離制(以美國、日本為代表)及銀行與證券合一制(以英國及歐陸國家為代表)，我國目前較趨向銀行與證券分離制。3.在金融監理一元化之影響下，外國投資銀行之法制呈現制定「單一金融法規」模式之整合性發展趨勢，在因應金融創新變革方面，紛朝擴大有價證券定義、對金融商品的管理架構由「正面表列」改為「負面表列」及強化公司治理之措施提昇對投資人保護機制發展。4.管制鬆綁與金融創新為造成美國投資銀行瓦解之主因。5.韓國資本市場整合法如期實施，主要在於美國五大投資銀行雖已破產倒閉或轉型，惟未來投資銀行的功能將繼續存在，再者，韓國制定「資本市場整合法」時，係以英國、澳洲金融改革立法例，來發展投資銀行，而非以美國投資銀行模式。6.世界各國近年來紛紛加速進行金融改革整合所有資本市場的法規與業務協助金融業者成為有國際競爭力的投資銀行，來增強金融市場的競爭力。台灣在總體經濟發展與金融市場分業管理架構都和韓國相似，應積極學習韓國改革經驗，整合資本市場法規與業務，提升資本市場的競爭力。 我國與韓國均為亞洲國家，文化背景及地理區位亦甚為相近，韓國制定「資本市場整合法」，係有計畫、有步驟地改善金融機構的長期穩健發展，以及促進金融業間業務的平衡性發展，並非僅考量金融機構的短期獲利，應有值我國借鏡之處。 再者，金融海嘯雖反映出市場失靈、監理失效情況，各國迷漫著『監理加嚴』的氣氛。但不應矯枉過正，抹殺金融創新，阻礙資本市場的發展。 雖然我國政府對這次金融海嘯衝擊採取冷處理方式，停止了原預定推動之金融法制整合，但我國資本市場面臨經營環境惡化、發展策略不明確、法規成熟度不足、業者競爭力低和投資人保護措施不完善等問題，依然存在，本文認為證府須儘快進行根本改革，以提升資本市場之競爭力。 本研究建議改革的主要重心如下：1.儘速進行金融法制改革，整合資本市場法規與業務，提升資本市場的競爭力。2.效法韓國政府金融改革之精神，政府機關確實負起主導責任，務實規劃資本市場發展策略，與業者共同促進市場發展，進行有系統的金融法制改革。3.積極重新檢討銀行、證券、期貨、投信、投顧和信託等業務的法規，使各行業的業者可以依自己的規模和專業能力，選擇以直接、兼營或子公司方式混業經營、獲得經營綜效。4.韓國加強衍生性金融商品及負面表列的管制，可供我國參採。5.實施專業投資人制度，對一般投資人要求加強投資人保護，但對專業投資人制度減少投資人保護，維持市場效率。

民國90年公司法修正第202條之前，即有謂股東會為萬能機關，在民國90年修正公司法第202條規定後，將公司業務之執行，除本法或章程規定應由股東會決議之事項外，均應交由董事會決議行之。此修正所帶來的最大意義在於股東會不再是萬能機關，而明確劃分股東會和董事會之間的權限。然而是否能那樣的「明確」，則未能無疑？首先，公司法如此修正後，可否說在現行公司法下，股份有限公司之機關權能已傾向董事會優位？再者，即便公司法已修正第202條之規定，董事會與股東會之間仍有權限衝突之可能。亦即除法定或章程規定應由股東會決議之事項外，均應由董事會決議行之，簡單來說，股東會仍可透過修改章程的方式，來侷限董事會權能，進而擴大自身可決議之範圍，股東會此一「擴權」方式，有無必要加以限制？其範圍應如何加以限制？ 而在股東會與董事會權限衝突時，所謂「企業所有與經營分離原則」，能否扮演指導的原則，為董事會帶來更高的權力依據，抑或應尊重企業自治精神。本文並就董事持股數、經理人委任及報酬、章定特定對象交易條款容許性、公開發行制度等議題與章定股東會權限範圍衝突，提出看法及依據。